As Bitcoin has grown from a niche investment to a widely accepted payment method, it is now accepted by millions of merchants around the world. This guide will cover everything you need to know about using Bitcoin for payments, from simple transactions to more advanced tips. And no, you don’t need to be a tech whizz to figure this out. 

Getting started with Bitcoin payments

Before using Bitcoin, we’d recommend that you first understand how the decentralised payment system works. A great place to start is our guide on What Bitcoin Is. 

Once you’ve got a grip on the basics and you’re ready to dive into payments, the first step will be setting up a Bitcoin wallet, which will serve as your digital tool for sending and receiving cryptocurrency.

How to set up your Bitcoin wallet

Your Bitcoin wallet is your personal gateway to the Bitcoin network. With a range of options available, here are some popular wallet options:

• Hardware wallets (like Ledger or Trezor) for maximum security
• Mobile wallets (such as Tap) for convenience
• Desktop wallets for detailed control
• Web wallets for easy access

It’s a good idea to choose a type of wallet that balances your security needs with your accessibility requirements - each person will have their own preference. 

Different methods of paying with Bitcoin

Directly to the merchant 

Many businesses now accept Bitcoin directly through their online or PoS payment systems. The process typically involves:

1. Selecting Bitcoin as your payment method
2. Scanning a QR code with your wallet
3. Confirming the transaction amount
4. Waiting for network confirmation

Through payment processors

Payment processors like Tap help bridge the gap between Bitcoin and traditional payment systems. These services often provide:

• Instant conversion to fiat currency for merchants
• Lower transaction fees compared to credit cards
• Integration with existing point-of-sale systems
• Customer protection features

(If you’re a business looking to leverage crypto in your operations, see our range of business services here). 

Peer-to-peer transactions

For direct person-to-person payments, Bitcoin offers several advantages:

• No intermediary required
• Lower fees than traditional wire transfers
• Cross-border transactions without currency conversion
• Immediate settlement options

With Tap, you can send funds directly to other Tap users for free. Users will still be liable for the Bitcoin transaction fee as this is outside of Tap’s control.

Where to spend Bitcoin

As the Bitcoin payment ecosystem continues to grow, more and more options are becoming available for where you can spend your cryptocurrency:

Online retailers

• Major retail platforms (from Overstock to Gucci)
• Fast food chains (Burger King, Subway)
• Grocery stores (Whole Foods)
• Travel booking sites (Expedia)
• Digital service providers (Microsoft, AT&T)

Alternative methods

For many retailers that don’t accept Bitcoin, users can purchase gift cards using BTC. Alternatively, anyone with a Tap card can spend Bitcoin anywhere in the world that accepts Mastercard. Simply open an account and request a free card by entering your address on the app (some location limits apply). 

How to convert Bitcoin to cash

When you need to convert Bitcoin to traditional currency, you have three main options:

• Cryptocurrency exchanges (access to the top prices through Tap)
• Peer-to-peer marketplaces (platforms like LocalBitcoins)
• Bitcoin ATMs for immediate cash withdrawal

Alternatively, you can use your Tap card at any traditional ATM and withdraw the local currency. 

Things to look out for

When using Bitcoin for payments, it’s important to keep a few things in mind. Pay attention to exchange rates and transaction fees (displayed before you confirm the transaction) as they can vary between platforms. 

Processing times might also differ depending on network congestion. Additionally, be aware of verification requirements and daily withdrawal limits of the platform you use, which could affect how much and how quickly you can transact.

Security and best practices

Transaction safety

Always make sure that your Bitcoin is protected by following these security measures:

• Double-check recipient addresses
• Use secure internet connections
• Enable two-factor authentication
• Keep software and wallets updated

Risk management

Just to be on the safe side, to minimise risks when using Bitcoin for payments, start with small transactions to test the process and get comfortable with it. Also make sure you understand transaction fees and confirmation times, as mentioned above, as these can impact your experience. 

Last but not least, always keep records of your transactions and stick to reputable services and merchants to ensure a safe and reliable payment process.

Tax and legal considerations

Using Bitcoin can have tax implications, so it’s important to understand your responsibilities relative to the area that you live. You may need to pay taxes on any increase in value, keep detailed transaction records, report payments, and consider tax rules if you’re using Bitcoin for business purposes.

To stay compliant with regulations, keep detailed transaction records and understand any reporting requirements. Follow KYC (Know Your Customer) and AML (Anti-Money Laundering) procedures on the platforms you use, and consult a tax professional if needed to ensure you’re meeting all obligations.

Going a little deeper

Understanding the technology

In a very concise nutshell, the Bitcoin network operates through:

• Blockchain technology for transaction verification
• Mining processes to secure the network
• Hash rate implications for security
• Supply and demand dynamics that establish the price

Market considerations

When using Bitcoin for payments, there are a few market considerations to keep in mind:

• Price volatility affects final amount
• Transaction fee fluctuations when the network is busy
• Network congestion impacts

The future of Bitcoin payments

As the ecosystem continues to grow and improve, the future of Bitcoin payments looks bright. 

More merchants are beginning to accept Bitcoin, making it increasingly accessible for everyday use and people around the world. While at the same time, user interfaces are becoming more intuitive, making transactions smoother and easier for both new and experienced users. 

Enhanced security features are also boosting confidence among both consumers and businesses. Meanwhile, innovations like Layer 2 scaling solutions are addressing challenges like speed and cost, further supporting its adoption on a larger scale.

As Bitcoin continues its gradual integratration with traditional financial systems, the gap between crypto and mainstream finance is disintegrating. 

Conclusion

There is no denying that Bitcoin payments are changing the way we think about and use money. As the technology evolves, understanding the basics will help you use cryptocurrency safely and effectively. Whether for everyday purchases or business transactions, Bitcoin provides a secure, flexible, and accessible payment option.

Stay updated on changes in the Bitcoin ecosystem and regulatory changes in your country, as new tools and services are constantly being developed to make using cryptocurrency even easier and more secure. And if you’re serious about spending your Bitcoin (and managing it effectively), have a look at what the Tap platform has to offer to see if it aligns with your needs. 

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Crypto recovery scams involve fraudsters claiming they can recover lost or stolen cryptocurrency for a fee. These scammers prey on individuals who have lost access to their digital assets.

As cryptocurrencies grow in popularity, these deceptive schemes are also becoming more and more prevalent. Being able to identify and avoid such scams is crucial. Not only will it help to safeguard your current investments but will also prevent further financial losses. In this article we’re going to guide you through identifying these scams, and what to do from there. 

Signs of a crypto recovery scam

Spotting a crypto recovery scam can be easier if you know the telltale signs:

• Be wary of unsolicited offers to recover your lost or stolen crypto, as legitimate services don't operate that way. 
• Scammers often demand exorbitant upfront fees before providing any services, while legitimate ones typically charge after a successful recovery.
• Unrealistic promises of guaranteed recovery should also raise suspicion, as legitimate services are upfront about risks and limitations.

Another red flag is a lack of transparency about their methods and processes. Scammers tend to be vague, while legitimate services are open about their approach. 

Finally, watch out for high-pressure tactics like creating a false sense of urgency. Scammers may use these to rush you into a decision, whereas legitimate services allow you to make an informed choice. Acknowledging and staying vigilant about these signs can protect you from falling victim to crypto recovery scams.

How scammers typically operate a crypto recovery scam

In a cunning ploy, scammers impersonate representatives from reputable companies, reaching out to unsuspecting individuals with the promise of recovering funds lost in previous scams. These impostors may even possess specific details about the victims, such as the amount of money they had lost, further lending credibility to their claims.

Once they gain the trust of their targets, the scammers instruct the victims to promptly send Bitcoin or other cryptocurrencies to a wallet address controlled by the scammers themselves. In some cases, the scammers may suggest that the victims create accounts on cryptocurrency exchanges that allow multiple owners for a single wallet, such as Atomic Wallet. In other instances, the scammers may have already set up these accounts themselves and merely grant the victims access, ensuring complete control over the funds.

To further facilitate the transfer of funds, some victims are coaxed into downloading remote access software like AnyDesk, under the pretense of receiving assistance with setting up bank or exchange accounts. This tactic grants the scammers direct access to the victims' devices, providing yet another avenue for diverting funds to their chosen destinations.

How to protect yourself

To protect yourself from crypto recovery scams, it's essential to do thorough research on any company or service before engaging with it. Be sure to scrutinize their credentials, reviews, and track record, and if something sounds too good to be true, it usually is. 

As mentioned above, always be highly sceptical of unsolicited offers or claims, as these are often tactics used by scammers. Instead, do your own homework and find a service that aligns with your needs and sense of comfort. 

Never share your private keys or seed phrases with anyone, as this grants them complete access to your funds. Instead, consider using reputable and trusted crypto recovery services, such as CryptoRecovery.com or CoinRecovered.com, which have established reputations and transparent processes.

While this might sound like scary business, rest assured that by exercising due diligence, maintaining a healthy dose of scepticism, and safeguarding your private information, you can significantly reduce the risk of falling victim to these deceptive schemes.

Reporting crypto recovery scams

If you suspect you have been contacted by a crypto recovery scam service or found one online, report it to the appropriate authorities as well as the Tap team immediately. Many countries have dedicated cybercrime units or financial fraud hotlines where you can file a complaint. Additionally, by alerting Tap we can escalate the report and inform other crypto holders before they potentially fall prey to these scammers.

Always remember that raising awareness is crucial in combating these scams. Share your experience on forums, social media, or with your network to warn others. By doing so, you can help prevent more people from falling victim and contribute to the collective effort against crypto-related frauds.

Key takeaways from this article

Key signs of a crypto recovery scam include unsolicited offers, demands for exorbitant upfront fees, lack of transparency about methods, unrealistic promises of guaranteed recovery, and high-pressure tactics. Exercise extreme caution and conduct thorough due diligence before engaging with any service claiming to recover lost or stolen cryptocurrency.

Additionally, spreading awareness is crucial to combating these scams. Share information about the telltale signs and your experiences with Tap, the appropriate authorities, your network and online communities. By raising awareness, you can help others avoid falling victim to these deceptive schemes and contribute to the collective effort against crypto-related fraud.

For more information, here are the top 5 crypto scams people fall victim to.

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Remember those late nights battling friends over Monopoly, only to watch them build a hotel empire that wiped you out? Surprise – those brutal losses actually taught you more about money than any school class ever did.

Think about it. All those hours trading properties and counting colourful cash? You were low-key learning real financial skills.

Here we explore some classic board games that sneakily teach us about money and why game night might be worth more than just family bonding (or friendship breakups).

The OGs of financial gaming 

First up, Monopoly – the game that's probably seen more family arguments than any holiday meal. Beyond the thrill of watching someone land on Mayfair with your hotel on it, Monopoly has some sneaky money lessons. 

Notice how players who buy every single property often end up broke? Lesson one: keep some cash in reserve. The real magic, though, is in the deals. Trading Baltic Avenue for a get-out-of-jail-free card only to see your sibling realize they got hustled? Pure satisfaction. Plus, the joy of collecting rent while doing absolutely nothing? Welcome to passive income 101. 

And then there’s The Game of Life – where picking between doctor or YouTube star plays out the consequences. It's a crash course in big life choices: Is it worth the debt for that degree? Should you buy insurance or take a gamble? And the real kicker – sometimes the “safe” road with a steady paycheck beats betting it all on that dream job.

The new school money makers

If Monopoly is the grandfather of money games, Stockpile is the cool cousin who works on Wall Street. This game lets you play Gordon Gekko without the whole "going to jail" thing. You'll learn about stocks without risking your actual savings, and we’re willing to bet that watching your friends panic when their "sure thing" stock crashes is way more fun than checking your real investment portfolio.

The fun part? You get insider trading tips during the game (legally, of course). It's hilarious watching players debate whether to trust that hot stock tip or play it safe. One round you're Warren Buffett, the next you're crossing your fingers hoping your tech stocks don't tank. Kind of like real-life trading, some might say.

Then there's Cashflow, created by the "Rich Dad" guy himself. It's basically a crash course in getting rich while pretending to have fun. You'll learn the difference between assets and liabilities (spoiler: that fancy car isn't making you money), and figure out how to escape the 9-to-5 grind through smart investments. Fair warning though - you might quit your job after a few rounds to become a real estate mogul.

The unexpected financial teachers

Here’s where it gets sneaky – these games have been teaching you money moves all along. Take Ticket to Ride. While you’re laser-focused on building that perfect New York-to-LA route, you’re actually mastering resource management. Ever burned through all your train cards early, only to have someone block your perfect path? That’s basically paycheck-gone-on-day-one energy.

Then there's Catan – aka How to Lose Friends Through Aggressive Sheep Trading. One minute, you’re rich in brick; the next, you’re stuck because nobody wants to trade. It’s supply and demand in the flesh. And remember: putting all your hopes in wood and ore is like going all-in on one crypto. Diversify, people.

The real genius of these games? You’re sharpening real money skills without even noticing, all while throwing down over wheat wars and blocked routes.

Final dice

Next time someone questions your game night plans, let them know you're honing real-life money skills. These board games have quietly schooled us in finances for years – from building empires to making savvy trades.

Want to teach the kids about money without the lectures? Just break out the board games. Who knows, those game night lessons might be exactly what you need to handle real-world money moves.

In today's global economy, managing your finances, both crypto and fiat, across borders has never been more important. With this in mind, we’ve created innovative solutions for both personal and business users with the Tap Personal Account and Tap Business Account. 

While both accounts share some core features, they each cater to specific needs. Let's dive into the details to help you choose the right account for your financial journey. 

Shared features: the Tap advantage

Both Tap Personal and Tap Business accounts offer a range of powerful features designed to simplify your financial life:

• Multi-currency capabilities: Hold, send, and receive money in multiple currencies.
• Competitive exchange rates: Enjoy favourable rates when converting between currencies.
• Low-fee international transfers: Send money abroad without breaking the bank.
• Tap card: A versatile debit card for spending in multiple currencies worldwide.
• User-friendly mobile app: Manage your finances on the go with ease.
• Cashback rewards: earn up to 8% Cashback on any card or online transactions.
• Money management on the go: Get real-time notifications on transactions and monthly statements.

Tap Personal Account: personal finance, globalised

The Tap Personal Account is perfect for individuals who:

• Live, work, or travel internationally
• Need to send money to family or friends abroad
• Want to shop online in different currencies
• Seek a hassle-free way to manage personal finances across borders
• Are savvy investors looking to manage multiple currencies in one secure location

Key features of the Tap Personal Account include:

1. Easy account opening: Get started quickly with a simple online process.
2. Free local account details: Receive payments like a local in multiple countries.
3. Instant transfers: Send money to other Tap users in seconds, for free.

Tap Business Account: powering global commerce

The Tap Business Account is tailored for:

• Small to medium-sized businesses
• Companies with international operations
• Startups looking to scale globally

In addition to the features shared with the Tap Personal Account, the Tap Business Account offers:

1. Multi-currency access: Easily set up checkout payment channels for crypto and major national currencies with access to local and international payment rails.
2. Crypto to fiat: Receive and send over 45 cryptocurrencies directly from your account with an institutional-grade OTC desk. 
3. Payment links: Get an individual IBAN and receive and send payments in EUR and GBP with SEPA Instant
4. White card labelling service: Create customisable cards for your business or clients using the integrated service. 
5. Cheaper payroll payments: Avoid bank fees when making multiple payments efficiently, perfect for paying salaries or multiple suppliers.
6. Access to an account manager: each company is assigned a dedicated account manager.

Making the right choice

Choosing between a Tap Personal Account and a Tap Business Account depends on your specific needs:

• If you're an individual looking to simplify your personal international finances, the Tap Personal Account is your go-to solution.
• For businesses of any size aiming to streamline their global financial operations, the Tap Business Account offers the advanced features you need to thrive in the international marketplace.

Both accounts reflect Tap's commitment to providing innovative, user-friendly financial solutions for our increasingly connected world. Whether you're planning your next international adventure or expanding your business across borders, Tap has you covered.

Ready to take control of your global finances? Visit withtap.com to learn more and download the app, and sign up for the account that best suits your needs.

What is a stablecoin?

A stablecoin is a cryptocurrency that aims to keep its value consistent with a specific asset or group of assets, in other words, its value is pegged to the underlying asset. Unlike volatile cryptocurrencies such as Bitcoin or Ethereum, stablecoins aim to provide the benefits of digital currencies without the wild price fluctuations. Most commonly, stablecoins are pegged to fiat currencies like the US dollar, with one coin typically equaling one dollar.

How do stablecoins maintain their value?

Stablecoins use various mechanisms to maintain their peg:

1. Collateralised stablecoins

These are backed by reserves of the pegged asset. For every stablecoin issued, there should be an equivalent amount of the asset held in reserve (in a bank). Examples include USDC and USDT.

2. Algorithmic stablecoins

These use smart contracts and algorithms to automatically adjust supply based on demand, theoretically maintaining the peg. An example was TerraUSD (UST) before its collapse.

3. Hybrid models

Some stablecoins combine collateral backing with algorithmic mechanisms.

Maintaining the peg often involves continuous market operations, such as minting new coins when demand increases or burning excess supply when demand decreases.

What does it mean when a stablecoin depegs?

When a stablecoin "depegs," it means its value has deviated significantly from its intended peg. For instance, if a USD-pegged stablecoin trades at $0.95 or $1.05 instead of $1.00, it's considered depegged. Minor fluctuations are normal, but substantial or prolonged deviations indicate a problem.

Why does this happen?

Stablecoins can depeg for several reasons:

1. Market pressure: Extreme market conditions can lead to massive sell-offs, overwhelming the stabilising mechanisms.
2. Loss of confidence: If users doubt the stablecoin's backing or the issuer's credibility, they may rush to sell, causing a depeg.
3. Insufficient collateral: If a stablecoin isn't adequately backed by reserves, it may struggle to maintain its peg during high-stress periods.
4. Algorithm failures: For algorithmic stablecoins, flaws in the stabilising mechanism can lead to depegging.
5. Regulatory issues: Legal challenges or regulatory crackdowns can shake confidence in a stablecoin.
6. Liquidity crises: If there's not enough liquidity in the market, it can be difficult to maintain the peg.
7. External economic factors: Major economic events or changes in monetary policy can affect a stablecoin's stability.

What are the consequences of a stablecoin depegging?

The consequences of a stablecoin depegging can be severe and far-reaching:

Loss of user funds

Investors holding the stablecoin may face significant losses if the value drops substantially.

Market volatility

A major stablecoin depegging can trigger broader crypto market sell-offs and instability.

Loss of trust

Depegging events can erode confidence in the entire stablecoin market and the specific project.

Regulatory scrutiny

Such events often lead to increased regulatory attention on stablecoins and the broader crypto industry.

Disruption of crypto ecosystems

Many DeFi protocols rely on stablecoins; a depeg can disrupt these systems. And as stablecoins are often used as collateral, depegging can trigger mass liquidations and potential system-wide instability.

Project failure

In extreme cases, like with Terra/LUNA, a stablecoin depeg can lead to the complete collapse of the associated project and ecosystem.

Understanding the mechanisms behind stablecoins and the risks of depegging is crucial for anyone involved in the cryptocurrency space. While stablecoins play a vital role in the crypto ecosystem, providing a bridge between traditional finance and the volatile world of digital assets, they are not without risks. Be sure to always do your own research before engaging in the crypto space.

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Did you know that there are five different ways we express our love through money? Below we break down the original five love languages and then explain how these can be integrated into a financial setting. Knowledge is power, after all.

The original five love languages

The original five love languages were first introduced by Dr. Gary Chapman in his book "The 5 Love Languages: The Secret to Love that Lasts" offering insight into how we convey our love and how we hope to receive it. The five love languages are:

Words of affirmation

Expressing love and appreciation through verbal or written compliments, praise, and kind words.

Quality time

Showing love by giving undivided attention and spending meaningful quality time together.

Receiving gifts

Demonstrating love through thoughtful and meaningful gifts, usually involves around both giving and receiving gifts.

Acts of service

Expressing love by performing acts of kindness and service for the other person.

Physical touch

Showing affection and love through physical touch, such as hugs, kisses, and holding hands.

These love languages help individuals understand how they prefer to give and receive love. The book also states that recognizing and speaking each other's love languages can strengthen relationships.

What are the financial love languages?

Taking the original pillars, we’ve created five money love languages to give you an idea of how you financially show up in relationships (family, love or otherwise). Whether you share a flat with your brother, a business with a friend, or a joint account with a partner, everyone will be able to relate to these financial love languages. Afterall, managing money in a positive light is the cornerstone of any healthy relationship.

The five financial love languages

There’s value in being attuned to your own patterns, and to those of the ones you love. By recognising your partner's money love language you might get a better objective of how to create more harmony in the relationship by understanding what drives them to spend money. Without further adieu, let’s get into the five money love languages.

Open communication

While there are few topics less pleasant to talk about than money, having open and honest communication when it comes to the benjamins is not only valuable but essential. Having the skill, or having honed the skill should we say, to speak about financial matters with a loved one is an accolade, and for some, the most natural money love language. These chats will likely make you feel empowered and more connected to those around you, making it easier to be on the same page.

Acts of service: money edition

While the original acts of service encompass doing things that make the lives of those you love a little easier, in this context acts of service relate to money-related tasks such as taxes or budgeting. Having someone do your taxes as an act of love might be a bit ambitious, so let’s look at alternatives. It could be organising the holiday budget or creating an action plan to get your friend out of debt, or simply fixing something for you in order to save you money.

Love in savings

While it doesn’t sound like the sexiest option, planning for the future and having financial security is an invaluable act of love. Whether through investments, retirement plans, or even an emergency fund, what doesn’t say “I love you” if not “let’s make a financial decision to grow old together.” Some people's love language is expressing affection through providing, so why not let them put their planning skills and diligence to the test and shower you with their love? It might even help you reach your financial goals that much faster.

Experiencing something together

This person’s money love language is expressing their fondness through experiences and quality time, spending money on taking a trip, going on an exciting date night, or simply a new adventure. Through investing in time and experiences, you are quite simply saying I value spending time with you more than I value monetary gains.

The art of gifting

The last money love language we have for you today centers around gift-giving. Are you someone who likes to shower friends with presents, or love to spoil your significant other with something wonderful? Then this one’s for you. While this shouldn’t ever involve draining your bank account, pouring your love (and money) into an appropriate gift is a great way to show affection. Remember, it’s often the thought that counts rather than the price tag.

Which is your money love language?

Which of these do you most resonate with? Sometimes by identifying these intrinsic needs, we are able to better understand not only ourselves but our expectations of others. Whatever your financial love language might be, be sure to pour the greatest amount of love into your own finances and steadily work toward reaching your financial goals. 

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Welcome to the delicious world of cookies! But hold on, we're not talking about those sweet treats you munch on during tea time. We're here to unveil the mysterious and oh-so-important cookies that exist on the vast landscape of the internet. 

These cookies aren't tangible, instead, they're small pieces of data that roam around cyberspace, shaping and enhancing your online experience. In this article, we break down what cookies are exactly and how they impact our online interactions. 

What are cookies?

These digital marvels play a vital role in enhancing our online experiences. So, what exactly are cookies and why does your computer store them?

When you're hopping from one website to another, your computer keeps a small file on behalf of each website you visit. This file is the cookie. The name "cookie" actually comes from a programming term called a magic cookie, coined by the programmer, Lou Montulli, and adds flavour to your online adventures.

But why do computers store these little files? Cookies help web servers remember you, ensuring a smooth and personalised browsing experience. Let's say you perform an action on a website, like switching to a dark mode or logging in with your credentials. Your computer takes note of this and saves the information in a cookie.

When you revisit that website in the future, your computer hands back the stored information from the cookie to the website. It's as if your computer is acting as a helpful assistant, reminding the website of your preferences, saved settings, and even items left in your virtual shopping cart.

The bottom line is that cookies are an integrated service that allow for a seamless and tailored browsing experience. 

The different types of cookies

As with its baked goods counterpart, not all cookies are created equal. Each type serves a unique purpose in enhancing your online experience. Here's a breakdown of the most common cookie varieties:

Session cookies

These are temporary cookies that exist only during your browsing session. They hold information about your activities on a website, ensuring smooth navigation. Once you close the browser, session cookies vanish, leaving no trace behind.

Persistent cookies

Unlike their transient cousins, persistent cookies stick around even after you close the browser. They store information like login details or preferences, making your return visits more personalised and convenient.

First-party cookies

These are created by the website you are visiting. They help to remember your preferences and settings, making your browsing experience smoother.

Third-party cookies

These cookies come from external sources, often embedded in the website you're visiting. They track your browsing habits, allowing advertisers to deliver targeted ads based on your interests.

Cookie consent and those pop-up banners

When you visit a website, you may have noticed those cookie consent banners or pop-ups that demand your attention. Turns out they are quite important. Implementing these notifications helps websites comply with data protection regulations and respect your privacy. 

They also play a vital role in helping users understand the importance of giving consent and being aware of how their data is used. So, next time you encounter a cookie consent banner, remember it's there to protect your rights and ensure transparency in the online world.

How cookies track and analyse your behaviour

Cookies have become a powerful tool for tracking and analysing user behaviour on websites. They enable website owners to gather valuable analytics data and gain insights into visitor patterns and preferences. 

By utilising cookies, website administrators can track the number of page views, monitor the time users spend on their site, and gain a deeper understanding of how visitors interact with different elements. This data helps them optimise their websites, improve user experience, and tailor content to suit audience preferences. 

On top of that, cookies also play a crucial role in targeted advertising, allowing marketers to display ads based on users' browsing habits and interests. So, the next time you encounter a personalised ad, you can thank those little, but mighty, cookies for their clever insights.

How you can manage your cookies

Managing and controlling useful cookies gives you more control over your online privacy. Through browser settings, you can choose to accept, reject, or delete cookies. Taking control of your cookie preferences allows you to customise your browsing experience and limit the data collected by websites. 

Additionally, various cookie management tools are available, making it easier to handle cookies across different websites. It's important to understand the implications of accepting or rejecting cookies, as it can affect website functionality, personalised experiences, and even the relevance of advertisements. Find the right balance that suits your privacy preferences and browsing needs.

Conclusion

In the vast realm of the internet, cookies are the unsung heroes that make our online experiences seamless and personalised. These small files, stored by our computers on behalf of websites, play a crucial role in remembering our preferences, settings, and actions. 

So, the next time you encounter a cookie consent banner or notice the personalisation of a website, you'll know it's all thanks to these small but mighty digital gems called cookies. 

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Η αύξηση των εκτιμήσεων δείχνει ότι η παγκόσμια οικονομία ενδέχεται να κατευθύνεται προς ύφεση το 2023. Αυτό συμβαίνει καθώς οι κυβερνήσεις σε όλο τον κόσμο εξακολουθούν να αντιμετωπίζουν αυξανόμενα χρέη και αργή οικονομική ανάπτυξη, παρά τα τεράστια πακέτα δημοσιονομικής στήριξης.

Στο μεταξύ, οι εταιρείες αντιμετωπίζουν εμπόδια από την αλλαγή στις προτιμήσεις των καταναλωτών, την τεχνολογική αναστάτωση και την κλιμάκωση των εμπορικών εντάσεων.

Όλοι αυτοί οι παράγοντες έχουν εντείνει τις ανησυχίες για το αν η τρέχουσα οικονομική επέκταση μπορεί να διατηρηθεί σε βάθος χρόνου. Παρακάτω εξετάζουμε την πιθανότητα μιας επερχόμενης οικονομικής ύφεσης και σας καθοδηγούμε για το πώς να προστατέψετε τις αποταμιεύσεις και τις επενδύσεις σας, αν έρθει μια τέτοια περίοδος.

Προχωράμε προς ύφεση το 2023;

Σύμφωνα με οικονομική έρευνα από την Bloomberg, οι οικονομολόγοι έχουν προβλέψει 70% πιθανότητα ύφεσης το επόμενο έτος, από 30% που ήταν η πρόβλεψη τον Ιούλιο του προηγούμενου έτους. Αν και δεν πρόκειται για τον τεχνικό ορισμό, η ύφεση συνήθως συμβαίνει μετά από δύο συνεχόμενα τρίμηνα αρνητικής οικονομικής ανάπτυξης, κάτι που είδαμε και πέρυσι.

Παρά τα επιτόκια και τον πληθωρισμό, η ζήτηση των καταναλωτών έχει μειωθεί. Μετά από δύο χρόνια ενίσχυσης των προσλήψεων, η δραστηριότητα αναζήτησης εργασίας υποχωρεί. Οι χρηματιστηριακές αγορές σημείωσαν πτώση περίπου 20% το 2022, με εκτιμήσεις που δείχνουν περαιτέρω πτώση το 2023. Παρόλο που αυτά τα στατιστικά ενδέχεται να προκαλούν πανικό, θυμηθείτε ότι οι υφέσεις είναι μέρος του φυσικού οικονομικού κύκλου.

Στην πραγματικότητα, υπήρξαν δεκατρείς υφέσεις από τον Β΄ Παγκόσμιο Πόλεμο, κάθε μία με μέση διάρκεια 10 μήνες, και όλες ανακάμπτουν. Με τις κατάλληλες προετοιμασίες, μια οικονομική ύφεση μπορεί να προκαλέσει ελάχιστη ζημιά στους οικονομικούς σας στόχους.

Πώς να επιβιώσετε από μια ύφεση με ελάχιστη ζημιά (υπόδειξη:ταμείο έκτακτης ανάγκης)

Πρώτον και κύριο, δημιουργήστε το ταμείο έκτακτης ανάγκης πριν η ύφεση γίνει πλήρως αισθητή. Αυτό συνεπάγεται την αποταμίευση χρημάτων για να δημιουργήσετε ποσό που να καλύπτει τρεις έως έξι μήνες εξόδων, το οποίο μπορείτε να χρησιμοποιήσετε για οποιοδήποτε απρόβλεπτο κόστος προκύψει κατά τη διάρκεια οικονομικής επιβράδυνσης. Η δημιουργία ενός ταμείου έκτακτης ανάγκης είναι ο πιο σίγουρος τρόπος για να προστατεύσετε τις επενδύσεις σας και να θωρακίσετε τα οικονομικά σας κατά την ύφεση.

Επιπλέον, οι ειδικοί συνιστούν να αναβάλλετε οποιαδήποτε μεγάλα έξοδα, ειδικά πολυτελή αγαθά, και να δημιουργήσετε (και να τηρήσετε) έναν προϋπολογισμό. Αναζητήστε χρήσιμες συμβουλές εξοικονόμησης χρημάτων και ενσωματώστε τες στην καθημερινή σας ζωή. Αυτές οι συμβουλές μπορεί να σας βοηθήσουν να εξοικονομήσετε χρήματα πέρα από την οικονομική αβεβαιότητα και να αντισταθμίσετε την αύξηση του κόστους ζωής. Σκεφτείτε δημιουργικούς τρόπους για να αντιμετωπίσετε την οικονομία και να μειώσετε τα έξοδα.

Πώς να διαχειριστείτε τα χρέη σε μια οικονομική κρίση

Αν έχετε σταθερή δουλειά, ξεκινήστε σήμερα κιόλας να αυξήσετε τις πληρωμές σας για να εξαλείψετε τα χρέη σας. Μην υποτιμάτε την ελευθερία που προσφέρει η απουσία χρεών, όχι μόνο οικονομικά αλλά και ψυχολογικά. Μόλις τα εξοφλήσετε, θα έχετε περισσότερο χώρο στο ισοζύγιό σας για να ανταπεξέλθετε στην αύξηση των επιτοκίων και του κόστους ζωής που συνήθως συνοδεύουν τις υφέσεις.

Αν χάσετε τη δουλειά σας, προσπαθήστε να ελαχιστοποιήσετε τις πληρωμές χρεών που δεν είναι απολύτως απαραίτητες και επικεντρωθείτε στο να έχετε αρκετά χρήματα για να καλύψετε τις τέσσερις βασικές ανάγκες: φαγητό, λογαριασμούς, στέγη και μεταφορές. Αν σας μείνουν χρήματα, βάλτε τα σε έναν λογαριασμό αποταμίευσης, ειδικά αν δεν έχετε δημιουργήσει ακόμη το ταμείο έκτακτης ανάγκης.

Ό,τι και αν γίνει, μην προσθέσετε περισσότερα χρέη. Τα χρέη με υψηλά επιτόκια θα κάνουν την κακή κατάσταση χειρότερη. Σκεφτείτε να συμβουλευτείτε έναν πιστοποιημένο οικονομικό σύμβουλο αν δεν είστε σίγουροι.

Πώς να θωρακίσετε τις αποταμιεύσεις σας από την ύφεση

Αν έχετε ακόμη τη δουλειά σας, συνεχίστε να αποταμιεύετε χρήματα και να χτίζετε τα διαθέσιμα μετρητά σας. Μην αφήσετε τις οικονομικές ύφεσεις να σας εμποδίσουν να προχωρήσετε προς τους οικονομικούς σας στόχους. Ιδανικά, έχετε δημιουργήσει το ταμείο έκτακτης ανάγκης για να καλύψετε προσωπικές ζημιές και να καλύψετε τα έξοδα διαβίωσής σας.

Αυτό σας επιτρέπει να καταθέτετε το συνηθισμένο ποσό αποταμίευσης σε έναν λογαριασμό που αποδίδει τόκους χωρίς να ανησυχείτε για το "τι θα γίνει αν". Τώρα είναι επίσης μια καλή στιγμή για να αναθεωρήσετε τον προϋπολογισμό σας και να κατανείμετε κάθε ευρώ σε μια σκοπούμενη κατεύθυνση.

Αν υπάρχουν χρήματα που περισσεύουν, βάλτε τα στις αποταμιεύσεις ή στον λογαριασμό συνταξιοδότησης. Αν όχι, αναθεωρήστε τον προϋπολογισμό σας για να δείτε πού μπορείτε να μειώσετε τα έξοδα και να γεμίσετε το "βάζο" της αποταμίευσης.

Πώς να διαχειριστείτε τις επενδύσεις σας στη χρηματιστηριακή αγορά κατά την ύφεση

Ο χρυσός κανόνας για τη διαχείριση των επενδύσεών σας κατά την ύφεση είναι να μην πουλήσετε με ζημιά. Ξανά και ξανά βλέπουμε επενδυτές να κάνουν συναλλαγές υπό τον φόβο, και τελικά να υποστούν μεγάλες ζημιές, ενώ οι συνάδελφοί τους που κράτησαν τα χρήματά τους στις χρηματιστηριακές αγορές βλέπουν εντυπωσιακές αποδόσεις όταν η οικονομία επιστρέψει στην κανονικότητα.

Θυμηθείτε: οι ζημιές γίνονται πραγματικές μόνο όταν αποσύρετε τα χρήματα από τις επενδύσεις σας. Αφήστε τα εκεί, καθώς όπως και κάθε οικονομικός κύκλος στην ιστορία, η κατάσταση θα βελτιωθεί. Και αν έχετε τα χρήματα, σκεφτείτε να επενδύσετε λίγο παραπάνω – οι τιμές της χρηματιστηριακής αγοράς θα είναι σε "εκπτώσεις".

Άλλη πολύτιμη συμβουλή είναι να μην κάνετε απότομες αλλαγές στη στρατηγική των επενδύσεών σας, εξετάστε την επένδυση ως μια μακροπρόθεσμη προσέγγιση. Κάποιοι μακροπρόθεσμοι επενδυτές ενσωματώνουν μετοχές από εταιρείες βασικών καταναλωτικών αγαθών στα χαρτοφυλάκιά τους ως στρατηγική για να ξεπεράσουν τις πτώσεις της αγοράς.

Επενδύοντας σε κεφάλαια όπως το Consumer Staples Select Sector SPDR Fund ή το Vanguard's Consumer Staples ETF, η ελπίδα είναι ότι η επιτυχία αυτών των κεφαλαίων θα αντισταθμίσει τις ζημιές από άλλες μετοχές του χαρτοφυλακίου.

Αποφύγετε τον φόβο και την αβεβαιότητα και προετοιμαστείτε

Ανεξάρτητα από την οικονομική κατάσταση που θα προκύψει, να είστε βέβαιοι ότι θα περάσει. Αν διαβάζετε αυτό το κείμενο, πιθανότατα έχετε περάσει από αρκετές υφέσεις στο παρελθόν και έχετε βγει νικητές. Μην αφήσετε καμία ανησυχία να σας εμποδίσει να προετοιμαστείτε για μια ύφεση – άλλωστε, αυτές οι συμβουλές για το πώς να θωρακίσετε τα οικονομικά σας είναι η καλύτερη ευκαιρία να βγείτε και πάλι στην κορυφή.

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Τι είναι το TradFi (παραδοσιακή χρηματοδότηση);

Ο όρος TradFi, δηλαδή traditional finance ή παραδοσιακή χρηματοδότηση, είναι σχετικά νέος και προέρχεται από τον χώρο των κρυπτονομισμάτων.

Προέρχεται από τη σύνθεση των λέξεων “traditional” και “finance” και χρησιμοποιείται για να περιγράψει το συμβατικό τραπεζικό και χρηματοπιστωτικό σύστημα, όπως είναι οι εμπορικές και επενδυτικές τράπεζες.

Το TradFi αναφέρεται σε θεσμούς και εταιρείες fintech που λειτουργούν στο υπάρχον χρηματοπιστωτικό σύστημα — δηλαδή σε κεντρικά οργανωμένες υπηρεσίες, οι οποίες ρυθμίζονται από κυβερνήσεις και βασίζονται κυρίως σε φυσική παρουσία (υποκαταστήματα, έγγραφα κ.λπ.).

Χαρακτηριστικά παραδείγματα TradFi πλατφορμών είναι οι JPMorgan Chase, Goldman Sachs, αλλά και fintech εταιρείες όπως το PayPal, το Square και το SoFi.

Ποια είναι τα πλεονεκτήματα του TradFi;

Οι επιχειρήσεις που προσφέρουν υπηρεσίες TradFi πρέπει να διαθέτουν ειδικές άδειες και διαπιστεύσεις, πράγμα που διασφαλίζει — τουλάχιστον σε θεωρητικό επίπεδο — τη νομιμότητα και την προστασία των πελατών τους.

Σε περιπτώσεις προβλημάτων, οι χρήστες μπορούν να καταθέσουν καταγγελία και να αναζητήσουν αποζημίωση, μέσω των αρμόδιων εποπτικών αρχών.

Η μεγάλη γραφειοκρατία και τα αυστηρά KYC (γνωρίζω τον πελάτη) και AML (κατά της νομιμοποίησης εσόδων από εγκληματικές δραστηριότητες) πρωτόκολλα καθιστούν δυσκολότερη τη δράση απατεώνων.

Το TradFi βοηθά επίσης τα κράτη να παρακολουθούν παράνομες συναλλαγές και επενδύσεις. Αντίθετα, στον χώρο του DeFi, οι συναλλαγές είναι πιο δύσκολο να ελεγχθούν, λόγω της ανωνυμίας που προσφέρει το blockchain.

Περιορισμοί του TradFi

Παρότι το παραδοσιακό σύστημα προσφέρει προστασία και δομή, παρουσιάζει και σημαντικά εμπόδια στην καινοτομία. Η υπερβολική ρύθμιση πολλές φορές περιορίζει την εξέλιξη νέων υπηρεσιών και αποκλείει μεγάλο μέρος του πληθυσμού από την πρόσβαση σε χρηματοπιστωτικά εργαλεία.

Στο μέλλον, αναμένεται ότι οι θεσμοί του TradFi θα χρειαστεί να συνεργαστούν με την τεχνολογία blockchain και τα κρυπτονομίσματα, ώστε να δημιουργηθεί ένα πιο προσβάσιμο και τεχνολογικά εξελιγμένο χρηματοπιστωτικό οικοσύστημα.

TradFi vs DeFi

Το DeFi (decentralized finance) είναι ένα αποκεντρωμένο χρηματοοικονομικό σύστημα, που δεν βασίζεται σε τράπεζες ή κρατικούς θεσμούς. Αντ’ αυτού, χρησιμοποιεί blockchain και smart contracts για την εκτέλεση συναλλαγών με peer-to-peer τρόπο.

Μία βασική διαφορά είναι ότι:

• Στο TradFi, τα χρήματα εκδίδονται και διαχειρίζονται από τις τράπεζες.
• Στο DeFi, τα κεφάλαια εκδίδονται από blockchain πρωτόκολλα και οι smart contracts διασφαλίζουν την ομαλή διεξαγωγή της συναλλαγής.

Επιπλέον, το DeFi είναι συχνά πιο προσβάσιμο, καθώς για τη συμμετοχή απαιτείται μόνο η κατάθεση εγγυήσεων (collateral). Αντίθετα, στο TradFi απαιτούνται αναλυτικές πληροφορίες για την οικονομική σας κατάσταση, πιστωτικοί έλεγχοι, και έγγραφα για KYC/AML.

Αν και η ψηφιοποίηση έχει βοηθήσει στο να ανοίξει το TradFi σε ευρύτερο κοινό, οι διαδικασίες παραμένουν πιο αυστηρές από ό,τι στο DeFi.

TradFi vs CeFi

Το CeFi (centralized finance) είναι κάτι σαν «γέφυρα» ανάμεσα στο TradFi και το DeFi. Συνδυάζει τη σταθερότητα του παραδοσιακού χρηματοσυστήματος με τις ευκαιρίες που προσφέρουν τα κρυπτονομίσματα.

Σε πλατφόρμες CeFi, μπορείτε να διαχειριστείτε λογαριασμούς crypto με παρόμοιο τρόπο όπως σε μια παραδοσιακή τράπεζα — ακόμα και να λάβετε δάνειο με εγγύηση τα crypto σας.

Η βασική διαφορά είναι ότι:

• Στο CeFi η γραφειοκρατία είναι ελάχιστη.
• Στο TradFi, η διαδικασία δανεισμού απαιτεί πλήθος εγγράφων και ελέγχων.

Ωστόσο, οι CeFi πλατφόρμες δεν προσφέρουν κρατική εγγύηση καταθέσεων, όπως κάνουν πολλές παραδοσιακές τράπεζες, κάτι που τις καθιστά πιο ριψοκίνδυνες.

Ποια είναι η θέση του TradFi στον κόσμο των crypto;

Για να παραμείνουν επίκαιροι, οι παραδοσιακοί θεσμοί καλούνται να υιοθετήσουν τις νέες τεχνολογίες. Σήμερα, το blockchain και τα ψηφιακά περιουσιακά στοιχεία βρίσκονται στην καρδιά μιας νέας οικονομικής επανάστασης.

Αν οι φορείς του TradFi θέλουν να διατηρήσουν τη σημασία τους στο μέλλον, θα πρέπει να ενσωματώσουν τα κρυπτονομίσματα στις υπηρεσίες τους.

Μάλιστα, επειδή το TradFi λειτουργεί υπό αυστηρό ρυθμιστικό πλαίσιο, η εισαγωγή των crypto σε αυτές τις πλατφόρμες ενδέχεται να επιταχύνει τη ρύθμιση των ψηφιακών νομισμάτων σε παγκόσμιο επίπεδο.

Παρόλο που προς το παρόν TradFi και crypto λειτουργούν παράλληλα, υπάρχουν σημαντικές ευκαιρίες για συνεργασία στους τομείς των δανείων, των επενδύσεων και των ασφαλειών. Ο συνδυασμός της αξιοπιστίας του TradFi και της καινοτομίας του DeFi μπορεί να οδηγήσει σε ένα πιο δίκαιο και αποδοτικό χρηματοοικονομικό σύστημα.

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Before you invest in any crypto projects or assets, the golden rule is to always do your own research (DYOR). Hearing about a new coin from your neighbor or cousin's friend on Facebook is great, but it still requires a sizable chunk of your own research. Before you part ways with your money in the crypto space ensure that you've weighed up both the risks and the potential, the responsibility lies with you.

Crypto investing has a track record of being volatile, so the more clued up you are on the crypto assets you invest in, the better. While market data and fundamental analysis are important, be sure to understand the basics of a project and the project's potential.

What is DYOR (do your own research) in the crypto space?

The holy grail of investing in crypto projects, DYOR has become a common abbreviation for do your own research. The phrase is used to remind crypto investors that they should conduct their own research on a crypto project thoroughly before investing any money in it.

Whether you're looking to buy crypto assets, tokens, NFTs, or in any way get involved with a crypto project, be sure to thoroughly investigate the following factors mentioned below when doing your own research. Don't be lured in by a project's fundamental analysis, ensure that you understand everything there is to know about the project. Crypto investing can have devastating consequences for uninformed investors.

The 4 dimensions of how to DYOR on a crypto project

Below we will outline the four main dimensions of conducting your own research on a new cryptocurrency. These four pillars will give crypto traders a solid understanding of what the project represents, how it's been received, and what might happen in the future. Be sure to do this before looking at any technical analysis.

Remember, doing your own research requires reading multiple sources and verifying that the information is correct. When conducting your own research you mind find some disputing information, continue looking until you have the accurate answer.

Team

First and foremost, who is the team running this project? This information is typically presented on the platform's website or in its whitepaper (it's imperative that a project has both of these).

Take a look at the size of the project team, a small team might fall apart if one of the three members leaves while an excessively large team might be a red flag if it is still in its early days.

Check the experience of the leaders on the team. Ideally, you want leaders and executives to have experience in blockchain, Web3, finance, business, computer science, or any other related fields. Also, consider whether their current titles match their experience.

Are the team entirely anonymous? This is considered a red flag as the potential for them to execute an exit run is high. Consider the leaders of the project carefully and decide whether they have the means to steer this ship in the right direction.

Tokenomics

Tokenomics refers to the factors related to the supply and demand of a coin or token. The term merges "token" and "economics" and provides a key area of study for potential investors when establishing a coin's long-term viability. Below are the main aspects of tokenomics:

• Token supply: what is the maximum supply of coins or tokens?
• Token utility: what is the purpose of the coin (does it have governance rights, does it serve a specific function)?
• Market cap: How does the coin's market cap compare to that of its competitors?
• Issuance tactics: does the project intend on conducting token burns or any related activities?
• Minting, allocation, and distribution: how are the coins minted (all at once, gradually), when launched how are the tokens distributed, do a small number of members hold a large amount, are any coins locked up that will be released to the market on a specific date?
• Trading volumes and liquidity: what kind of volumes does this coin trade and how much liquidity does it have?

Innovation

For this pillar of the project, you want to look at what problem this project is solving, and what edge it has over its competitors. It's also worth taking a look at the project's road map and whether it is delivering on its self-set milestones. No roadmap is a red flag, well-managed projects are transparent and eager to release their milestone accomplishments.

Ideally, you want to establish what solution this project is bringing to the greater industry and what competitive advantage this project holds over similar projects. Consider its weaknesses.

If you want to take things one step further, consider what the team might not be telling you, and what elements could work against the growth and success of the project.

Social

This might not seem essential, but social media platforms can offer significant insights into the project's community, achievements, and current state within the crypto space.

When conducting your crypto research check whether the project has active official social media channels, and how often these are updated.

Secondly, how big is their community both in terms of followers and engagement? Are people engaging with the platform or talking about it on their own channels? Community members can shed a big light on how the project has been received.

Lastly, what kind of discussions are being had within the community of these groups? Are people friendly and inviting, or are they blindly promoting the project and pushing "lambo" sentiments? Ideally, you want to have a space where open and honest discussions can be had and constructive criticism accepted.

Toxic communities along with shillers and abandoned channels are all red flags.

The bottom line for DYOR and crypto projects

Establishing these four dimensions of a project is important prior to investing any money. Not only does it give you the opportunity to learn about a new project, but also to become better acquainted with what is happening in the crypto space.

Through the process of conducting your own research, you might discover a viable gem or even gain access to exclusive airdrops as an early supporter. Bear markets are a great time for diving into DYOR explorations.

With inflation rates rising across the world, many are naturally looking to regain control of their funds. Affecting everyone from business owners to retirees, and even governments, inflation is the silent killer when it comes to deteriorating personal wealth. In this article, we explore what inflation is exactly, and how you can protect yourself from it. 

What is inflation?

Inflation is a term used to describe the gradual increase in the cost of goods and services in an economy, which results in the reduction of the purchasing power of your money. As goods and services rise in price, each unit of currency becomes able to buy less, thus reducing its purchasing power. Additionally to this, the rise in the cost of living tends to result in a deceleration in economic growth. 

Inflation can be felt far beyond just household goods like food. It is experienced across the board, from services like entertainment, labour, and healthcare to metals and fuel even in transportation and electricity. 

Two indexes used to measure inflation are the Consumer Price Index (CPI) and the Wholesale Price Index (WPI). CPI examines a basket of household goods and compares the overall prices to the prices registered the year before. Inflation is noted when the same amount of money cannot buy the same amount of goods as previously recorded. 

The WPI measures and tracks the price of goods at the producer or wholesale level. This observes the increases in prices from the foundation up, looking at the raw materials instead of the final product.

Following the pandemic, inflation rates have increased around the world. In some cases, inflation rates are the highest they've been in 30 years, bad news for people's savings and salaries.

According to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS), the Consumer Price Index For All Urban Consumers (CPI-U) recorded a 7.5% annual increase at the end of January 2022, the biggest increase to date since 1982. While, according to information available through the UK equivalent, the Office for National Statistics, a 12-month increase of 6.2% was observed in March 2022.

Inflation vs interest rates

Not to be confused with one another, inflation is the increase in the cost of living while interest rates determine how much money you can earn/pay as a lender/borrower. Inflation and interest rates typically rise and fall together, with an increase in one generally creating an increase in the other.

The different types of inflation

There are three main types of inflation which are categorised as demand-pull inflation, cost-push inflation, and built-in inflation. Below we outline the differences between the three.

Demand-pull Inflation

Demand-pull inflation is when an increased supply of money leads to an increased demand for goods and services at a pace faster than the economy's production capacity. The increased demand and limited supply result in price rises. 

Cost-push Inflation

Cost-push inflation is the result of increased costs of raw materials and production processes, leading to an increased price in the final product and other consumer prices. 

Built-in Inflation

Built-in inflation is created by a wage-price spiral where consumer prices rise leading workers to demand higher wages which in turn increases consumer prices. 

How to manage funds and navigate inflation

Inflation is an inevitable part of life, however, there are still ways in which one can protect their funds from deteriorating in value. 

Invest in stocks

Stock markets provide much better returns than traditional interest-bearing savings accounts. While managing the stock market is a relatively complicated endeavour and requires more energy, stocks, and ETFs can earn up to 7% annual returns which would both increase your capital and beat inflation.

Invest in property

Property prices tend to increase in value over time. While they require a substantial payment of capital, these can pay off in the long run. 

Invest in commodities

Precious metals like gold and silver, as well as agricultural products and energy resources, offer potential opportunities for preserving wealth during economic uncertainties.

In Conclusion

Managing inflation is integral to maintaining financial stability. Inflation is an inevitable part of the modern economy, however, there are ways to minimize its effects on your savings. Stocks, property, and commodities are all viable options to ensure your personal wealth is protected and growing. 

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Το Sandboxείναι πρωτοπόρος στην κίνηση για την ενσωμάτωση της τεχνολογίας blockchain στοντομέα των παιχνιδιών. Δημιουργήθηκε το 2011 και είναι ένα παιχνίδι play-to-earnπου επιτρέπει στους χρήστες να είναι ταυτόχρονα δημιουργοί και παίκτες, με τηδυνατότητα να κερδίζουν SAND tokens μέσω των in-game assets τους.
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Η πλατφόρμα βασίζεται στο token SAND, το οποίο αποτελεί τη βάση για όλες τιςσυναλλαγές και αλληλεπιδράσεις. Τα SAND tokens μπορούν να αποκτηθούν παίζονταςπαιχνίδια, πουλώντας ψηφιακά assets στην αγορά του Sandbox, συμμετέχοντας σεδιαγωνισμούς ή αγοράζοντας τα μέσω αξιόπιστων ανταλλακτηρίων.

Τι είναι ηπλατφόρμα The Sandbox;‍

Το Sandbox είναι ένα οικοσύστημα παιχνιδιών play-to-earn και metaverseβασισμένο στο Ethereum, που επιτρέπει στους παίκτες να δημιουργούν, ναμοιράζονται και να κερδίζουν από assets και gaming experiences στον εικονικόκόσμο. Η πλατφόρμα συνδυάζει τις δυνατότητες των αποκεντρωμένων αυτόνομωνοργανώσεων (DAO), του DeFi και των μη-εναλλάξιμων tokens (NFTs).

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Το metaverse του Sandbox προσφέρει στους παίκτες έναν χώρο για να αλληλεπιδρούνο ένας με τον άλλο και με τα παιχνίδια που έχουν δημιουργήσει.

Το Sandboxαποτελείται από τρία βασικά συστατικά:

1. VoxEdit: Επιτρέπει στους χρήστες να δημιουργούν και να κινούν 3D αντικείμενα στο     metaverse (π.χ. ζώα, ανθρώπους, εργαλεία). Αυτά τα αντικείμενα είναι     γνωστά ως ASSETS και χρησιμοποιούν το πρότυπο token ERC-1155, το οποίο     επιτρέπει τη δημιουργία τόσο εναλλάξιμων όσο και μη-εναλλάξιμων (NFTs)     αντικειμένων ταυτόχρονα.
2. The Sandbox Game Maker: Οι χρήστες μπορούν να δημιουργούν 3D     παιχνίδια δωρεάν.
3. The Sandbox Marketplace: Οι χρήστες μπορούν να πουλήσουν τα     ASSETS τους για SAND tokens.

Ποιοςδημιούργησε το The Sandbox;‍

Αρχικά, το Sandbox αναπτύχθηκε ως πλατφόρμα παιχνιδιών για κινητά από τηνPixowl το 2011, με στόχο να ανταγωνιστεί το Minecraft. Πολύ γρήγορα έγινεδημοφιλές, ξεπερνώντας τις 40 εκατομμύρια λήψεις παγκοσμίως. Ωστόσο, το 2018,οι συνιδρυτές Arthur Madrid και Sebastien Borget αποφάσισαν να εξερευνήσουν τιςδυνατότητες δημιουργίας ενός 3D metaverse στην blockchain.

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Η νέα και βελτιωμένη πλατφόρμα επιτρέπει στους χρήστες να κατέχουν πραγματικάτις δημιουργίες τους με τη μορφή NFTs και να κερδίζουν ανταμοιβές συμμετέχονταςστο οικοσύστημα. Η ομάδα του Sandbox παρουσίασε το νέο project το 2020, τοοποίο έγινε ένα από τα ταχύτερα αναπτυσσόμενα παιχνίδια στον κόσμο τωνκρυπτονομισμάτων, μαζί με τα Axie Infinity και Decentraland.

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Τον επόμενο χρόνο, η πλατφόρμα άντλησε 93 εκατομμύρια δολάρια και απέκτησεπερισσότερες από 50 αξιόπιστες συνεργασίες, συμπεριλαμβανομένων τωνCryptoKitties, Snoop Dogg και The Walking Dead.

Πώςλειτουργεί το The Sandbox;‍

Το Sandbox είναι ένας δυναμικός εικονικός κόσμος γεμάτος περιεχόμενο πουδημιουργείται από τους χρήστες. Οι παίκτες μπορούν να δημιουργούν και νααναπτύσσουν τα δικά τους NFTs, συμπεριλαμβανομένων avatars, εικονικών αγαθώνκαι ακόμη και παιχνιδιών, χρησιμοποιώντας το VoxEdit και το Game Maker τηςπλατφόρμας. Μπορούν επίσης να αλληλεπιδρούν με άλλους παίκτες και να κερδίζουναπό αυτά τα NFTs πουλώντας τα στην αγορά του Sandbox, χρησιμοποιώντας τα SANDtokens.

VoxEdit τουThe Sandbox:‍

Το VoxEdit προσφέρει στους καλλιτέχνες και τους παίκτες εύχρηστο λογισμικό γιατη δημιουργία, ρύθμιση και κίνηση NFTs. Τα NFTs είναι σε μορφή voxel,τετραγωνικά 3D pixels που μοιάζουν με μπλοκ Lego και μπορούν γρήγορα ναεπεξεργαστούν για τη δημιουργία διαφορετικών σχημάτων. Οι χρήστες μπορούν νασχεδιάσουν και να δημιουργήσουν από ζώα και εργαλεία παιχνιδιών μέχρι όπλα καιρούχα για avatars και οποιαδήποτε αγαθά που μπορεί να χρησιμοποιήσει κάποιοςστο Sandbox.
Όλα αυτά τα εικονικά αγαθά μπορούν στη συνέχεια να εξαχθούν και ναδιαπραγματευτούν ως NFTs στην αγορά του Sandbox για SAND tokens.

Game Makerτου The Sandbox:‍

Ο Game Maker έχει σχεδιαστεί για να επιτρέπει στους χρήστες να δοκιμάζουν τις3D δημιουργίες παιχνιδιών τους μέσα στο metaverse. Χωρίς να απαιτείταιπροηγούμενη εμπειρία προγραμματισμού, το πρόγραμμα επιτρέπει στους χρήστες νασχεδιάζουν και να οργανώνουν διάφορα αντικείμενα και στοιχεία σε έναν χώρο πουονομάζεται LAND (συμπεριλαμβανομένων των NFTs του VoxEdit).

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Ο Game Maker επιτρέπει στους χρήστες να δημιουργούν αποστολές, να τοποθετούνκτίρια και χαρακτήρες, να επεξεργάζονται εδάφη κ.λπ. Οι χρήστες μπορούν στησυνέχεια να μοιραστούν τα σχέδιά τους με την ευρύτερη κοινότητα ή να ταπουλήσουν στην αγορά του Sandbox.

Η αγορά τουSandbox:‍

Το οικοσύστημα του Sandbox διαθέτει τη δική του αγορά NFT, η οποία ξεκίνησε τονΑπρίλιο του 2021 και δημιουργεί έναν χώρο όπου οι χρήστες μπορούν ναανταλλάσσουν ASSETS (in-game assets) με το native token, το SAND token.
Τα ASSETS (NFTs) μπορεί να είναι οτιδήποτε, από wearable αντικείμενα μέχρικτίρια και οντότητες, και μπορούν να χρησιμοποιηθούν εντός της πλατφόρμας στοπαιχνίδι του Sandbox και να ενσωματωθούν στο LAND για τη δημιουργία μοναδικώνπαιχνιδιών χρησιμοποιώντας τον Game Maker. Η αγορά του Sandbox είναι προσβάσιμησε όλους τους χρήστες της πλατφόρμας.

Τι είναι ταSAND tokens;‍

Το Sandbox, γνωστό και ως SAND, είναι ένα ERC-20 token με προμήθεια 3δισεκατομμυρίων. Το token λειτουργεί ως utility token, governance token καιμπορεί να χρησιμοποιηθεί για staking.
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Το SAND ως utility token διευκολύνει όλες τις αλληλεπιδράσεις και συναλλαγέςεντός του οικοσυστήματος του Sandbox. Για να συμμετάσχουν στις διαθέσιμεςδραστηριότητες στην πλατφόρμα, από το να παίζουν παιχνίδια μέχρι το νααγοράσουν LAND, να ανταλλάσσουν ASSETS ή να προσαρμόζουν avatars, οι χρήστεςπρέπει να κατέχουν SAND. Τα LAND tokens είναι ERC-721 tokens ενώ τα ASSETSείναι NFTs που δημιουργούνται από τους χρήστες.
Το native token λειτουργεί επίσης ως governance token εντός του οικοσυστήματοςτου Sandbox, επιτρέποντας στους κατόχους SAND tokens να ψηφίζουν για αλλαγέςπου πραγματοποιούνται στην πλατφόρμα μέσω της δομής Sandbox DAO (DecentralizedAutonomous Organization).
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Τέλος, το token μπορεί να επενδυθεί στην πλατφόρμα, επιτρέποντας στους κατόχουςνα κερδίζουν ανταμοιβές και ένα μερίδιο στα έσοδα από όλες τις συναλλαγές SAND.Το staking προσφέρει το επιπλέον πλεονέκτημα να αυξήσει τις πιθανότητες τωνχρηστών να βρουν πολύτιμους πόρους παιχνιδιών που σχεδιάστηκαν για να αυξήσουντη σπανιότητα των ASSETS, γνωστούς ως GEMs και CATALYSTs. Αυτά είναι πολύτιμαγια τη δημιουργία assets και τη συμμετοχή σε παιχνίδια.
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Υπάρχουν δύο τρόποι για να αποκτήσετε SAND: είτε παίζοντας παιχνίδια καιδιαγωνισμούς στο The Sandbox, είτε αγοράζοντας το σε μια πλατφόρμακρυπτονομισμάτων όπως το Tap.

Πώς μπορώνα αγοράσω το SAND token;‍

Για όσους θέλουν να ενσωματώσουν το The Sandbox στο κρυπτοπορτοφόλι τους ή ναεισέλθουν στον τομέα των metaverse παιχνιδιών, έχουμε καλά νέα. Η εφαρμογή Tapπρόσφατα πρόσθεσε το SAND στη λίστα των υποστηριζόμενων νομισμάτων,επιτρέποντας σε οποιονδήποτε έχει λογαριασμό Tap να αποκτήσει εύκολα καιγρήγορα πρόσβαση στην αγορά του Sandbox.
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Οι χρήστες μπορούν να αγοράσουν SAND χρησιμοποιώντας υπόλοιπα από τα πορτοφόλιακρυπτονομισμάτων ή νομισματικών τους λογαριασμών ή με την κάρτα τους. Επίσης,μπορούν να αγοράσουν το κρυπτονόμισμα με παραδοσιακές πληρωμές, όπως τραπεζικέςμεταφορές. Μέσω των ενσωματωμένων πορτοφολιών στην πλατφόρμα, οι χρήστεςμπορούν επίσης να αποθηκεύουν και να διαχειρίζονται τα holdings τους σε SAND μεευκολία.

ΑποποίησηΕυθύνης:‍

Το άρθρο αυτό παρέχεται για γενικές πληροφορίες και δεν προορίζεται νααποτελέσει νομική, οικονομική ή άλλη επαγγελματική συμβουλή ή σύστασηοποιουδήποτε είδους. Δεν πρέπει να βασίζεστε ή να το αντιμετωπίζετε ωςυποκατάστατο για εξειδικευμένη συμβουλή που σχετίζεται με συγκεκριμένεςπεριστάσεις. Δεν παρέχουμε καμία εγγύηση ή δήλωση σχετικά με το περιεχόμενο τουάρθρου (συμπεριλαμβανομένων, χωρίς περιορισμό, της ποιότητας, ακρίβειας,πληρότητας ή καταλληλότητας για συγκεκριμένο σκοπό αυτού του περιεχομένου), ήοποιουδήποτε άλλου υλικού που αναφέρεται ή αποκτάται μέσω υπερσυνδέσμων στοάρθρο.

Ανγνωρίζετε κάτι για την τρέλα των NFT στο χώρο της κρυπτονομισμάτων, πιθανόταταέχετε ακούσει για το εξαιρετικά επιτυχημένο Bored Ape Yacht Club (BAYC).Επεκτείνοντας αυτή την ιδέα, υπάρχει το οικοσύστημα ApeCoin, ένα κρυπτονόμισμαπου τοποθετείται στην αιχμή του Web3. Το ApeCoin ελέγχεται από το ApeCoin DAO,μια αποκεντρωμένη αυτόνομη οργάνωση στην οποία όλοι οι κάτοχοι APE μπορούν ναγίνουν μέλη.

Τι είναι τοοικοσύστημα ApeCoin;

Το ApeCoinείναι ένα ERC-20 utility και governance token που χρησιμοποιείται εντός τουοικοσυστήματος APE. Οι θεμελιώδεις ρίζες του ApeCoin βρίσκονται στη σειρά NFTBored Ape Yacht Club (BAYC), μια δημιουργία της Web3 εταιρείας Yuga Labs.

Απολαμβάνονταςιογενή επιτυχία και θεωρούμενο ίσως μία από τις πιο επιτυχημένες συλλογές NFTμέχρι σήμερα, τα 10.000 μοναδικά σχέδια BAYC απέκτησαν καθεστώς λατρείας ότανοι τιμές τους εκτοξεύθηκαν και μεγάλες διασημότητες άρχισαν να τα αγοράζουν.Μέχρι σήμερα, το πιο ακριβό NFT BAYC που πωλήθηκε άγγιξε τα 3,4 εκατομμύριαδολάρια.

Το ApeCoin,το ανταλλάξιμο token, και ένας αριθμός προϊόντων και υπηρεσιών αποτελούν τοοικοσύστημα ApeCoin. Το νόμισμα διέπεται από το ApeCoin DAO, του οποίου όλοι οικάτοχοι token είναι επιλέξιμοι να γίνουν μέλη. Το ApeCoin DAO παίρνει αποφάσειςγια θέματα όπως κανόνες διακυβέρνησης, συνεργασίες, έργα, κατανομές τουEcosystem Fund και άλλα. Το Ecosystem Fund στηρίζει πρωτοβουλίες πουκαθοδηγούνται από την κοινότητα και κατείχε το 62% της προσφοράς του ApeCoinκατά την εκκίνηση του.

Το Απρίλιοτου 2022, η Yuga Labs ξεκίνησε την εξόρυξη εικονικής γης στο metaverseOtherside, χρησιμοποιώντας το ApeCoin ως μέσο πληρωμής. Το ApeCoinχρησιμοποιείται για να διευκολύνει όλες τις συναλλαγές σε αυτόν τον εικονικόκόσμο.

Ποιοςδημιούργησε το ApeCoin;

Το ApeCoinδημιουργήθηκε από την Yuga Labs, εμπνευσμένο από το έργο Bored Ape Yacht Club.Υποστηριζόμενο από το Ape Foundation, το ApeCoin διέπεται από το ApeCoin DAO,το οποίο δημιουργεί ένα πλαίσιο για διαδικασίες διακυβέρνησης χωρίςπεριορισμούς. Αυτά τα αποκεντρωμένα πλαίσια εξουσίας είναι σχεδιασμένα ναδημιουργούν ένα δίκαιο και περιεκτικό οικοσύστημα, μέσα στο οποίο το νόμισμαμπορεί να ανθίσει.

Μέσα στοApe Foundation υπάρχει ένα διοικητικό συμβούλιο, γνωστό ως το"Board", το οποίο είναι υπεύθυνο για την υλοποίηση των αποφάσεων πουλαμβάνονται από τα μέλη του ApeCoin DAO. Αυτό το συμβούλιο εκλέγεται ετησίωςαπό τα μέλη του ApeCoin DAO και δεν ελέγχεται από την Yuga Labs.

Πώςλειτουργεί το ApeCoin;

Το ApeCoinπαρέχει στους κατόχους του πρόσβαση σε αποκλειστικά παιχνίδια και υπηρεσίεςεντός του οικοσυστήματος Ape και μπορεί να χρησιμοποιηθεί για συναλλαγές στοmetaverse Otherside. Επίσης, λειτουργεί ως εργαλείο μέσω του οποίου οι τρίτοιπρογραμματιστές μπορούν να εισέλθουν στο οικοσύστημα Ape ενσωματώνοντας το APEστα δικά τους έργα, παιχνίδια και υπηρεσίες.

Η AnimocaBrands, για παράδειγμα, δημιούργησε ένα παιχνίδι play-to-earn (P2E) με τηνονομασία Benji Bananas που χρησιμοποιεί το ApeCoin, ενθαρρύνοντας καιανταμείβοντας τους παίκτες με APE.

Από τηνπλευρά της διακυβέρνησης, οι κάτοχοι APE μπορούν να γίνουν μέλη του ApeCoinDAO, το οποίο ψηφίζει για αποφάσεις που επηρεάζουν τη λειτουργία και τηνανάπτυξη του οικοσυστήματος. Αυτές οι αποφάσεις μπορεί να αφορούν συνεργασίες ήπώς κατανεμηθούν τα κεφάλαια. Στη συνέχεια, αυτές οι αποφάσεις υλοποιούνται απότο ApeCoin Foundation, το οποίο αποτελείται από το 5μελές Συμβούλιο πουλειτουργεί ως νομικός εκπρόσωπος του DAO.

Τι είναι ταAPE tokens;

Το ApeCoin(APE) είναι ένα ERC-20 token συμβατό με το blockchain του Ethereum καιοποιοδήποτε υποστηριζόμενο πορτοφόλι. Το coin κυκλοφόρησε τον Μάρτιο του 2022,με όλα τα 1 δισεκατομμύριο tokens να εκδίδονται ταυτόχρονα. Κατά την εξόρυξήτου, το 62% των νομισμάτων κατανέθηκαν στο Ecosystem Fund, το οποίο στησυνέχεια κατανέμεται σε κοινωφελή έργα βάσει των αποφάσεων του Ape DAO. Το30,25% απελευθερώθηκε στην κυκλοφορία για να ασχοληθεί η κοινότητα.

Πώς μπορώνα αγοράσω το APE token;

Αν θέλετενα γίνετε κάτοχος ApeCoin ή να ενσωματώσετε το APE στο χαρτοφυλάκιό σας,μπορείτε να το κάνετε εύκολα μέσω της εφαρμογής Tap. Μέσω του λογαριασμού σας,μπορείτε να αποκτήσετε πρόσβαση στην αγορά APE χρησιμοποιώντας μια ποικιλίαυποστηριζόμενων κρυπτονομισμάτων και νομισμάτων fiat.

Ότανφορτώνετε τον λογαριασμό σας με fiat, όλες οι τραπεζικές μεταφορές είναιδωρεάν, και μόλις έχετε θετικό υπόλοιπο, οι χρήστες μπορούν να χρησιμοποιούν τακεφάλαια για να πληρώνουν λογαριασμούς εντός και εκτός του οικοσυστήματοςκρυπτονομισμάτων, απευθείας από την εφαρμογή. Αγοράστε, πουλήστε, αποθηκεύστεκαι ανταλλάξτε APE από τον ασφαλή χώρο της εφαρμογής Tap.

ΑποποίησηΕυθυνών

Αυτό τοάρθρο παρέχεται για γενικούς πληροφοριακούς σκοπούς και δεν προορίζεται νααποτελέσει νομική, χρηματοοικονομική ή άλλη επαγγελματική συμβουλή, ούτεσύσταση οποιουδήποτε είδους και δεν πρέπει να θεωρείται υποκατάστατοσυγκεκριμένων συμβουλών για συγκεκριμένες περιστάσεις. Δεν παρέχουμε καμίαεγγύηση, δήλωση ή δέσμευση για το περιεχόμενο αυτού του άρθρου(συμπεριλαμβανομένων, χωρίς περιορισμό, της ποιότητας, ακρίβειας, πληρότητας ήκαταλληλότητας για οποιονδήποτε συγκεκριμένο σκοπό), ή οποιουδήποτε άλλουυλικού που αναφέρεται ή προσπελάζεται μέσω υπερσυνδέσμων σε αυτό το άρθρο. Δενπαρέχουμε καμία δήλωση, εγγύηση ή διαβεβαίωση, είτε ρητή είτε υπονοούμενη, ότιτο περιεχόμενο στον ιστότοπό μας είναι ακριβές, πλήρες ή ενημερωμένο.

Τι είναι το Axie Infinity (AXS);

Το Axie Infinity είναι ένα video game βασισμένο στο blockchain που επιτρέπει στους παίκτες να αναθρέφουν, να εκπαιδεύουν, να μάχονται και να ανταλλάσσουν φανταστικά πλάσματα που ονομάζονται Axies. Εμπνευσμένο από δημοφιλή franchise όπως το Pokémon και το Tamagotchi, το παιχνίδι φέρνει NFTs (μη ανταλλάξιμα tokens) στον κόσμο του gaming.

Στην Tap υποστηρίζουμε πλέον και το AXS token, χάρη στον υψηλό όγκο συναλλαγών του, το φιλόδοξο project που το συνοδεύει και τη δυναμική κοινότητά του. Το Axie Infinity έχει εξελιχθεί σε σημείο αναφοράς για τον χώρο των play-to-earn παιχνιδιών.

Ποιοι δημιούργησαν το Axie Infinity;

Το παιχνίδι ιδρύθηκε το 2018 από τον Trung Nguyen και τον Aleksander Larsen, υπό την ομπρέλα του στούντιο Sky Mavis με έδρα το Βιετνάμ. Σημαντικό ρόλο στην τεχνική υποδομή του project έχει ο Viet Anh Ho, CTO της εταιρείας.

Το project έχει προσελκύσει μεγάλους επενδυτές όπως ο Mark Cuban και έχει αντλήσει εκατομμύρια σε γύρους χρηματοδότησης – με την τελική φάση στο Binance Launchpad να συγκεντρώνει σχεδόν 3 εκατομμύρια δολάρια.

Πώς λειτουργεί το Axie Infinity;

Στο Axie Infinity, κάθε Axie είναι μοναδικό NFT με χαρακτηριστικά που επηρεάζουν τις επιδόσεις του στο παιχνίδι. Τα Axies χωρίζονται σε κατηγορίες όπως Aquatic, Beast, Bird, Plant, Bug και Reptile, ενώ υπάρχουν και “μυστικές” κατηγορίες όπως Mech και Dusk. Κάθε Axie έχει 6 μέρη σώματος και διαφορετικά στατιστικά: Υγεία, Ηθικό, Ικανότητα και Ταχύτητα.

Οι παίκτες μπορούν:

• Να συμμετέχουν σε μάχες (Arena Mode, Adventure Mode, αποστολές).
• Να αποκτούν SLP tokens ως ανταμοιβή.
• Να εκτρέφουν Axies, με περιορισμό έως 7 φορές ανά Axie. Το breeding απαιτεί AXS και SLP.

Επιπλέον, υπάρχει και το Axie Marketplace, όπου οι παίκτες αγοράζουν και πωλούν Axies, καθώς και τα Lunacias, τα εικονικά «οικόπεδα» στο σύμπαν του παιχνιδιού.

Τι είναι το Axie Infinity Shards (AXS);

Το AXS είναι το βασικό token του παιχνιδιού. Χρησιμοποιείται:

• Ως μέσο πληρωμών μέσα στο παιχνίδι.
• Ως token διακυβέρνησης, επιτρέποντας στους κατόχους να συμμετέχουν στις αποφάσεις της κοινότητας.
• Ως εργαλείο staking (στο άμεσο μέλλον).

Παράλληλα, το SLP χρησιμοποιείται αποκλειστικά για το breeding και έχει αποκτήσει αξία τόσο εντός όσο και εκτός του παιχνιδιού.

Μπορώ να κερδίσω χρήματα παίζοντας Axie Infinity;

Το Axie Infinity είναι από τα πρώτα παιχνίδια που άνοιξαν τον δρόμο για το λεγόμενο play-to-earn μοντέλο. Οι παίκτες μπορούν να αποκτούν έσοδα με τρεις βασικούς τρόπους:

1. Πώληση SLP

Κερδίζεις SLP συμμετέχοντας σε μάχες, αποστολές και καθημερινές δραστηριότητες. Τα SLP μπορούν να πωληθούν σε αγορές NFT ή να ανταλλαχθούν σε crypto exchanges.

2. Breeding σπάνιων Axies

Η εκτροφή Axies με μοναδικά χαρακτηριστικά μπορεί να αποδειχθεί ιδιαίτερα προσοδοφόρα. Ένα Axie μπορεί να πωληθεί από 200 έως… δεκάδες χιλιάδες δολάρια. Ένα από τα πιο σπάνια Axies πουλήθηκε έναντι $120.000.

3. AXS staking (σύντομα διαθέσιμο)

Το staking θα επιτρέπει στους χρήστες να κερδίζουν ανταμοιβές διατηρώντας AXS σε συμβόλαια staking.

Πώς να αγοράσω AXS;

Μπορείς να αγοράσεις AXS εύκολα μέσω της εφαρμογής Tap. Δημιούργησε έναν λογαριασμό, ολοκλήρωσε τη γρήγορη επαλήθευση και αγόρασε AXS με κάρτα ή μέσω ανταλλαγής άλλων κρυπτονομισμάτων.

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A platform every sports fan needs to know about, Chiliz is the number one place to go for sports-related fan tokens. CHZ is the token behind the platform, and the platform is the gateway for fans to tap into unique experiences with their favorite sports team. 

What Is The Chiliz Network?

Chiliz is the company that owns Socios.com, CHZ is the token that fuels the platform. Through the Socios NFT marketplace, traders can buy their favorite fan tokens, using CHZ to facilitate all transactions. 

Built on Ethereum, Chiliz provides users with an opportunity to buy branded NFT tokens using the ERC-20 and BEP-20 CHZ tokens. Fans can also earn NFTs through contests or exchange them for team-specific merchandise and benefits. Some fan tokens reward fans with access to meet the players and vote on club decisions. The platform currently supports over 50 different sports and entertainment-specific fan tokens.

Leveraging blockchain technology, Socios directly engages fans with the team/entertainer, a step up from just watching games or buying team merchandise. Chiliz allows each team that partners with them to design unique experiences for their Fan Token holders. These Fans Tokens also give the holder sway over decisions usually left up to the team, like what songs play when a goal is scored, new uniform designs, and even which players start in some games.

Additionally, Chiliz helps sports franchises make money from fans in new ways, while providing unique experiences to their most loyal supporters.

Who Created The Chiliz Network?

Chiliz was founded in 2012 by Alexander Dreyfus, its acting CEO. The company falls under the Mediarex Group, an international sports and entertainment organization, and holds esteemed partners including Sam Li, former Vice President of the NBA, Nicolas Maurer, CEO of esports team Vitality, and Dr. DisRespect, one of the world’s largest video game streamers.

In 2018, the blockchain-based Socios platform was launched, alongside the CHZ token. Following funding of $66 million by Private Placement in 2019, the platform launched its website and app. Today, the company also has offices in France, Turkey, Spain, South Korea, and Brazil.

How Does The Chiliz Network Work?

The CHZ token can be used on both the Ethereum blockchain as an ERC20 token and on the Binance Smart Chain as a BEP2 token. Fans looking to engage on the platform can buy CHZ tokens from Chiliz.net, the platform's own exchange, or from other cryptocurrency platforms like Tap.

Users can then purchase Fan Tokens using CHZ from the Socios marketplace. The platform supports a wide range of sporting teams, from Formula 1 teams to FC Barcelona to Golden State Warriors basketball team. Each team that partners with the platform can dictate the fan tokens prices, distribution and supply as well as unique opportunities they wish to give to fans. Based on the token's performance, they can be burned in order to make a winning team's tokens more valuable. 

As an example of the privileges offered with fan tokens: for eight years, the Juventus soccer club played Chelsea Dagger in the stadium whenever the team scored a goal. Recently, however, fan token holders chose Blur's Song 2 as the new victory song, and Juventus made the switch. The more fan tokens one holds, the bigger their vote.

The blockchain network is built on Ethereum and uses a Socios sidechain to create and verify all fan tokens. This process utilizes the Proof of Authority (PoA) consensus mechanism which relies on a small group of authorized verifiers. This consensus model leans towards business structures looking to be scalable and efficient.

Chiliz is also partnered with the decentralized oracle network Chainlink, through which it creates unique non-fungible tokens (NFTs). These NFTs are used to celebrate special events such as championships or player milestones.

What Is CHZ?

CHZ is compatible with both the Ethereum and Binance Smart Chain platforms. The token is used as a medium of exchange on the Socios platform, allowing fans to buy Fan Tokens. 

There is a maximum supply of 8,888,888,888 CHZ in existence, and at the time of writing roughly 70% are in circulation. 

Where Can I Get CHZ?

Users can simply buy /sell CHZ through the Tap app, one of the most secure solutions in the crypto space. Using a range of cryptocurrencies and fiat currencies on offer, users can exchange any of the supported currencies to build a healthy portfolio that can be safely stored in the unique wallet linked to the account. Find links to download the app from the Tap website.

MKR, the governance token fueling the network, comes from the same platform that created DAI, the algorithmic stablecoin soft-pegged to the US dollar. MKR serves both the decentralized autonomous organization, MakerDAO, and the software platform, Maker Protocol, both built on the Ethereum blockchain. These two platforms generate DAI and allow users to issue and manage the DAI stablecoin. 

What is Maker (MKR)?

Developed in 2015 and officially launched in December 2017, Maker is a revolutionary project that was built to host and generate DAI, a community-managed cryptocurrency that has its value soft pegged to the US dollar. The MakerDAO forms part of the larger Maker Protocol which allows DAI to maintain its value and operate without the need for a third party. The Maker Protocol requires both tokens to operate: DAI and MKR. 

To understand MKR, one must first be familiar with the DAI stablecoin. DAI serves as a loan option for borrowers, with the platform allowing users to take out a loan in DAI tokens by locking another cryptocurrency, such as ETH. When the borrower pays back the DAI that was borrowed, they are able to reclaim the collateral used for their loan. However, if its value drops below a predefined level it could automatically be sold off.

The Maker ecosystem is one of the first DeFi projects to enter the market, years before the movement took off. The DeFi sector revolves around providing decentralized financial products powered by smart contracts to the masses. 

Though the DAI stablecoin is best known as a service offered by the Maker Protocol, the MKR token is actually the crypto asset that secures changes to maintain its functioning. The governance token MKR gives holders voting rights over the Maker Protocol's development, such as what cryptocurrencies can be accepted as collateral and the price at which these assets will be sold if liquidation is to occur. The MKR price appreciates in value based on the success of DAI. 

The Maker protocol accepts a range of cryptocurrencies, including ETH, MANA, and BAT, as collateral.

Who created the Maker platform?

Established in 2015, the Maker Protocol was developed by a team of tech-savvy developers spearheaded by Rune Christensen. As time progressed, this collective eventually organized and formed into an official entity known as the Maker Foundation, a corporation located in the Cayman Islands.

In 2017, the Maker team raised a remarkable $12 million in funding by selling MKR tokens to some of the most influential venture capital firms at the time including Andreessen Horowitz, Polychain Capital, and 1Confirmation. A year later, another $15 million worth of MKR tokens were bought by Andreessen Horowitz, who expressed the intention to help govern the DAI system by participating in the MakerDAO. 

In 2019, the project raised another $27.5 million from venture firms Paradigm and Dragonfly Capital Partners for expansion to Asia. 

How does the Maker Protocol work?

When the Maker Protocol launched, 1 million MKR tokens were created. These tokens gave holders voting rights on key decisions through a process called Executive Voting.

First, the sentiment of MKR holders is measured on a new proposal through Proposal Polling before committing any changes to the software. The Executive Vote then takes place, and once the highest amount of MKR token holders commits to a proposal and the vote is passed, the winning proposal is implemented into the Maker Protocol. The number of tokens holds more president than the number of token holders, i.e. 10 holders with 1,000 tokens each will outvote 100 token holders with 50 tokens each. 

Non-MKR holders also have the opportunity to participate in the vote via threads in the MakerDAO forum however the MKR holders have the final say.

DAI Savings Rate

MKR holders also have a say in how much DAI holders can earn if they save DAI tokens on the platform, known as the DAI Savings Rate. In previous years this amount has varied between 0% and 8.75%. Following the recent market crash, MKR holders voted to make the DAI Savings Rate zero to encourage holders to sell their DAI and bring the price back into equilibrium.

When the DAI price drops below $1, MKR holders can vote to raise the DAI Savings Rate to encourage more users to hold DAI which increases the price.

What is MKR?

MKR is an ERC-20 token and acts as a governance and utility token to the Maker Protocol with no fixed supply. The token gains value as the use of the Maker Protocol increases as the supply is reduced when the Protocol is working effectively and increased when governed poorly. MKR tokens are created or destroyed through surplus auctions and debt auctions.

Surplus Auctions

The Maker system holds a Surplus Auction when the fees collected exceed an amount decided by MKR holders. DAI that surpasses this threshold must be purchased with MKR in order to settle the auction. This MKR is then destroyed reducing the total supply and thus increasing the token price.

Debt Auctions

Conversely, if the Maker system is underperforming its locked coins are sold for a lower value than before, causing it to raise capital via a Debt Auction. Through this process, new MKR tokens are created and auctioned for DAI. This in turn increases the MKR tokens and reduces the price. 

In this light, MKR holders are incentivized to keep the platform performing optimally in order for it to generate more fees and thereby reduce the MKR supply.

How can I buy Maker (MKR) tokens?

Anyone looking to add Maker MKR tokens to their crypto portfolio can securely purchase Maker tokens through the Tap app. The mobile app allows anyone with an account to conveniently and safely purchase cryptocurrencies through an effortless trading experience. 

Users can buy /sell Maker MKR tokens using both crypto or fiat currencies, and safely store the tokens in the unique crypto wallet integrated into the app. Download the Tap app today to tap into the Maker ecosystem today.

We are delighted to announce the listing and support of Maker (MKR) on Tap!

MKR is now available for trading on the Tap mobile app. You can now Buy, Sell, Trade or hold MKR for any of the other asset supported on the platform without any pair boundaries. Tap is pair agnostic, meaning you can trade any asset for any other asset without having to worries if a "trading pair" is available.

We believe supporting MKR will provide value to our users. We are looking forward to continue supporting new crypto projects with the aim of providing access to financial power and freedom for all.

MKR, the governance token fueling the network, comes from the same platform that created DAI, the algorithmic stablecoin soft-pegged to the US dollar. MKR serves both the decentralized autonomous organization, MakerDAO, and the software platform, Maker Protocol, both built on the Ethereum blockchain. These two platforms generate DAI and allow users to issue and manage the DAI stablecoin.

MKR is an ERC-20 token and acts as a governance and utility token to the Maker Protocol with no fixed supply. The token gains value as the use of the Maker Protocol increases as the supply is reduced when the Protocol is working effectively and increased when governed poorly. MKR tokens are created or destroyed through surplus auctions and debt auctions.

Get to know more about Maker (MKR) in our dedicated article here.

Το UNI είναι το εγγενές token του Uniswap, του αυτοματοποιημένου ανταλλακτηρίου κρυπτονομισμάτων που βασίζεται στο Ethereum. Ένας βασικός "παίκτης" στον χώρο του DeFi, το Uniswap έχει ταυτιστεί με τις αποκεντρωμένες συναλλαγές και το αυτόματο trading token του αποκεντρωμένου χρηματοοικονομικού τομέα (DeFi).

Σε αυτό το άρθρο, εξερευνούμε την πορεία του, τα χαρακτηριστικά του, και τον ρόλο του στην αγορά κρυπτονομισμάτων.

Τι είναι το Uniswap (UNI);

Όπως αναφέραμε, το Uniswap είναι ένα αποκεντρωμένο ανταλλακτήριο που επιτρέπει την αυτόματη διαπραγμάτευση περιουσιακών στοιχείων DeFi. Αντί να διαχειρίζεται τις συναλλαγές μια ομάδα υπαλλήλων, η πλατφόρμα βασίζεται αποκλειστικά σε smart contracts, πηγαίνοντας ένα βήμα πέρα από την αποκεντρωμένη φιλοσοφία του Bitcoin.

Το Uniswap δημιουργήθηκε για να προσφέρει ρευστότητα στον χώρο του DeFi και δίνει τη δυνατότητα σε οποιονδήποτε να δημιουργήσει μια "δεξαμενή ρευστότητας" για οποιοδήποτε ζεύγος ψηφιακών περιουσιακών στοιχείων. Μετά το λανσάρισμά του στα τέλη του 2018, η πλατφόρμα γνώρισε εκρηκτική ανάπτυξη με την άνοδο του DeFi κινήματος.

Παρά την τεχνική φύση της διαδικασίας, χρήστες από όλο τον κόσμο συμμετείχαν ενεργά. Με την αύξηση του ενδιαφέροντος για liquidity mining και yield farming, το Uniswap γνώρισε σημαντική αύξηση στη ρευστότητα και τις συναλλαγές στην πλατφόρμα.

Σε αντίθεση με τα κεντρικοποιημένα ανταλλακτήρια, το Uniswap προσφέρει πρόσβαση σε όλους, χωρίς απαίτηση επαλήθευσης ταυτότητας. Οι χρήστες μπορούν να ανταλλάξουν πληθώρα token, ανάλογα με τη διαθέσιμη ρευστότητα στις δεξαμενές.

Ποιος δημιούργησε το Uniswap;

Το Uniswap δημιουργήθηκε από τον Hayden Adams, έναν προγραμματιστή του Ethereum. Ο Adams συνεργάστηκε στενά με τον ιδρυτή του Ethereum, Vitalik Buterin, για την ανάπτυξη του πρωτοκόλλου.

Σύμφωνα με τον Adams, η ιδέα για την πλατφόρμα γεννήθηκε μετά από μια δημοσίευση του Buterin. Μέσα σε σύντομο χρονικό διάστημα, το πρωτόκολλο εξελίχθηκε σε έναν από τους σημαντικότερους παράγοντες αλλαγής στον χρηματοοικονομικό τομέα.

Πώς λειτουργεί το Uniswap;

Ένα από τα ιδιαίτερα χαρακτηριστικά του Uniswap είναι το Constant Product Market Maker Model. Αντί να καθορίζεται η τιμή ενός token από την αντιστοίχιση αγοραστή και πωλητή, η τιμή υπολογίζεται μέσω μιας σταθερής εξίσωσης (x * y = k).

Για να προσθέσει κάποιος ένα token στο Uniswap, πρέπει να το χρηματοδοτήσει με ισόποση αξία σε ETH και στο αντίστοιχο ERC-20 token. Για παράδειγμα, αν θέλατε να προσθέσετε ένα token με το όνομα FIRE, θα δημιουργούσατε ένα νέο smart contract για το FIRE και μια δεξαμενή ρευστότητας με ισοδύναμο ποσό σε FIRE και ETH.

Στην εξίσωση, το x αντιπροσωπεύει το ποσό του ETH, το y το ποσό του FIRE στη δεξαμενή ρευστότητας, ενώ το k παραμένει σταθερό και βασίζεται στην ισορροπία προσφοράς και ζήτησης. Όταν κάποιος αγοράζει FIRE με ETH, η προσφορά του FIRE μειώνεται και του ETH αυξάνεται, ανεβάζοντας έτσι την τιμή του FIRE.

Η πλατφόρμα επιτρέπει τη διαπραγμάτευση οποιουδήποτε ERC-20 token, προσφέροντας απλό τρόπο δημιουργίας του smart contract και της απαραίτητης δεξαμενής ρευστότητας.

Τον Μάιο του 2020, το Uniswap παρουσίασε την έκδοση V2, η οποία υποστήριξε άμεσες συναλλαγές μεταξύ ERC-20 token, καθώς και την υποστήριξη για token όπως το OmiseGo (OMG) και το Tether (USDT).

Για να πραγματοποιήσετε συναλλαγές στο Uniswap, χρειάζεστε ένα συμβατό πορτοφόλι, όπως το MetaMask, Fortmatic, WalletConnect ή Portis Wallet.

Πώς λειτουργεί το token του Uniswap;

Το UNI token λανσαρίστηκε τον Σεπτέμβριο του 2020, και 400 governance tokens διανεμήθηκαν δωρεάν σε κάθε πορτοφόλι που είχε χρησιμοποιήσει την πλατφόρμα πριν την 1η Σεπτεμβρίου εκείνης της χρονιάς. Μέσα στο πρώτο 24ωρο, διεκδικήθηκαν 66 εκατομμύρια από τα 150 εκατομμύρια UNI tokens που διανεμήθηκαν.

Σύμφωνα με την πλατφόρμα, το UNI token δημιουργήθηκε για να καθιερώσει το Uniswap ως δημόσια και αυτοσυντηρούμενη υποδομή, διατηρώντας παράλληλα τα αυτόνομα χαρακτηριστικά του.

Το token παρέχει δικαιώματα συμμετοχής στις αποφάσεις της πλατφόρμας, επιτρέποντας στους κατόχους του να έχουν λόγο στην εξέλιξη του πρωτοκόλλου. Μεταξύ άλλων, οι κάτοχοι έχουν δικαιώματα πάνω σε πρωτοβουλίες όπως το ταμείο της κοινότητας UNI, eth ENS, τον μηχανισμό χρέωσης του πρωτοκόλλου, τα SOCKS liquidity tokens και την προεπιλεγμένη λίστα του Uniswap (tokens.uniswap.eth).

Η κυκλοφορία του UNI θεωρήθηκε άμεση απάντηση στο SushiSwap, ένα άλλο DEX που αντέγραψε την πλατφόρμα και δημιούργησε το δικό του token (SUSHI).

Το UNI είναι ένα token τύπου ERC-20 και λειτουργεί στο blockchain του Ethereum.

Τι είναι το Uniswap Version 3;

Το Uniswap V3, όπως είναι ευρέως γνωστό, κυκλοφόρησε στις 5 Μαΐου 2021. Αυτή η αναβάθμιση έφερε βελτιωμένη αποδοτικότητα κεφαλαίων για τους παρόχους ρευστότητας, καλύτερη υποδομή και βελτιωμένη εκτέλεση για τους traders.

Πριν από την κυκλοφορία του Uniswap V3, η τιμή του UNI token είχε φτάσει στο υψηλότερο σημείο όλων των εποχών.

Πού μπορείτε να αγοράσετε Uniswap (UNI);

Όσοι επιθυμούν να προσθέσουν το Uniswap (UNI) στο χαρτοφυλάκιό τους, μπορούν να το κάνουν εύκολα και με ασφάλεια μέσω της εφαρμογής Tap. Απλώς κατεβάστε την εφαρμογή, δημιουργήστε λογαριασμό και ολοκληρώστε τη γρήγορη διαδικασία επαλήθευσης.

Μόλις εγκριθεί ο λογαριασμός σας, μπορείτε να φορτώσετε κεφάλαια (σε crypto ή παραδοσιακό νόμισμα) και να αποκτήσετε tokens UNI. Τα tokens θα αποθηκευτούν με ασφάλεια στο προσωπικό σας UNI πορτοφόλι μέσα στην εφαρμογή, όπου μπορείτε να τα διαχειρίζεστε όπως επιθυμείτε.

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When learning about paper wallets it's likely that you came across this option nestled safely in the “cold wallet” section in the different types of cryptocurrency wallets. While the popularity of paper wallets has somewhat declined, there are still a strong number of crypto enthusiasts that still appreciate the completely offline storage option. Let's explore what is a paper wallet and whether it's suited to your crypto needs.

What is a paper wallet?

For those needing a recap, a paper wallet is a piece of paper that holds both one’s public and private keys in both alphanumeric form and QR codes. Known as a non-custodial cold storage wallet, paper wallets allow the holders to manage their own private keys and remain entirely offline. A private key is a unique code that grants a user ownership of their wallet and digital funds, akin to a pin code for a bank account.

Creating paper wallets is incredibly simple, and can be completed in a matter of seconds. As a paper wallet "functions" offline, this makes them free from hackers, unlike a software wallet which is operated online. However, the paper wallet still carries its own set of risks in that the piece of paper cannot get damaged or lost.  Many Bitcoin paper wallets have been lost due to the paper fading or the information becoming illegible.

The objective of keeping a paper wallet is to keep the private key safe whether its for a Bitcoin paper wallet or one designed to hold any other cryptocurrency. Each crypto wallet will be designed to store one specific cryptocurrency.

The term Bitcoin wallet is a generic term for any type of crypto wallet, whether a paper wallet, a software wallet or any type of online wallet or hot wallet. The only distinguishing factor is that the digital wallet only holds Bitcoin.

Precautions for using paper wallets

While storing the paper wallet securely in a safe location makes the top of the list here, other precautions to take are listed below:

Quality printer

Always use a good quality printer. Ensure that your paper wallet is printed with a high-quality inkjet printed to ensure that the characters on the paper don’t fade or bleed over time. Should this happen you could lose access to your funds. 

Don’t share private keys

Never share your private keys with anyone. Paper wallets are designed to show the public key QR code on one side and the private key on the other. When sharing your public key with someone be sure not to accidentally share the private key as then they could gain access to your funds. 

Be sure to set up a change address

If you don't set up a change address before sending funds from a paper wallet, the leftover funds will go to waste. A change address is a separate wallet address that picks up the change from a transaction. 

If you have, for example, 100 BTC in your Bitcoin paper wallet and only spend 0.50 BTC, the remaining  99.5 BTC will either be sent to the change address or lost from your own paper wallet entirely. 

Paper wallets are not designed to be used for sending funds, but instead for receiving and storing funds for the long term. Hot wallets (as opposed to paper wallets) are better suited to users looking to frequently send and receive funds. There are plenty of crypto wallets on the market, ensure that you find the most convenient one for you.

Alternatively, funds can be stored in a yield-generating account where your funds can earn interest. Tap offers a wallet of this nature conveniently located on the app, which allows users to hold several crypto and fiat currencies and earn rewards based on each currency. The longer the funds remain there, the higher the yield.

While paper wallets remain offline, there are still risks associated with them. Be sure to adhere to the above precautions in order to keep your funds safe. 

Are paper wallets still relevant?

In the early days of crypto trading, paper wallets were strongly advised due to the offline safety of storing private keys. They began to be popular around the end of 2010 but unfortunately have been on a decline in more recent years as innovation in the industry has picked up momentum. A paper wallet is resistant to online attacks as long as it's made correctly; you can't hack a piece of paper.

In the past, people could create and print paper wallets for their crypto right from their exchange accounts. But now experts believe that hardware wallets are a more secure option, so most major exchanges don't offer this service anymore.

While some die-hard crypto traders still believe in the solid security of paper wallets, there are plenty of more innovative options available on the market today. 

With rising inflation rates and economic downturns around the world, there's plenty of speculation that we're headed for another global recession. While the media tends to paint the darkest picture, it's always worth being prepared. In this article we're providing five action points you can do now to ensure that your finances remain recession-proof.

The National Bureau of Economic Research defines a recession as “a significant decline in economic activity that is spread across the economy and that lasts more than a few months. It's worth noting that these are a natural part of the economic cycle and are completely unavoidable. The best thing you can do is be educated and prepared with a reliable plan in place to overcome any economic downturn.

According to a study conducted by Empower and Personal Capital, 74% of consumers in the U.S. are concerned over an impending recession. While some analysts believe the recession has already started, Goldman Sachs has predicted there is a 30% chance of one materializing while UBS has forecast "no recession".

Whichever side of the fence you sit on, it can't hurt to be prepared. While it sounds dark and gloomy, we're here to help you prepare for a recession.
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Anxious about an incoming recession?
Here are 5 steps to get yourself recession ready

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1. Try to eradicate debt

The first step of most financial plans, paying off high-interest debt is a valuable practice. The recent increase in interest rates by the Federal Reserve has seen credit card rates rise over 17% for the first time in two years. Analysts are predicting that these interest rates will continue to rise in the coming months. Avoid credit card debt and the high-interest rates associated with them.

If you are carrying high-interest-rate debt, your best port of call would be to strategically manage this, with the intention to pay it off as soon as possible. With recessions oftentimes come job cuts, and if this happens to you paying off your debt now will be a worthy exercise. Known that in times of recession, interest rates will increase.

2. Lessen your expenses

Consider your monthly living expenses and what you spend money on and see where you can make cuts in order to prepare for the "worst case scenario". Consider what would happen if you were to receive a lower salary, if you were to lose your job, or if you were suddenly faced with an emergency (more on emergency savings next).

While these can take place at any stage, having a plan will help you to be prepared should you come face to face with this. Monitoring your monthly expenses is, either way, a great opportunity to stay on top of your finances and improve your financial situation.

3. Establish your emergency savings fund (and bulk it up)

If you haven't already done so, establish an emergency fund. Financial advisors define an emergency fund as three to six months' worth of living expenses. This emergency fund is to be used for unexpected expenses like home repairs, a car issue, a medical emergency etc. This is separate from your retirement account, and acts as a cash cushion should you need it.

As you prepare for a recession, it's advised to bulk up your emergency fund to be at least six months' worth of expenses/salary. This personal budget will act as your financial safety net should you need it, a rainy day fund. For bonus points, try to keep this in interest-generating savings accounts. 

4. Update your resume

In the unfortunate event of losing your job in a recession, it will bode well to build your resume up before the time so that you can immediately start searching for a new job. During recessions, the job-seeking market tends not to favor job seekers so being prepared beforehand may work out to be to your advantage.

Alternatively, if you were considering advancing your education or going back to school, this could be a prime time to do so. This will not only improve your chances of employment in the future but also allow you time to emerge when the job market is more favorable.

5. Stick to long-term investment plans

In times of recessions it might seem tempting to cut back on retirement savings or pull investments, but try to hold strong. These investments are for the long term and will lose significant value if pulled prematurely, especially in the crypto and stock market.

Focus on managing your emotions and consider the long-term benefits. After the recession moves into its next economic phase would you rather have your long-term investment in place, or have to start again? Especially if your investments are linked to a retirement portfolio. For ease of mind, know that historical data proves that a bull market lasts longer than a bear market.

Whether you're invested in crypto, gold, or the stock market, stick to your long-term strategy and don't be tempted to make decisions based on fear, they rarely turn out to be good ones.‍
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Closing thoughts on surviving economic downturn

Recessions tend to carry a lot of fear mongering news, however, did you know that the recession in 2020 only lasted for two months? While they're times of little to no economic growth, they are just as quickly corrected and allow new innovations, services, and economic activity to ignite. Consider it a breeding ground for new opportunities.
Use the time beforehand to prepare for a recession by managing your expenses, freeing yourself from high-interest rates, and building an appropriate savings account to see you through. If in doubt, consider speaking to a financial advisor who can professionally guide you in building a solid financial plan. 



Disclaimer: This article is intended for communication purposes only, you should not consider any such information, opinions or other material as financial advice. This communication should be read in conjunction with Tap’s Terms and Conditions.

Whether you're trying to navigate the world of Crypto Twitter or preparing for Web 3.0, understanding the lingo is imperative to understanding the information available and fitting in. You might be very familiar with the English language, but don't let that fool you, crypto slang on social media is a language of its own.

While you might be familiar with concepts such as mining and smart contract, here we upgrade you to the next level of crypto jargon content. Below we run you through the 20 biggest acronyms and terms you need to learn when embarking on your Crypto Twitter journey. Good luck!

20 Top crypto terms and acronyms

Apeing In 

Apeing in refers to buying a token or more commonly an NFT right after launch without doing the necessary research. Also sometimes expressed as "I aped", this is usually a result of being fearful you're going to miss out on potential gains. Always DYOR. 

Bag Holder 

This term refers to an investor that is holding a cryptocurrency or NFT that they cannot sell for a higher price, and cannot sell at the current price (as it is too low). While this isn't entirely negative, it's not very positive either. Bag holders will simply need to wait out the market dip.

BUIDL

First made famous by Ethereum founder, Vitalik Buterin in 2018, buidl is an obvious typo of the word build and refers to "build useful stuff". The concept revolves around developers utilizing blockchain technology, to hopefully, provide a solution to the industry as a whole. 

BTFD 

Standing for Buy The F** Dip, BTFD has been described as a "prominent investment lesson". Buying the dip is when investors accumulate cryptocurrency during a bear market when the prices are trading at less than their value. Quoting Warren Buffet, "be fearful when others are greedy, and greedy when others are fearful."

DAO

DAO stands for decentralized autonomous organization and acts as a form of venture capital funding, replacing a board of directors with open-source coding. Operating entirely automatically, everyone is granted ownership and is involved in the decision-making. DAO essentially describes the structure of Web 3.0 companies. 

dApps

You may be familiar with this term already, decentralized applications are any digital apps built on top of a blockchain network. Instead of operating off of a centralized computer system, dapps harness the power of blockchain and are maintained and operated by the network on which they're built. 

Ethereum, Solana and Cardano are popular platforms on which developers built their dapps, with no limit to what industry these dapps can be built for, from payments to entertainment to supply chain management.

Diamond Hands

This term refers to an investor who will never sell. Diamond hands push through the losses, gains and volatility, resisting the dips and the peaks. These are hardcore hodlers who strongly believe in a project's vision. 

DeFi

Another term you're likely to have come across is decentralized finance, DeFi. DeFi is a sector of the crypto industry that provides traditional financial products and services only using blockchain technology, like lending, borrowing and providing liquidity. The aim of DeFi products is to remove the centralized nature of banking and make things more accessible to the masses. PancakeSwap, Aave and The Graph are examples of DeFi platforms. 

Degen

Degen is short for degenerate risk-taker, someone who makes highly risky bets without due diligence. While this is typically frowned upon in the real world, in the crypto world this is a badge of honour. Being a degen and making money fast is the ultimate flex. We still recommend that you DYOR beyond just the project's website. 

DYOR

Possibly the most important phrase when it comes to investing in cryptocurrencies and NFTs: always do your own research. Never follow anyone's advice blindly, no matter how much money they've made, instead always look into a project before investing in it. DYOR takes a firm stand in reminding you that you are accountable and responsible for your investment choices. 

GMI

A term of endearment in the crypto space, GMI stands for Gonna Make It, used to reassure someone that they're on the right track. Often thrown around on Twitter and Discord, GMI offers someone an affirmation in their decisions. 

On that note, NGMI stands for Not Gonna Make It. Usually used when someone makes a mistake or does something crazy, or when someone makes ignorant comments about the crypto space when they know little about it. It can be brutal out there, but DYOR and you'll be ok.  

Genesis Collection

Similar to how the first block on a blockchain is referred to as the genesis block, a genesis collection is the first NFT collection created by an artist. Buying items from a genesis collection is a symbol of early support and usually comes with some added benefits. Following the transaction for the digital currency, holders might be treated to early releases, insider info or concert tickets.

HODL

While we're familiar with what HODL refers to (holding onto a cryptocurrency for a long time in order to tap into possible future gains), many might not be aware that it has been gifted an acronym of its own. We say gifted because the term originated from a typo in a Bitcoin forum. HODL has affectionately been expanded to Hold On for Dear Life, encouragement for when markets dip and weak hands consider selling.

Metaverse

A hot topic at the moment, but do you know what it means? The metaverse refers to an alternative reality that exists in the digital realm. This digital space allows users to work, play, socialize and do business, interacting with others as they do. The metaverse can be described as a combination of VR (virtual reality), AR (augmented reality) and 3D worlds.  

NFT 

This is a big one. It stands for Non-Fungible Tokens and refers to anything that someone can create store and sell on the blockchain but is not fungible. Each NFT is unique and cannot be used interchangeably like most other cryptocurrencies. Also note that an NFT is a token standard and can be built on various blockchains, while ETH for instance is the native token to Ethereum and cannot be used by other blockchains. 

Shill

Shill refers to someone promoting a particular cryptocurrency to create excitement for it, usually to their own financial benefit. The purpose of shilling a coin is to generate hype that will hopefully lead to mass buying. Most platforms frown against shilling as it's essentially part of the same family tree as pump and dumps. 

Paper Hands 

The opposite of diamond hands, paper hands are quick to sell, often too early. Giving in to pressure and volatility, paper hands sell when the financial risk is too high (as opposed to waiting out the dip). 

P2E

P2E stands for play to earn and is a concept in gaming where players can earn an in-game asset that holds value outside of that ecosystem. Axie Infinity, for example, is a game in which users can earn AXS, which is traded on many big exchanges. Gods Unchained and Evaverse are other P2E games.

RUG

Sometimes referred to as a "rug pull", rug is used to describe a situation where the founders of a project run away with the raised funds. These scams are not uncommon in the unregulated world of cryptocurrencies, however, they have become much fewer and far between since the earlier days. Their actions often send the crypto price plummeting to zero and cause huge losses among investors. 

When it comes to navigating the cryptocurrency markets, staying informed and staying away from FUD can oftentimes be more complicated than one might imagine. In this article, we're going to guide you through how to recognize FUD in the blockchain space and how to avoid it. 

Since Bitcoin entered the scene in 2009, the crypto markets have seen their fair share of ups and downs. Although it's true that each market downturn has been followed by a recovery and considerable development, experienced and novice traders alike may find that times of decline are difficult to navigate. Particularly with the rise in FUD.

Before we cover the tools of the trade to recognize and avoid FUD, let's first cover what FUD is exactly.

What is FUD?

FUD in the cryptocurrency realm stands for Fear, Uncertainty and Doubt. This term is used to refer to inaccurate information released by people who wish to manipulate the markets. Releasing FUD content is intended to influence a trader to make decisions that might affect the cryptocurrency's price or their holdings in some way (usually encouraging them to sell).

While commonly used against Bitcoin, Ethereum and other cryptocurrencies are also targeted. FUD typically leads to investors selling off their coins, leading to a panic sell which snowballs and results in a significant loss in value for the coin. 

Often mentioned alongside FUD is the term FOMO, Fear Of Missing Out. FOMO is centered around the fear of people missing out on profits, leading them to make quick decisions that aren't necessarily the best ones. While FUD tends to instigate selling an asset, FOMO tends to drive traders to buy an asset. Essentially, these two terms are designed to tap into human emotions that lead to quick decisions. 

FUD is typically released through a rumor published on a well-respected website, a negative news item, or a well-known figure expressing concerns about a certain asset (commonly done over Twitter ). Content surrounding FUD and FOMO tend to be from organizations or individuals that have something to gain from the intended action. The content is designed to strongly influence the reader. 

FUD and FOMO aren't strictly related to the crypto market, such tactics have also been witnessed in the stock market and other commodity trading spaces. The jargon has become synonymous with trading. 

How to recognise FUD

The crypto community might seem tight-knit but there are often ill-actors that gain access to the trusted space and infiltrate it with bad news. This is often seen when people use a commonly discussed topic, such as regulation, to build a narrative that isn't necessarily true to influence traders. 
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Here are several tips to ensure that you don’t fall victim to FUD:

Establish a trading goal 

Before you enter the crypto market ensure that you have definitive goals, with accompanying timelines. When faced with FUD or FOMO information, consider if the resulting actions of this news will move you closer to your goal or further away. If you stay focused on your goal you are less likely to be swayed by market sentiment. 

Build a trading strategy before entering a trade

A trading strategy generally involves determining a stop loss, entry point, target sell point, and amount of capital. By establishing this before entering the trade, you will have clear objectives to follow and be less likely to fall victim to FUD-centered misinformation. 

Stay informed, but verify sources

Keeping an eye on the crypto markets and staying informed is imperative for any trader, especially day traders. Ensure that the places that you acquire your information from are reputable and legitimate, and if something sounds suspicious, verify it through a number of other sources. 

Be patient and consistent

Engaging in crypto trading involves making well-informed decisions based on market trends and supporting technology. Rather than seeking rapid financial gains, it's important to maintain patience and consistency in working toward your goals, while staying focused on your intended path.

Navigating FUD

Despite this sounding difficult, FUD is easily avoidable if you stick to these tips above and only seek information from reliable news sources. While Twitter may have quick tips, it's also hard to determine what the author's intentions are.

Consider whether something sounds accurate or not, and always conduct your own research when considering involvement in a new project. From a financial standpoint, participating in digital currency can be a profitable endeavor, so be sure to act responsibly and observe market trends with a critical perspective.

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Market manipulation can be described as any attempt to interfere with the free and fair operation of the markets. This concept has become more popular as more businesses pop up, but is very much illegal and considered by law as fraud. Not exclusive to crypto markets, various acts of market manipulation can be found across all traditional trading sectors including the stock market.

There are many ways to practice market manipulation, such as falsifying numbers to attract investors' interest leading them to invest in the company and buy stocks that they otherwise would not have. Another method of market manipulation, especially crypto market manipulation, are pump and dumps, and that's exactly what we're covering in this article. 

What are pump and dump schemes? 

The term pump and dump can be traced back to as early as the 1990s when broker Stratton Oakmont artificially inflated the price of the stock he owned. Through false advertising and misleading statements, he created positive sentiment around his stock and then sold his cheaply purchased stock at a much higher price leading to great profits. Pump and dumps can occur across any industry and is most prevalent on stock exchanges and the digital assets space.

This may have been long ago, but pump and dump schemes quickly became popular in the cryptocurrency trading sector. Funny enough, pump and dumps within crypto were driven by John McAfee, creator of McAfee software security. John McAfee was not the only person to partake in pump and dumps, but he was the leader at the time.

He created trading groups where they would discuss which project to push funds into, driving the price up, and then selling for a substantial profit. People would see the price rise 200% in 15 minutes and buy in, and that's when McAfees' army would sell. This is similar to Oakmont, where he bought cheap stock and drove up the price so he could sell it for much more. 
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Are pump and dumps a scam?

Yes, usually they are a scam that only benefits insider traders, such as pump and dump group members. Even members of pump and dump groups can fall victim to this scam, as there is even insider trading within insider trading, meaning if they don't sell soon enough they will lose funds. In the traditional financial sectors, there are laws in place to prevent this problem.

How long does a pump and dump last?

That depends on what the pump and dump groups agree on, some only last a few minutes while others can last a few hours. The duration of a pump and dump is reliant on what the group agrees to. 

Are pump and dumps illegal?

In short yes, but not as broadly as they should be. Pumps and dumps in the fiat financial world are very much illegal and could lead to jail time. In the United States, it is a crime worthy of up to 5 years of incarceration or a $250,000 US dollar fine, or both, however, laws vary in different countries. So there are clearly rules and laws in place to deter fiat or stock traders from participating in pumps and dumps, but the same can not be said for cryptocurrency trading. 

This is another great example of why governments should be more open to accepting cryptocurrency as a legitimate currency. While there are no laws against pump and dumps in cryptocurrency, it is still extremely immoral. This can be seen in comparison to fiat, where it is considered illegal, so why not do the same for cryptocurrency?

We wish we could answer this, but at the end of the day, because of the lack of regulation or even consideration around crypto, pump and dump schemes have become increasingly more popular as people hope to make a quick buck off their fellow community members. Are pump and dumps illegal in cryptocurrency? No. Should they be? Yes.

As governments around the world work to establish a regulatory framework around cryptocurrencies we can only hope that pump and dump schemes make a feature.

Has Bitcoin had a pump and dump?

No, while Bitcoin has its own share of volatility, in the years since it's gained considerable value it has not been involved in a financial scheme of this nature. As its value is so high it would take a huge amount of investors and value to alter the market to this proportion.

Which coins are pump and dumps?

Generally, pump and dump coins are low market cap coins that are susceptible to volatility, meaning any money put in makes a big difference. However, pump and dumps can happen to almost any coin, the lower market cap coins are just usually the target in the crypto space.

Closing thoughts 

Pump and dump groups are a tricky topic within the cryptocurrency space, as some people greatly gain from these market tactics. Looking at it from an outside perspective, maybe as someone who saw a coin rising and was excited to get it, only to be left in the red 10 minutes later, this can be devastating.

Aside from the victims of pump and dumps, it is illegal within the fiat financial sector and should be considered the same regardless of whether governments see cryptocurrency as legitimate tender. Again, everyone is free to make their own decisions, we are simply here to educate you on what pump and dumps are, how they work, and what to look out for.

Cryptocurrencies function much like traditional currencies in that they can be transferred digitally and used to pay for goods and services around the globe. However, they also pose several benefits that fiat currencies lack, such as the fact that they operate using a decentralized network and not a bank or government agency (providing greater control to users) and can execute international payments in a fraction of the time and cost.

While many believe cryptocurrencies will eventually replace traditional currencies, there is plenty to be done before we get there. We are sooner more likely to experience cryptocurrencies working alongside traditional currencies than entirely replacing them, a movement that is generating momentum each day. 

Before we launch into what the industry needs in order to go mainstream, let's first observe how we reached this pinnacle moment in the history of finance. 

How crypto officially got on the map

Bitcoin was created to provide an independent financial system to people that were thrown into serious debt following the global financial crisis. The digital currency was created to provide individuals with the opportunity to control their funds independently from any financial institution.

Since the advent of Bitcoin in 2009, cryptocurrencies have experienced interest from many groups of people, largely outside of mainstream media. In 2017, following a wild bull run, Bitcoin was first thrust into the mainstream media spotlight as it fast became the main topic of conversation across various news channels around the world. 

Fast forward three years to the pandemic. Following global market crashes, Bitcoin displayed impressive resistance and built its wealth back more quickly than many other assets and stock markets. This caught the eye of many large corporations, dispelling scepticism and leading one in particular to move their USD reserves into Bitcoin. Following Microstrategy's decision to buy large amounts of BTC, many other large corporations followed suit, with companies like PayPal and Square even incorporating cryptocurrencies into their systems. 

This wave of institutional investment not only increased the value of the markets but also helped to build confidence for retail investors to invest in such "risky" assets. This also played a large role in major corporations embarking on serious research and development of both blockchain technology and cryptocurrencies. 

What crypto needs

Commonly used as an investment tool, cryptocurrencies were designed to facilitate faster and more economical transactions. Operating on a peer-to-peer basis, cryptocurrencies essentially cut out the middleman (and its fees) and make digital cash more readily available. 

As with most things in life, there are two significant camps for and against the mainstream use of cryptocurrencies. Those for the widespread adoption believe the spike in interest will continue on its upward trajectory, believing that very little could hinder its growth. Those against the growth argue that fluctuating market prices and uncertainty around the practical application will hinder its mainstream adoption. 

What cryptocurrencies likely need before any mainstream adoption is a well planned regulatory framework that can appease both the innovative technology and the merchants and consumers using it. Regulations are a necessary component to anything becoming mainstream, and the ones surrounding cryptocurrencies are vague at best. While many nations are working on creating and implementing these, there is still a gaping hole in the industry. 

Based on conversations taking place in the banking and fintech worlds, it is highly likely that in the coming years more traditional companies will expand to offer crypto-enabled financial services. As interest and access continue to grow, companies will need to follow suit if they wish to stay in the game. Large payment processing companies like Visa and Mastercard are already looking to provide crypto services, a key indicator as to where the market is headed.

What are the advantages of Bitcoin over existing currencies?

Bitcoin, and other cryptocurrencies, pose several advantages over fiat currencies. The biggest attribute to cryptocurrencies is that they are decentralized, meaning that they are not controlled by governments or banks, rather they are issued by the network and managed by the individual holding them. Instead of a government deciding to print more money thereby increasing inflation, cryptocurrencies are inflationary and instead created using a mining system that is controlled by various mechanisms.

Using blockchain technology, the digital cash systems provide an immutable and transparent ledger that records all the transactions and ownership, ensuring that funds are handled properly and with the correct measures. Cryptocurrencies also pose a much faster and cheaper means of sending money across borders, a huge advantage for businesses operating on a global level (i.e. sending funds from the U.S. to the United Kingdom).

The biggest advantage to crypto is that it is financially inclusive. Anyone around the world can partake in the payment system with no paperwork, previous financial statements or tedious processes required, it simply requires an internet connection.

What are the disadvantages of Bitcoin compared with existing currencies?

Currently, the disadvantages of cryptocurrencies are that they are not freely accepted around the world (yet). While the adoption levels are rising there is still a gap in how and where users can spend their cryptocurrencies. Another disadvantage is the market's volatility, posing potential inconsistencies between the price when making a payment and once the payment is received.

El Salvador leads the pack

In late 2021 El Salvador became the first country to initiate Bitcoin as a legal tender alongside the US dollar. The decision has accumulated many mixed reviews, with some hailing the president a revolutionary and others concerned he will crash the country's already fragile economy. Should his plan work out we're likely to see this happen again. 

In conclusion: Crypto is on an upward trajectory

With all things considered, cryptocurrencies and blockchain technology are here to stay. While cryptocurrencies might be a significant distance from becoming mainstream, they are far too integrated into our society and financial landscape to all but disappear. All things considered, the money is too great, the technology too innovative and the thought of financial inclusion too promising for any of it to go away. 

There is seldom a dull moment in the cryptosphere. In a matter of weeks, crypto winters can turn into bull runs, high-profile celebrities can send the price of a cryptocurrency to an all-time high and big networks can go from hero to bankruptcy. While we await the next bull run, let’s dissect some of the bigger moments of this year so far. 

In a matter of weeks, we saw two major cryptocurrencies drop significantly in value and later declare themselves bankrupt. Not only did these companies lose millions, but millions of investors lost immense amounts of money. 

As some media sources use these stories as an opportunity to spread FUD (fear, uncertainty and doubt) about the crypto industry, in this article we’ll look at what affected these particular networks. This is not the “norm” when it comes to investing in digital assets, these are cases of not doing enough thorough research. 

The Downfall of Terra

Terra is a blockchain platform that offered several cryptocurrencies (mostly stablecoins), most notably the stablecoin TerraUST (UST) and Terra (LUNA). LUNA tokens played an integral role in maintaining the price of the algorithmic stablecoins, incentivizing trading between LUNA and stablecoins should they need to increase or decrease a stablecoin's supply. 

In December 2021, following a token burn, LUNA entered the top 10 biggest cryptocurrencies by market cap trading at $75. LUNA’s success was tied to that of UST. In April, UST overtook Binance USD to become the third-largest stablecoin in the cryptocurrency market. The Anchor protocol of the Terra ecosystem, which offers returns as high as 20% APY, aided UST's rise.

In May of 2022, UST unpegged from its $1 position, sending LUNA into a tailspin losing 99.9% of its value in a matter of days. The coin’s market cap dipped from $41b to $6.6m. The demise of the platform led to $60 billion of investors’ money going down the drain. So, what went wrong?

After a large sell-off of UST in early May, the stablecoin began to depeg. This caused a further mass sell-off of the algorithmic cryptocurrency causing mass amounts of LUNA to be minted to maintain its price equilibrium. This sent LUNA's circulating supply sky-rocketing, in turn crashing the price of the once top ten coin. The circulating supply of LUNA went from around 345 million to 3.47 billion in a matter of days. 

As investors scrambled to try to liquidate their assets, the damage was already done. The Luna Foundation Guard (LFG) had been acquiring large quantities of Bitcoin as a safeguard against the UST stablecoin unpegging, however, this did not prove to help as the network's tokens had already entered what's known as a "death spiral".

The LFG and Do Kwon reported bought $3 billion worth of Bitcoin and stored it in reserves should they need to use them for an unpegging. When the time came they claimed to have sold around 80,000 BTC, causing havoc on the rest of the market. Following these actions, the Bitcoin price dipped below $30,000, and continued to do so.

After losing nearly 100% of its value, the Terra blockchain halted services and went into overdrive to try and rectify the situation. As large exchanges started delisting both coins one by one, Terra’s founder Do Kwon released a recovery plan. While this had an effect on the coin’s price, rising to $4.46, it soon ran its course sending LUNA’s price below $1 again. 

In a final attempt to rectify the situation, Do Kwon alongside co-founder Daniel Shin hard forked the Terra blockchain to create a new version, renaming the original blockchain Terra Classic. The platform then released a new coin, Luna 2.0, while the original LUNA coin was renamed LUNC. 

Reviewing the situation in hindsight, a Web3 investor and venture partner at Farmer Fund, Stuti Pandey said, “What the Luna ecosystem did was they had a very aggressive and optimistic monetary policy that pretty much worked when markets were going very well, but they had a very weak monetary policy for when we encounter bear markets.” 

Then Celsius Froze Over

In mid-June 2022, Celsius, a blockchain-based platform that specializes in crypto loans and borrowing, halted all withdrawals citing “extreme market conditions”. Following a month of turmoil, Celsius officially announced that it had filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy in July. 

Just a year earlier, in June 2021, the platform’s native token CEL had reached its all-time high of $8.02 with a market cap of $1.9 billion. Following the platform’s upheaval, at the time of writing CEL was trading at $1.18 with a market cap of $281 million. 

According to court filings, when the platform filed for bankruptcy it was $1.2 billion in the red with $5.5 billion in liabilities, of which $4.7 billion is customer holdings. A far cry from its reign as one of the most successful DeFi (decentralized finance) platforms. What led to this demise?

Last year, the platform faced its first minor bump in the road when the US states of Texas, Alabama and New Jersey took legal action against the company for allegedly selling unregistered securities to users. 

Then, in April 2022, following pressure from regulators, Celsius also stopped providing interest-bearing accounts to non-accredited investors. While against the nature of DeFi, the company was left with little choice.  

Things then hit the fan in May of this year. The collapse of LUNA and UST caused significant damage to investor confidence across the entire cryptocurrency market. This is believed to have accelerated the start of a "crypto winter" and led to an industry-wide sell-off that produced a bank-run-style series of withdrawals by Celsius users. In bankruptcy documents, Celsius attributes its liquidity problems to the "domino effect" of LUNA's failure.

According to the company, Celsius had 1.7 million users and $11.7 billion worth of assets under management (AUM) and had made over $8 billion in loans alongside its very high APY (annual percentage yields) of 17%. 

These loans, however, came to a grinding halt when the platform froze all its clients' assets and announced a company-wide freeze on withdrawals in early June. 

Celsius released a statement stating: “Due to extreme market conditions, today we are announcing that Celsius is pausing all withdrawals, Swap, and transfers between accounts. We are taking this necessary action for the benefit of our entire community to stabilize liquidity and operations while we take steps to preserve and protect assets.”

Two weeks later the platform hired restructuring expert Alvarez & Marsal to assist with alleviating the damage caused by June’s uncertainty and the mounting liquidity issues. 

As of mid-July, after paying off several loans, Celsius filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection in the U.S. Bankruptcy Court for the Southern District of New York.

Final Thoughts

The biggest takeaway from these examples above it to always do your own research when it comes to investing in cryptocurrency or cryptocurrency platforms. Never chase “get-rich-quick” schemes, instead do your due diligence and read the fine print. If a platform is offering 20% APY, be sure to get to the bottom of how they intend to provide this. If there’s no transparency, there should be no investment. 

The cryptocurrency market has been faced with copious amounts of stressors in recent months, from the demise of these networks mentioned above (alongside others like Voyager and Three Anchor Capital) to a market-wide liquidity crunch, to the recent inflation rate increases around the globe. Not to mention the fearful anticipation of regulatory changes. 

If there’s one thing we know about cryptocurrencies it’s that the market as a whole is incredibly resilient. In recent weeks, prices of top cryptocurrencies like Bitcoin and Ethereum have slowly started to increase, causing speculation that we might finally be making our way out of the crypto winter. While this won’t be an overnight endeavour, the sentiment in the market remains hopeful. 

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Cryptocurrency forks play a significant role in the development and evolution of blockchain technology. Crypto forks occur when a blockchain network undergoes a split, resulting in the creation of two or more distinct chains, each with its own sets of rules and often its own cryptocurrencies. This division can happen through different types of cryptocurrency forks, namely hard and soft forks.

Understanding blockchain forks is an essential element for those interested in understanding and/or trading cryptocurrencies. They represent pivotal moments in the blockchain's journey, where decisions are made, new features are introduced, and disagreements are resolved. By comprehending the concept of cryptocurrency forks, investors, users, and developers can navigate the landscape of digital currencies more effectively.

Crypto forks not only provide opportunities for innovation and technological advancements but also hold implications for the broader community. They can spark debates, divide communities, and even impact the market dynamics of cryptocurrencies. 

What is a soft fork?

A soft fork is a type of cryptocurrency fork that generally introduces backward-compatible changes to the blockchain protocol. Unlike hard forks, soft forks do not require all participants to upgrade their software to continue using the network. This means that users can choose whether or not to adopt the new features or rules implemented by the soft crypto fork.

For example, a soft fork that increases transaction speed doesn’t require everyone to upgrade their software. If you don’t upgrade your software, however, you will not be able to take part in any future transactions using the new feature (ie: faster transaction speeds). 

These types of forks are a great way for new changes to be implemented without creating an entirely new cryptocurrency. Below we review two notable soft forks.

The SegWit fork

In 2017, the Bitcoin blockchain underwent a soft cryptocurrency fork known as the Segregated Witness (SegWit) Bitcoin protocol update. It aimed to address the scalability issue of the Bitcoin network by separating transactional data from signature data, allowing for more transactions to be included in each block

Before the SegWit upgrade, Bitcoin's protocol was both more expensive and slower, with transactions costing about $30 each and taking around an hour to complete. The inventors of the SegWit change recognized that signature data accounts for 65% of a transactional block. As a result, SegWit proposed moving the effective block size from 1MB to 4MB.

The motivation for this increase was to separate or delete the signer data from the transactional data on every blockchain block, allowing for greater transaction throughput per block.

With the new fork, the old Bitcoin blockchain was able to accept both new 4MB and 1MB blocks at the same time. The soft fork enabled the existing nodes to validate the new blocks via a clever engineering approach that formatted new rules without breaking existing ones.

The Byzantium and Constantinople soft forks

These were two consecutive soft forks on the Ethereum blockchain, implemented in 2017 and 2019, respectively. These forks introduced new features to the blockchain's protocol, such as improved security and privacy, as well as changes to the Ethereum Virtual Machine (EVM).

Soft forks have a relatively lower impact on the blockchain and crypto community compared to hard forks. Since they are backward-compatible, users who don't upgrade their software can still participate in the network, although they may not be able to take advantage of the new rules and features introduced by the soft fork. 

Soft forks generally aim to improve the efficiency, security, or functionality of the blockchain without causing a complete split in the network.

What is a hard fork?

Hard forks are more disruptive and result in the creation of two separate blockchains, each with its own set of rules and cryptocurrencies. A hard fork occurs when there’s a fundamental change to the blockchain, such as upgrading one of its core technical components (ie: blocksize). 

This requires everyone who uses that blockchain to upgrade their software or else they will no longer be able to participate on the network. Users can also opt to be a part of both networks that result from the blockchain split. For example, Bitcoin Gold is a hard fork of Bitcoin that aims to decentralize the mining process offering two very different use cases.

Hard forks are a common occurrence in the cryptocurrency industry, with many big cryptocurrencies being the product of a successful hard fork. Below we explore two notable hard forks. 

The Bitcoin Cash fork

The Bitcoin Cash fork is a prime example of a hard fork. In 2017, following a disagreement within the Bitcoin community about the future of the original cryptocurrency, a group of developers and miners got together to form a new and improved version of the cryptocurrency's network known as Bitcoin Cash. The Bitcoin Cash hard fork was implemented with the upgraded blockchain utilizing a new version of the underlying code, and a new cryptocurrency labeled BCH.

The most significant change to the Bitcoin Cash network was the block size increase to 8MB, allowing for faster transaction speeds, more transactions to get verified at once, and lower transaction fees. The new version of the network also increased the difficulty to ensure the security of the network would not be compromised. In March 2022, the block size limit was increased to 32MB.

There have been many Bitcoin forks over the years, with Bitcoin Cash and Litecoin being the two most well-known.

The Ethereum Classic fork

Ethereum Classic originated from a hard fork of the Ethereum blockchain in 2016. The fork occurred due to a disagreement over how to handle a security breach in the DAO (Decentralized Autonomous Organization). Ethereum Classic maintained the original blockchain, while Ethereum (ETH) continued on the new forked chain.

A hard fork can have significant implications for the blockchain and its community. They often result from divided opinions or visions within the community, leading to the creation of new cryptocurrencies. A hard fork can bring about new features, address scalability concerns, or resolve contentious issues, but it can also cause community divisions and introduce volatility into the market.

Market effects and price volatility

Crypto forks can have a significant impact on the cryptocurrency market, often leading to price volatility and market reactions. The effects are driven by a combination of factors, including investor sentiment, community support, and the perceived value of the newly forked cryptocurrencies.

1. Forks can impact cryptocurrency prices by creating uncertainty and divergent market expectations. Prior to a fork, investors may exhibit cautious behavior, leading to increased selling pressure as they seek to secure their holdings or reallocate their assets. This uncertainty stems from concerns about the viability and market reception of the forked cryptocurrencies.
2. Market reactions to major forks have been observed in various instances. For example, during the Bitcoin Cash crypto fork in 2017, the anticipation and subsequent launch of the new cryptocurrency caused a surge in trading volumes and price volatility. Similarly, when Bitcoin Cash itself underwent a contentious hard fork in 2018, resulting in the creation of Bitcoin SV, the market witnessed significant price fluctuations and increased trading activity.

These reactions reflect the market's response to the perceived value and potential utility of the forked cryptocurrencies. Investors and traders assess factors such as community support, technological enhancements, and the ability to solve existing challenges. Depending on the market's reception, prices can experience both short-term spikes and long-term shifts as market participants adjust their positions and reassess their expectations.

It's important to note that the impact of crypto forks on prices and market dynamics can vary. While some forks generate significant market buzz and trading activity, others may have a more muted effect. Factors such as the size and influence of the community, the level of support from industry players, and broader market conditions all contribute to the overall impact of a fork on cryptocurrency prices.

Navigating the market effects of crypto forks requires vigilance and a deep understanding of the underlying factors at play. Investors and traders should carefully assess the potential risks and rewards associated with forked cryptocurrencies, keeping in mind the volatility and market reactions that can accompany these transformative events.

What to do when a fork is announced

When a cryptocurrency announces an upcoming fork, a rule of thumb in the crypto space is to wait for the dust to settle before making any big decisions. Keep in mind that sometimes forks can be contentious and not everyone will agree on the path forward, meaning that there may be a lot of confusion and volatility in the coming days as people react.

 In conclusion

A hard fork is when a blockchain network is split into two resulting in two unique blockchains with their own cryptocurrencies. A soft fork is when a blockchain simply upgrades or incorporates new features and allows users to decide whether they would like to continue using the old version or upgrade their software protocol to make use of the new features.

Either way, cryptocurrency forks are a common occurrence in the blockchain space and have been the start of many different networks. The most iconic hard forks include the likes of Litecoin, a hard fork from the Bitcoin network, Ethereum Classic, a hard fork from the Ethereum network, and Bitcoin Cash, a hard fork of the Bitcoin network.

Both soft and hard forks allow innovation within the blockchain space to evolve, making space for new features, more efficient means of executing an action, and other chain improvements. A hard fork in particular can shed light on new innovations without creating a blockchain network from scratch.

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Τον Μάρτιο του 2022, η Chain επαναπροσδιόρισε το token της από CHN σε XCN και γνώρισε ευρεία επιτυχία. Το κοινό, πολλαπλών περιουσιακών στοιχείων, κρυπτογραφικό καθολικό έχει λάβει σημαντική προσοχή από την αγορά και αυξήθηκε σε αξία σχεδόν κατά 50% τους πρώτους μήνες μετά την κυκλοφορία.

Έπειτα, μετά την εφαρμογή αναβαθμίσεων που περιλάμβαναν την Αποκεντρωμένη Αυτόνομη Οργάνωση της Chain (DAO), την κυκλοφορία beta του προϊόντος Chain Cloud, το staking του XCN, καθώς και την εισαγωγή σε διάφορα ανταλλακτήρια κρυπτονομισμάτων, η Chain (XCN) έφτασε στην υψηλότερη τιμή της στην ιστορία της. Ένα αξιόλογο επίτευγμα για το οικοσύστημα της Chain, λαμβάνοντας υπόψη ότι η ευρύτερη αγορά κρυπτονομισμάτων βρισκόταν σε πτώση εκείνη την περίοδο.

Τι είναι το Chain;

Το Chain είναι μια υποδομή cloud blockchain που επιτρέπει στις εταιρείες να δημιουργούν και να παρέχουν βελτιωμένες λύσεις χρηματοοικονομικών υπηρεσιών μέσω του μοναδικού κλειστού blockchain δικτύου τους. Αυτό τους δίνει την ευκαιρία να αναβαθμίσουν την τεχνολογία τους σε blockchain χωρίς να αντιμετωπίζουν τους κινδύνους που συνδέονται με τα μεγαλύτερα δημόσια δίκτυα. Η πλατφόρμα τους επιτρέπει να εκδίδουν, αποθηκεύουν και μεταφέρουν ψηφιακά περιουσιακά στοιχεία στα ιδιωτικά ανεξάρτητα δίκτυα της εταιρείας τους μέσω διαφόρων προϊόντων του οικοσυστήματος Chain.

Σύμφωνα με το whitepaper της πλατφόρμας, το πρωτόκολλο Chain ορίζει ότι "επιτρέπει στους συμμετέχοντες να εκδίδουν και να ελέγχουν τα περιουσιακά στοιχεία τους προγραμματιστικά χρησιμοποιώντας ψηφιακές υπογραφές και προσαρμοσμένους κανόνες."

Σχεδιασμένο για να βελτιώνει τα τρέχοντα προβλήματα στον τομέα των χρηματοοικονομικών εκκαθαρίσεων, το πρωτόκολλο Chain προσφέρει βελτιωμένες λύσεις για τα πάντα, από τα τέλη μεταφοράς μέχρι τη διαφάνεια των συναλλαγων, τις καθυστερήσεις εκκαθάρισης, τα θέματα ασφάλειας και την αναστρεψιμότητα των συναλλαγών.

Άλλα προϊόντα του οικοσυστήματος Chain περιλαμβάνουν μια τυπική και μια premium επιλογή τόσο ενός προϊόντος RPC/API (Remote Procedure Call API) όσο και μιας υπηρεσίας  γνωστής ως Sequence.

Το τυπικό RCP/API παρέχει στους χρήστες πρόσβαση σε διάφορες υπηρεσίες εντός του Chain Cloud που τους επιτρέπει να αναπτύσσουν προϊόντα σε δημόσια blockchains. Οι premium επιλογές πρόσβασης παρέχουν πρόσθετες λύσεις και τη δυνατότητα να αναπτύσσουν σε ιδιωτικά δίκτυα. Αυτή η  premium επιλογή χρεώνει ένα ετήσιο σταθερό ποσό σε XCN.

Το Sequence παρέχει στους χρήστες της πρόσβαση στην υπηρεσία λογιστικής cloud blockchain της Chain, όπου μπορούν να διαχειρίστουν τα υπόλοιπα σε τοκενοποιημένη μορφή. Και πάλι, υπάρχει μια τυπική επιλογή ή μια premium επιλογή πρόσβασης με πρόσθετα οφέλη, πληρωτέα σε XCN.

Το πρωτόκολλο προσφέρει επίσης στους χρήστες ολοκληρωμένες λύσεις που καλύπτουν τον "σχεδιασμό, ανάπτυξη, συμβατότητα, πώληση και χρήση" NFTs μέσω του προϊόντος Sequence NFT.

Η Αποκεντρωμένη Αυτόνομη Οργάνωση της Chain (DAO) διαχειρίζεται το σύνολο του Πρωτοκόλλου Chain, το οποίο διέπεται από τους κατόχους του token XCN. Για να συμμετέχουν στην Chain DAO και στη διακυβέρνηση του Chain, οι κάτοχοι XCN πρέπει να δεσμεύουν(stake) τα tokens τους.

Ποιος δημιούργησε το Chain;

Το δίκτυο blockchain Chain ιδρύθηκε το 2014 από τον Adam Ludwin, προσφέροντας μια λύση στα σύγχρονα χρηματοοικονομικά συστήματα. Οι προγραμματιστές λάνσαραν το Chain Core αφου συγκέτρωσαν πάνω από $40 εκατομμύρια μέσω χρηματοδότησης και στρατηγικών συνεργασιών με εταιρείες όπως Nasdaq, Orange, Capital One και Citigroup.

Το 2018, η πλατφόρμα πωλήθηκε στην Lightyear Corp., μια θυγατρική του Stellar Development Foundation, αλλά από το 2021, η εταιρεία λειτουργεί πλέον ως ιδιωτική εταιρεία με νέα γραφεία, μετόχους και νέο διοικητικό συμβούλιο.

Πώς λειτουργεί το πρωτόκολλο Chain;

Το Chain επιτρέπει την ύπαρξη και συνεργασία πολλαπλών, ανεξάρτητων δικτύων blockchain, ακόμη και αν αυτά λειτουργούν από διαφορετικές εταιρείες. Χρησιμοποιώντας την αρχή της ελάχιστης εξουσίας, διατηρείται ο έλεγχος των περιουσιακών στοιχείων ξεχωριστός από τον έλεγχο του ledger συγχρονισμού, ώστε όλοι να παραμένουν ασφαλείς.

Το πρωτόκολλο cloud Chain επιτρέπει σε οποιονδήποτε συμμετέχοντα/χρήστη στο δίκτυο να ορίζει και να εκδίδει περιουσιακά στοιχεία δημιουργώντας τα δικά του "προγράμματα έκδοσης." Μετά την έκδοσή τους, οι μονάδες ενός περιουσιακού στοιχείου φυλάσσονται από "προγράμματα ελέγχου," τα οποία γράφονται σε μια ευέλικτη ολοκληρωμένη γλώσσα προγραμματισμού που μπορεί να χρησιμοποιηθεί για τη δημιουργία προηγμένων έξυπνων συμβολαίων(smart contract) για τα δίκτυα blockchain.

Μια ομάδα "υπογραφόντων μπλοκ" ασφαλίζει κάθε δίκτυο. Το σύστημα προστατεύεται από διακλαδώσεις όσο η πλειοψηφία των “υπογραφόντων μπλοκ” ακολουθεί το πρωτόκολλο. Για μεγαλύτερη αποδοτικότητα, το πρωτόκολλο αναθέτει τη δημιουργία μπλοκ σε έναν μόνο "γεννήτορα μπλοκ." Οποιοσδήποτε κόμβος στο δίκτυο μπορεί επίσης να επικυρώσει μπλοκ και να υποβάλει συναλλαγές.

Το λογισμικό Chain Core είναι μια επιχειρησιακή λύση που χρησιμοποιεί το Chain Protocol. Μια έκδοση ανοιχτού κώδικα για προγραμματιστές, του Chain Core είναι διαθέσιμη για λήψη. Επι προσθέτως το Chain χρησιμοποιεί ένα ελεύθερα προσβάσιμο testnet για τη διαχείριση του δικτύου blockchain Chain.

Τι είναι τα XCN tokens;

Το XCN είναι το εγγενές token του οικοσυστήματος Chain και λειτουργεί τόσο ως token χρησιμότητας όσο και ως token διακυβέρνησης. Οι κάτοχοι έχουν τη δυνατότητα να ψηφίζουν σε κοινοτικά προγράμματα και σχέδια βελτίωσης πρωτοκόλλου μέσω της Chain DAO. Το κρυπτονόμισμα προσφέρει επίσης εκπτώσεις σε premium πλάνα, έναν τρόπο πληρωμής για τα τέλη Chain Cloud και Sequence, όπως και την ανάπτυξη κόμβων.

Παράλληλα με την επαναπροσαρμογή του CHN σε XCN, η Chain λάνσαρε επίσης το νέο έξυπνο συμβόλαιο Chain Token στο blockchain του Ethereum. Οι κάτοχοι του CHN έλαβαν XCN tokens με αναλογία 1:1.000. Το Chain (XCN) έχει μέγιστο εφοδιασμό του ύψους 53,47 δισεκατομμυρίων.

Πώς μπορώ να αγοράσω το XCN token;

Για όσους επιθυμούν να ενσωματώσουν το Chain στα κρυπτονομίσματά τους, τα πράγματα έγιναν πολύ πιο εύκολα. Η εφαρμογή Tap πρόσθεσε πρόσφατα το XCN στη λίστα των υποστηριζόμενων νομισμάτων, επιτρέποντας σε οποιονδήποτε έχει λογαριασμό Tap να έχει εύκολη και άνετη πρόσβαση στην αγορά Chain.

Οι χρήστες μπορούν να αγοράσουν/πουλήσουν XCN χρησιμοποιώντας τα διάφορα υπόλοιπα τους είτε από τα κρυπτονομισματικά είτε από τα νομισματικά τους πορτοφόλια ή μπορούν να αγοράσουν το κρυπτονόμισμα με παραδοσιακές μεθόδους πληρωμής όπως τραπεζικές μεταφορές. Μέσω των ενσωματομένων πορτοφολιών στην πλατφόρμα, οι χρήστες μπορούν επίσης να αποθηκεύουν και να διαχειρίζονται εύκολα και άνετα τα XCN τους.

The post-pandemic working world is a different place entirely. These days, many people have given up their nine to five jobs to work from home, joining the gig economy where projects are more short-term and schedules are flexible. After all, all one needs is a reliable internet connection and a space to work.

These temporary projects allow for more freedom when it comes to creative license, time constraints and living a life best suited to the individual. And they just got a whole lot easier thanks to the electronic cash system that is Bitcoin (and other crypto assets).

The Gig Economy Meets Blockchain

There are plenty of upsides to working in the gig economy, most notably that you can pick your own hours. As you are in control of your schedule you can choose your vacation times, you’re your own boss, and you get to choose what jobs you take on.

In the UK alone the gig economy between 2016 and 2019 doubled in size, equating to a staggering 4.7 million workers. Meanwhile, in the European Union, the number of freelancers rose by 24% between 2008 and 2015, from 7.7 million to 9.6 million people.

The U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported that 36% of all employees in the United States are part of the gig economy, approximately 57 million people. Unfortunately of these 57 million, 58% reported that they have not been paid for work that has been completed. 

This problem could be solved through the use of blockchain and smart contracts. Smart contracts are digital agreements that automatically execute once the criteria have been met. Say you agree to complete a project within a certain time frame, once the project is completed and submitted, the payment is released. No need to request or accept payment, the funds are cleared and deposited directly into the relevant account.

Another positive to merging the gig economy with blockchain technology is the use of cryptocurrencies. 

4 Reasons Why Getting Paid In Crypto Just Makes Sense

While smart contracts would need to be made in order for them to smoothen out the wrinkles of unpaid jobs, cryptocurrencies are available right now. The benefits of crypto transactions when it comes to working remotely just make sense.‍

1) Cryptocurrency transactions are fast and cheap
‍While the thought of using Bitcoin payments might sound scary, they are in fact incredibly simple to send, receive and withdraw. With the use of blockchain technology and the Bitcoin network, international transactions can be completed in minutes with considerably fewer fees. Not just Bitcoin, all digital currencies for that matter.

All you need to do is pick a cryptocurrency, share your wallet address and wait for the crypto transaction to clear. Through the Tap mobile app you can then use the funds to pay bills or sell them for fiat currencies and send them to your personal Tap account to spend as you please or directly to your bank account. 

2Anyone can make crypto payments
‍While opening a bank account is typically a very tedious task, opening a crypto account is very easy. Anyone anywhere in the world can easily create an account, add funds, and start transacting. As the network is entirely digital, employees and employers based anywhere in the world can tap into this and effortlessly make crypto payments.

3) You can work from anywhere
‍On that note, cryptocurrencies give you the freedom to work anywhere in the world as there are no constraints on receiving payments allowing you to sell your skills in the global market. There has also been an increase in jobs looking for freelancers that are willing to accept Bitcoin, goodbye central banks and hello digital assets‍

4)Low transaction fees make small jobs worth it 
‍If you've ever been hesitant about accepting small jobs, this is the one for you. When small jobs pay less, the payments might frequently be entirely overwhelmed by the transaction fees associated with receiving your payment for the job.

That is not the case when it comes to some cryptocurrencies, with Litecoin for example charging merely $0.02 per transaction. 

How To Get Paid In Cryptocurrencies

If you’ve decided to take the plunge, you can either request that your employer pays in crypto, or specifically look for crypto-paying jobs (more on this below). The next step is to set up an account from where you can receive said crypto.

The Tap mobile app will tick all the boxes, and opening an account is incredibly simple. First, you will need to download the app and then register. You’ll be asked to fill in some personal information and then verify your identity with a government-issued identity document. This is all very normal and is required by law. 

Once you are verified, head to the home page, select the Crypto wallet and choose a cryptocurrency you would like to receive / the cryptocurrency you will be paid in. Then select Receive and send the wallet address to your employer/contractor. You will get a notification when the funds arrive in your account. 

If you’re looking for jobs that specifically pay in crypto, look to Purse.io, Ethlance and Coinality. These are part of the gig economy and pay in cryptocurrencies. Good luck out there, it will 100% be worth it!

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Αν είστε νέοι στον κόσμο των κρυπτονομισμάτων ή απλώς δεν έχετε ακόμη γνωρίσει τα stablecoins, αυτό το άρθρο είναι για εσάς. Θα αναλύσουμε τι ακριβώς είναι αυτά τα ψηφιακά νομίσματα, γιατί παίζουν σημαντικό ρόλο στην οικονομία των crypto, και θα ρίξουμε μια ματιά σε μερικές από τις πιο δημοφιλείς επιλογές που κυκλοφορούν αυτή τη στιγμή.

Παρόλο που τα stablecoins δεν έχουν σχεδιαστεί για να αποφέρουν αποδόσεις, προσφέρουν έναν τρόπο προστασίας από τις απώλειες όταν η αγορά παρουσιάζει πτώσεις και επιτρέπουν στους χρήστες να αξιοποιήσουν τα πλεονεκτήματα των κρυπτονομισμάτων που τα παραδοσιακά νομίσματα δεν μπορούν να προσφέρουν.

Κάποιοι ίσως περίμεναν διαφορετικό ρυθμιστικό πλαίσιο για τα stablecoins σε σχέση με τα υπόλοιπα κρυπτονομίσματα, όμως προς το παρόν υπάγονται στην ίδια κατηγορία ψηφιακών περιουσιακών στοιχείων. Ωστόσο, γίνονται προσπάθειες για τη θέσπιση ειδικού πλαισίου για τους εκδότες stablecoins.

Τι είναι τα stablecoins;

Τα stablecoins είναι μια κατηγορία κρυπτονομισμάτων που έχει σχεδιαστεί για να διατηρεί σταθερή αξία, συνδέοντας την τιμή τους με ένα σταθερό περιουσιακό στοιχείο, όπως ένα παραδοσιακό νόμισμα ή ένα εμπόρευμα.

Αυτή η μορφή ψηφιακού χρήματος προσφέρει μια "σταθερή" αγορά σε έναν χώρο που φημίζεται για τη μεταβλητότητά του. Επιτρέπουν σε επιχειρήσεις να αξιοποιήσουν τα οφέλη των crypto, χωρίς να εκτίθενται στους κινδύνους της έντονης διακύμανσης των τιμών ή σε κινδύνους αντισυμβαλλομένων.

Παρόλο που συνήθως δεν αποφέρουν αποδόσεις όπως άλλα crypto λόγω της σταθερής τιμής τους, παρέχουν μια στρατηγική προστασίας απέναντι στις ασταθείς αγορές. Σήμερα, υπάρχει πλήθος επιλογών stablecoin, με διαφορετικές δομές, ηγεσία, φήμη και σκοπούς χρήσης.

Οι βασικές κατηγορίες stablecoins, ανάλογα με το πώς διατηρούν τη σταθερότητά τους, περιλαμβάνουν:

• Τα stablecoins με εξασφάλιση σε παραδοσιακά νομίσματα (fiat-backed),
• Τα crypto-backed stablecoins,
• Τα algorithmic stablecoins,
• Και τα stablecoins που υποστηρίζονται από εμπορεύματα.

Stablecoins με εξασφάλιση σε παραδοσιακά νομίσματα (fiat currencies)

Αυτά τα stablecoins είναι συνδεδεμένα με παραδοσιακά νομίσματα, όπως το δολάριο ΗΠΑ. Υποστηρίζονται σε αναλογία 1:1, που σημαίνει ότι ο εκδότης τους διατηρεί μία μονάδα του νομίσματος-αναφοράς για κάθε stablecoin που εκδίδεται, σε λογαριασμό εξασφαλίσεων.

Παραδείγματα τέτοιων stablecoins είναι το Tether (USDT), το Paxos Standard Token (PAX), και το USD Coin (USDC). Όλα τους είναι συνδεδεμένα με το δολάριο ΗΠΑ και οι εκδότες τους οφείλουν να διατηρούν ισόποσα αποθεματικά.

Crypto-backed stablecoins (με εξασφάλιση σε crypto)

Μια λιγότερο κοινή εκδοχή είναι τα crypto-backed stablecoins. Εδώ, τα ψηφιακά αυτά περιουσιακά στοιχεία διατηρούν την αξία τους σε σχέση με το κρυπτονόμισμα στο οποίο είναι συνδεδεμένα, χωρίς να απαιτείται η διακράτηση αποθεμάτων από τρίτους.

Ένα χαρακτηριστικό παράδειγμα είναι το DAI, ένα stablecoin που υποστηρίζεται από κρυπτονομίσματα. Δημιουργείται όταν οι χρήστες αποστέλλουν ETH σε ένα smart contract στο δίκτυο Ethereum.

Algorithmic stablecoins (με χρήση smart contracts)

Αυτή η κατηγορία βασίζεται σε αλγορίθμους και smart contracts για τη διατήρηση της τιμής τους. Συνεργάζονται με άλλα κρυπτονομίσματα για να διαχειρίζονται την προσφορά και τη ζήτηση.

Αν το algorithmic stablecoin ξεπεράσει την προκαθορισμένη του τιμή, δημιουργούνται νέα νομίσματα του άλλου crypto, ώστε να μειωθεί η αξία του. Αντίθετα, όταν η τιμή του πέφτει κάτω από το επίπεδο αναφοράς, κάποια νομίσματα καταστρέφονται, αυξάνοντας έτσι την αξία του.

Η επένδυση σε μη εξασφαλισμένα stablecoins, όπως τα algorithmic stablecoins, θεωρείται υψηλού ρίσκου, καθώς πιθανές αποτυχίες στο σύστημα μπορεί να οδηγήσουν σε σημαντικές απώλειες, όπως συνέβη με το Terra LUNA το 2022.

Stablecoins υποστηριζόμενα από εμπορεύματα

Υπάρχουν και stablecoins που υποστηρίζονται από εμπορεύματα ή πολύτιμα μέταλλα, όπως το χρυσάφι. Δημοφιλή παραδείγματα περιλαμβάνουν το Paxos Gold (PAXG) και το Tether Gold (AUXt).

Μερικά stablecoins δεν υποστηρίζονται από φυσικό περιουσιακό στοιχείο, αλλά παραμένουν συνδεδεμένα με την αξία παραδοσιακών νομισμάτων. Αυτά είναι τα ψηφιακά νομίσματα κεντρικών τραπεζών (CBDC), τα οποία εκδίδονται από τις κεντρικές τράπεζες για να προσφέρουν ψηφιακή εκδοχή του εθνικού τους νομίσματος.

Πώς λειτουργούν τα stablecoins;

Τα stablecoins λειτουργούν συνήθως σε blockchain δίκτυα, όπως το Ethereum μέσω του προτύπου ERC-20 token. Τα tokens αυτά λειτουργούν όπως τα υπόλοιπα κρυπτονομίσματα για peer-to-peer συναλλαγές, χρησιμοποιώντας το blockchain για να διασφαλίσουν τη δικτύωση και τις συναλλαγές.

Ο εκδότης του stablecoin είναι υπεύθυνος να διατηρεί τα κατάλληλα αποθεματικά fiat ή ισοδύναμα μετρητών, ανάλογα με το νόμισμα αναφοράς (π.χ. δολάριο ΗΠΑ ή ευρώ). Στην περίπτωση των stablecoins που υποστηρίζονται από εμπορεύματα, η αντίστοιχη ποσότητα εμπορεύματος αποθηκεύεται σε φυσικές τοποθεσίες φύλαξης.

Σε τι χρησιμοποιούνται τα stablecoins;

Καθώς ο κόσμος προσαρμόζεται σταδιακά στη χρήση των κρυπτονομισμάτων, τα stablecoins λειτουργούν ως γέφυρα μεταξύ των παραδοσιακών χρηματοοικονομικών προϊόντων και του ψηφιακού κόσμου.

Προσφέρουν τα οφέλη ενός ψηφιακού νομίσματος χωρίς τη μεταβλητότητα, επιτρέποντας στο οικοσύστημα των crypto να ενσωματωθεί ευκολότερα στην καθημερινή οικονομική δραστηριότητα.

Ποιοι είναι οι κίνδυνοι των stablecoins;

Παρόλο που έχουν σχεδιαστεί για σταθερότητα, τα stablecoins φέρουν κινδύνους. Η αξία τους εξαρτάται από τη σταθερότητα του περιουσιακού στοιχείου στο οποίο είναι συνδεδεμένα και δεν είναι απόλυτα προστατευμένα από ξαφνικές διακυμάνσεις.

Οι ρυθμιστικές εξελίξεις είναι επίσης ένας παράγοντας κινδύνου, καθώς πιθανές αλλαγές στο κανονιστικό πλαίσιο μπορεί να επηρεάσουν τη λειτουργία ή τη νομιμότητά τους. Επιπλέον, η αξιοπιστία του εκδότη παίζει κρίσιμο ρόλο, όπως και η διαφάνεια σχετικά με τα αποθεματικά που τηρούνται.

Ποιος είναι ο σκοπός των stablecoins;

Ίσως αναρωτιέστε γιατί να επιλέξει κάποιος ένα ψηφιακό περιουσιακό στοιχείο με σταθερή αξία. Ωστόσο, τα stablecoins προσφέρουν αρκετά πλεονεκτήματα στο οικοσύστημα των crypto.

Αντιστάθμιση στην αστάθεια

Πρώτα απ’ όλα, προσφέρουν προστασία από τις διακυμάνσεις της αγοράς. Καθώς είναι συνδεδεμένα με ένα υποκείμενο σταθερό περιουσιακό στοιχείο, λειτουργούν ως "ασφαλές καταφύγιο" σε περιόδους αστάθειας.

Εάν η αγορά παρουσιάσει έντονες διακυμάνσεις, η μεταφορά των κεφαλαίων σας σε stablecoin μπορεί να βοηθήσει στη διατήρηση της αξίας τους, μέχρι να επανέλθει η σταθερότητα.

Σταθερότητα τιμών για συναλλαγές

Τα stablecoins προσφέρουν επίσης σταθερότητα στις συναλλαγές, κάτι που είναι χρήσιμο για επιχειρήσεις και επαγγελματίες. Έτσι, μειώνεται ο κίνδυνος μιας συναλλαγής, όπως η πληρωμή για έναν καφέ, να χάνει ξαφνικά την αξία της.

Χρήση στις διεθνείς μεταφορές χρημάτων

Μια άλλη βασική χρήση είναι στις διασυνοριακές μεταφορές χρημάτων. Τα stablecoins γεφυρώνουν το κενό μεταξύ περιοχών, προσφέροντας ταχύτερες και οικονομικότερες μεταφορές σε σύγκριση με τις παραδοσιακές μεθόδους.

Δημοφιλή stablecoins στην αγορά crypto

Από την αμφισβήτηση στην αποδοχή, τα stablecoins βρίσκονται πλέον ανάμεσα στα πέντε μεγαλύτερα κρυπτονομίσματα παγκοσμίως. Παρακάτω, μερικά από τα πιο γνωστά stablecoins.

Tether (USDT)

Ίσως το πιο δημοφιλές stablecoin αυτή τη στιγμή. Παρά τις αντιπαραθέσεις σχετικά με τα αποθεματικά του, το USDT παραμένει ιδιαίτερα αγαπητό σε επιχειρήσεις, διαχειριστές κεφαλαίων και χρήστες crypto παγκοσμίως.

Αρχικά κυκλοφόρησε το 2014 ως Realcoin, και αργότερα έγινε διαθέσιμο σε blockchains όπως Ethereum, EOS, Tron, Algorand και OMG.

Dai (DAI)

Το DAI ξεκίνησε ως Single-Collateral DAI (SAI) και στη συνέχεια εξελίχθηκε σε Multi-Collateral DAI, παραμένοντας συνδεδεμένο με το δολάριο ΗΠΑ.

Διαχειρίζεται από το Maker Protocol και τη MakerDAO, μια αποκεντρωμένη αυτόνομη οργάνωση.

USD Coin (USDC)

Ένα από τα κορυφαία stablecoins με fiat backing, το USDC υποστηρίζεται 1:1 από αποθεματικά σε μετρητά και βραχυπρόθεσμα κρατικά ομόλογα ΗΠΑ. Ο στόχος της εταιρείας πίσω από το USDC είναι να δημιουργήσει ένα παγκόσμιο οικοσύστημα όπου το USDC να γίνεται αποδεκτό από όσο το δυνατόν περισσότερα πορτοφόλια, ανταλλακτήρια και υπηρεσίες.

Εξερευνήστε τον κόσμο των stablecoins στην εφαρμογή Tap

Η αγορά των stablecoins φημίζεται για τη σταθερότητά της και την προστασία που προσφέρει από τις διακυμάνσεις τιμών. Είτε ενδιαφέρεστε για stablecoins με υποστήριξη fiat είτε crypto-backed, η εφαρμογή Tap σας προσφέρει μια ολοκληρωμένη και ασφαλή πλατφόρμα για τη διαχείρισή τους.

Εκτός από το ανταλλακτήριο, η εφαρμογή διαθέτει επίσης πορτοφόλι για αποθήκευση crypto και fiat νομισμάτων, καθώς και προπληρωμένη crypto κάρτα για συναλλαγές σε όλο τον κόσμο, με ένα μόνο άγγιγμα!

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There's a time-old debate over whether hodling or trading leads to better profits when it comes to buying into the cryptocurrency market. While both are great options, in the article below we look at the pros and cons of each option and weigh them up.

What is trading?‍

Trading refers to the buying and selling of financial instruments, assets, or commodities in financial markets with the aim of making a profit. Trading requires continuous monitoring of the charts and frequent study, whether in the crypto or stock market. Crypto trading involves buying and selling crypto at various intervals, whether minutes, hours, days, weeks, months, and years. Despite the greater risks involved, the potential for big percentage returns attracts individuals to trading.

If you want to trade crypto assets, it's essential to have a basic knowledge of the industry and how events in the news may influence Bitcoin's price. Remember to set stop losses and take profits so that you can protect your trade.

The pros of trading

• Potentially sizable profits

Crypto is known to be a volatile market and it's not uncommon to see price movements of 30% or above when crypto trading. With some strong analytical skills, one can observe, analyze and trade these waves and yield sizable profits.

• You're in control

Some people make a living trading part-time or full-time, particularly day trading. Day trading is where you enter and exit positions typically within a 24-hour period. Either way, you are in control of your own hours and workload, allowing you to take a break after you've met or exceeded your daily or weekly earnings targets.

The cons of trading

• Need to know trading fundamentals and technical analysis

Before you begin trading, you need to learn how to do fundamental and technical analysis of charts. This process requires dedicated effort and time investment.

• Need to be able to manage emotions

The prices of cryptocurrencies can change rapidly, making this a more risky proposition than long-term holding. You must be prepared to sell a losing cryptocurrency when it's plunging or decide to hodl for it to recover. Anything might happen in this fast-paced market, so you must make wise decisions without getting emotional.

What is hodling?

The term first came about in 2013 from a misspelled work in a BitcoinTalk Forum. The inebriated trader made the now infamous typo, and the word stuck. Almost a decade later, the term "hodl" remains a permanent fixture in the crypto ecosystem. Some have since branded it as "Hold On for Dear Life".

The term refers to holding a particular cryptocurrency for long periods of time, ignoring market volatility and knuckling through a bear market. As a passive strategy designed for long-term time frames, hodling requires a trader to simply buy a cryptocurrency and hold it in a secure place for months or even years until it reaches your price target.

You can buy Bitcoin or your favorite cryptocurrency at regular intervals if you're planning to HODL. This term is associated with buying a small amount of Bitcoins weekly or monthly. For example, let's say you have $1,000 to buy over time.

In this case, you might purchase $30 in Bitcoin each week or $50 worth every month. By staggering your buys like this rather than putting it all at once, you minimize the likelihood of price fluctuations having as much impact on the price per coin. This strategy prefers to buy Bitcoin over trade Bitcoin.

The upside to hodling

• Minimal effort

Hodling requires initial research into the cryptocurrency you wish to buy in (very important ans crucial to do your own research). From there establish your budget and strategy.

• Minimal stress

The crypto market is known for its significant swings in value. Thankfully with hodling there is no need to time the market for entry and exit positions or watch the chart all of the time.

• Minimal trading fees

Save money on trading fees by conducting on a few transactions, versus the many you will need to do when day trading. Some countries won't even charge tax on your crypto gains after a certain period of time (but be sure to check this in your area).

The downside of hodling

• Need patience

As hodling is a long-term strategy approach it requires patience and mental endurance. If you decide to use the Hodling strategy you'll need to manage emotions during tough market fluctuations and might need to wait years before being able to cash in on any ROI (return on investment).

• Funds are locked in

Because this is a long-term strategy, your funds would be inaccessible for an extended period of time. This might result in foregone opportunities to invest elsewhere in the crypto space or any other market.

However, this can be avoided by leaving your funds in a crypto interest account. Tap provides users access to yield-generating wallets that allow you to enjoy both the long-term price gains as well as the returns.

In Conclusion: hodling vs trading

If you're a novice cryptocurrency investor, proceed with caution. There is no right or wrong answer to which of these strategies is "superior" and you could always combine both methods to match your portfolio depending of your risk appetite. Always keep in mind that before making any decisions, always do your homework, research about the asset you wish to purchase and about diversifying your portfolio to reduce risk regardless of the strategy you pick.

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There are plenty of reports of investors making huge gains in the crypto market over the years, however, there are plenty more ones on people who have lost money. While investing is designed to increase your personal wealth, many investors are often intimidated by the digital currency market due to its volatility and age. In this piece, we're going to run you through the various ways of making money from cryptocurrencies without making a single trade. 

After the economies around the world were deeply affected by the Covid-19 pandemic, now is as good a time as any to regain control over your funds and use passive income opportunities as a tool to do so. Tap into the innovation available in the crypto space to pay off your mortgage, bond or leverage your pension and forget about fluctuating market prices.

Passive income 101

The least risky way in which to build your personal wealth is through passive income. Passive income involves generating money from investments that don't require any intervention. This includes activities such as earning dividends from stocks, automated sales through a business, monthly or annual rental from properties, etc. 

Another avenue of passive income is earning interest on money in the bank. In this case, the bank will pay you a predetermined percentage of the funds stored in that account. Thankfully, the crypto space has caught up and currently has a number of programs that are offering crypto holders the same benefits, albeit with far greater interest rates. While the regulation surrounding these programs is still being structured, many reliable and trustworthy platforms are offering programs worth taking advantage of.

How to earn passive income with crypto

Below we explore several smart ways in which you can earn a passive income with crypto, all designed to grow your capital. These options are outside of the decentralized finance (DeFi) space so as to avoid any potential problems or scams, rather stick to reliable platforms and networks as outlined below.

Staking

As the crypto space has evolved, many platforms have shifted from the original Proof of Work consensus mechanism to a Proof of Stake one. PoW involves miners competing to solve a complex cryptographic puzzle in order to validate transactions on the network and earn the block reward.

PoS models are less energy-intensive and instead require validators on the network to stake a certain amount of the native cryptocurrency in order to validate the transactions and earn the reward. Anyone can get involved thanks to the likes of PoS platforms like Cardano, Polkadot, and Ethereum 2.0.

Stakers can delegate crypto to a validator and earn a portion of the payouts when the validator completes the process. Requiring very little technical knowledge and minimal capital (each platform is different), staking provides an easy opportunity for a cryptocurrency holder to earn passive income. 

Stakes can also opt to be a validator, which requires a considerable amount of effort and technical information. With two options available when it comes to staking, one can either opt to be a validator or delegate coins to a validator. The former will require more capital and attention but yield higher returns, while the latter provides lower returns but ensures that the validators do all the work. 

Mining‍

On the other side of the coin, there is mining. Mining is native to PoW networks and involves confirming transactions for a reward. Networks vary in terms of what computer resources one might need, although cheap electricity is essential as these machines typically require large amounts of power. 

The world of mining has progressed in leaps and bounds since the early days of using CPUs to mine Bitcoin. Should one want to explore this path, we advise you do extensive research on the cost implications beforehand. 

Lending

A method favoured by long term investors looking to earn interest on their already accumulated crypto assets, lending involves borrowing the funds to a platform in return for interest. These funds are typically locked away for a certain period of time in exchange for interest payments later on. 

Peer-to-peer (P2P) lending platforms usually have a fixed or variable interest rate and will handle the logistics of the borrower and lender. These types of services are often found on platforms that offer margin trading. 

Make money without engaging in any trades, with no betting on the outcome of the market. Passive income from cryptocurrencies can be done simply by storing your already accumulated digital currencies in an income-generating account. Experiences on various platforms will vary, however, in most cases the customer will deposit their funds into a specific account and earn interest in the same currency. Check the platform's publication for guidance if you need any assistance.

When referring to the yield on an investment, this indicates the earnings generated over a certain period of time. It is generally presented in percentage form and includes the interest or dividends relevant to the initial investment. 

While returns are calculated using the difference in value at two specific points in time, the yield will calculate the total (net) value earned over a period of time. This provides an invaluable tool in helping you understand the potential value of an investment. 

Basic yield is calculated as the net realised return divided by the initial investment amount. For example, if an investor bought $100 worth of Bitcoin which grew to $2,000 in the next year, then the formula would look like this:

$1,900 / $100 = 19
-> which translates to 1900%. 

There are several different formulas based on the type of yield you wish to calculate. These include:

• Yield on Stocks
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• Yield on Bonds
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• Yield to Maturity

• Yield to Worst

• Yield to Call

A high yield isn’t necessarily a good thing. Should the market’s decline or the company pays out high dividends the yield will still reflect as high. Always do your own research when considering an investment, or trust a financial advisor. 

Since stablecoins emerged in the crypto sphere, many have questioned their legitimacy. While cryptocurrencies are perhaps more frequently used as a tool for value storage rather than a means of transaction, coins (or any financial products) that cannot appreciate in value certainly raise several questions. So why have stablecoins become so popular among businesses and individuals alike? Below we're taking a look at their use cases and reporting on whether they're the safe haven of crypto. 

What are stablecoins?

Before we continue, let's clarify what stablecoins are. These types of cryptocurrencies are "stable assets" that have their value pegged to a fiat currency or commodity. This might include the US dollar, Euros, the price of gold or even other cryptocurrencies. So while Bitcoin (BTC) and Ethereum (ETH) are subject to bouts of volatility, stablecoins remain consistent with the price of the money they are pegged to.

Stablecoins are not to be confused with CBDCs (central bank digital currencies) which are operated by a government-controlled organisation, usually a country's national bank. Stablecoins are controlled by a company and utilise blockchain technology to facilitate transactions, store the relevant data and maintain security.

Stablecoins' economic policy ensures that they maintain their value through the use of smart contracts, algorithms and reserves. For each Tether in circulation, for example, one US dollar needs to be held in a reserve account. These types of cryptocurrency tokens provide a reliable and non-volatile means of making payments with the companies issuing them regulating the circulating supply.

What value do Stablecoins provide?

While many might not initially see that value in a fiat-pegged cryptocurrency, stablecoins are actually hugely useful in a largely volatile market. Let the current top 5 biggest cryptocurrencies based on market cap in the industry be an indication, with two of the five being stablecoins. 

As stablecoins utilise blockchain technology, the coins naturally inherit all the characteristics of seamless and fast digital transactions (as well as transparency when it comes to transactions). Much like traditional digital assets, stablecoins can be transferred across borders instantly, a much faster and cheaper alternative to using fiat currencies and without the chance of price swings. Users, whether consumers or businesses are able to buy, store and sell stablecoins as they would any other cryptocurrency on the market.

For example, should you wish to pay a business in another country for services rendered or any other expense, it would prove to be much faster and cheaper to use a stablecoin than to send your local currency via traditional banking services. Stablecoins offer a much more streamlined means of completing the job.

Stablecoins also provide an entry into exchanges that don't work with fiat currencies, providing a reliable means of trading on those platforms. Stablecoins have also come to be known as "risk-off" assets, giving newer traders a chance to "test" the markets without the volatility. 

This innovation in the blockchain space has opened many new markets to the use of cryptocurrencies, certainly more mainstream markets across a wide range of countries. As information regarding how they work spreads, more businesses have opened their mind to using them in everyday working life. Stablecoins have also become a popular option with users trading on DeFi (decentralised finance) platforms, providing a secure and efficient means of using the products.

Are stablecoins the safe haven of crypto?

In essence, yes. Since the advent of stablecoins (marked by the launch of Tether) in 2014, there has been a number of new stablecoins to emerge, resulting in more confidence in crypto markets. This has equated to more movement and trade volume, and a lower risk management sector.

So while one isn't going to make huge returns (if any) on stablecoins, they bring value to the market due to their stability and transaction ability. 

As stablecoins are used by traders to hedge against falling markets, they provide a safe haven for their digital funds until the markets return to normal levels. Businesses around the world use stablecoins as they provide a faster and cheaper means of settling bills, allowing them to harness the power of blockchain technology without the worry of prices rising or falling in a short space of time. 

Tap into stability

Tap can support your market entry endeavors by providing a platform to include a variety of assets in your portfolio. Whether you're considering accumulating stablecoins during market shifts or looking to engage in various transactions, Tap offers a streamlined experience. You can easily acquire, sell, trade, store, and manage widely utilized stablecoins like Tether (USDT) and USD Coin (USDC), all from a single secure platform.

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The global financial crash in 2007 was the catalyst for the creation of Bitcoin. Designed to provide a decentralized way in which people can manage their own money, digital currencies slowly infiltrated the greater financial markets. 

Almost a decade later, crypto adoption is at its highest and for the first time challenging traditional financial institutions and their product range. So, which is better? Let's explore the pros and cons of each category. 

Blockchain technology has seen an incredible increase in interest in the last few years. While it provides a universal backbone relevant to almost any industry, it has also brought the world cryptocurrencies, NFTs, decentralized finance (DeFi) and other digital assets. 

Tackling existing centralized monetary challenges, blockchain technology and digital currencies are two of the greatest inventions of the 21st century. ‍

Digital currency versus banking

Cryptocurrencies are decentralized digital currencies that can be used to exchange goods and services as well as a store of value. They're typically acquired through crypto exchanges and kept in secure crypto wallets. These virtual currencies are autonomous, operate in a secure manner with little human interaction, and are increasingly considered the future of finance.

The predominant financial systems in the world are currently banks. They provide financial services to those that meet their requirements, including loans, savings, and other financial services. 

However, unlike cryptocurrencies, they have several problems core to them being centralized and susceptible to biases. They're also slower than cryptos, and some of them charge exorbitant interest rates on loans as well as routine purchases. 
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The pros and cons of the Banking system vs digital currencies

There has been little development in the banking sector in the last several decades, so while the products are useful there has been very little innovation in the space. Below we outline the current challenges that the traditional systems face when compared to the advantages of a digital currency. 

Financial Inclusivity

Banks are notorious for requiring lengthy paperwork and in-depth background checks. They are also known to provide different products and limits to different groups of people, including payment durations, soft loans, limits, etc. 

When creating the digital currency Bitcoin, Satoshi Nakamoto wanted to counteract this financial inclusivity pertaining to fiat currencies and the greater financial system and instead provide a financial product available to all. Cryptocurrencies, therefore, do not require any paperwork or identification to operate or open a digital wallet. 

While buying digital assets on an exchange will require personal information, they do not require any background checks or credit scores. Unlike in the traditional financial system, engaging in crypto markets is also not exclusive to location, allowing anyone from any corner of the globe to immediately access the digital payment systems. 

Accessibility

Banking institutions operate within certain hours and are closed on weekends, meaning that transactions can sometimes take days to clear. They will also typically require an in-person authentication for very large transactions, and affect the remittance markets in the global financial system. 

Cryptocurrencies on the other hand operate 24/7 (even on public holidays) as they are maintained by members all around the world. Cryptocurrencies provide zero downtime with unlimited amounts and do not require third-party authentication before making transactions. One digital currency can send value to the other side of the world in minutes, requiring no in-person authentication. 

Security

The banking industry, particularly online systems, are susceptible to being hacked, alongside fraudulent activities and money embezzlement. While this is not always the direct fault of the central bank or financial institutions, it has become a common problem as ill actors have learned how to navigate the security systems and trick the owners of these accounts. 

Through the use of blockchain technology, transactions cannot be intercepted or reversed, and are handled in a peer-to-peer nature ensuring that they do not go through a third party for authentication and require minimal human interference. 

Fees and Transaction Times

During transaction periods, banks often add on extra costs and taxes. When sending and receiving money, banks frequently charge very high transaction fees and taxes, especially when conducting international remittances. These transactions also take a long time to clear due to their sluggish procedures, especially for large amounts of cash.

Cryptocurrencies provide an excellent solution to the remittance markets as they provide fast and cheap transactions. Blockchain technology ensures that they clear in several minutes (depending on the cryptocurrency and the network’s congestion at the time) and that they are sent directly to the recipient’s wallet (as opposed to waiting for the receiving bank to clear the transaction). 

Diversification

Traditional banking services generally lack significant diversification options due to their competitive pricing structures. However, cryptocurrencies enable users to engage with multiple products simultaneously, which can provide opportunities for leveraging various networks and creating portfolios with reduced risk concentration.

Smart Contracts

Another advantage that blockchain currently holds over traditional banking systems is the use of smart contracts. Smart contracts are digital agreements that automatically execute once predetermined criteria have been met. Leveraging smart contracts in the financial services industry offers a seamless and entirely decentralized approach to modern banking.

Which is Better: The central bank or digital assets?

Comparing central banks and digital assets reveals intriguing aspects of both systems. Banking systems have become an integral part of modern society, underpinning economies and facilitating everyday financial transactions. They offer stability, regulatory frameworks, and familiarity to the masses.

On the other hand, cryptocurrencies introduce a realm of innovation. Their decentralized nature challenges traditional financial paradigms, enabling secure and direct peer-to-peer transactions. Additionally, cryptocurrencies empower novel applications such as smart contracts, decentralized finance (DeFi), and tokenization of assets.

Selecting one over the other isn't straightforward due to their contrasting strengths. Central banks provide stability and a well-established foundation, while digital assets spark possibilities for disruption and financial inclusivity.

Presently, these financial systems coexist synergistically. The banking system maintains its role as a bedrock for economic operations, while digital assets complement by offering alternative avenues for value exchange and financial exploration. As both systems continue to evolve, it's likely that their interaction will shape the financial landscape in intricate and unexpected ways.

Why not use both? Tap offers the perfect solution to merging the best of both worlds through an innovative alt-banking mobile app. Through the app, users can load both fiat and cryptocurrencies into their unique, secure digital wallets and use both interchangeably to pay bills, send money to friends, and even earn interest. Get the best of both worlds by enjoying the benefits of both the traditional banking systems and cryptocurrencies. 

Why not harness the strengths of both paradigms? Embracing this dual approach, Tap presents a groundbreaking solution that seamlessly blends the attributes of both money accounts and digital assets within an innovative mobile application. Tap empowers users to effortlessly load fiat currencies alongside cryptocurrencies into their individualized, secure digital wallets.

This fusion enables users to fluidly alternate between these assets for various purposes, such as settling bills, conducting peer-to-peer transactions, and even capitalizing on interest-earning opportunities. By embracing this convergence, you can truly enjoy the advantages offered by both traditional finance and the dynamic potential of cryptocurrencies.

The Curve protocol and Curve DAO token form another innovative project to come from the DeFi movement and one that provides a particularly unique and well-designed concept. Improving on functionalities that DeFi platforms like Uniswap and Sushiswap have otherwise neglected, Curve focuses on providing a viable alternative solution to traditional financial platforms in the blockchain industry.  

The Curve Finance platform, launched in January 2020, later released a decentralised autonomous organisation (DAO) alongside the Curve DAO token eight months later. CRV functions as the in-house token of the platform.  

What Is Curve DAO (CRV)?

The Curve platform, formally known as Curve Finance, provides traders with a decentralised exchange on which to swap digital assets. Curve aims to provide minimum price slippage between two tradable crypto assets by focusing on stablecoins or assets of similar value. Through an automated market maker (AMM) and focused smart contracts, the decentralised exchange is able to manage liquidity.  

While the platform can be compared to Uniswap, in reality, it has some key differences and a much higher amount of locked liquidity. The platform and its liquidity providers are more focused on stablecoins and other coins of that nature. CRV tokens fuel the network and are a tradable asset for crypto users.

The Curve DAO provides more decentralised governance to Curve's trading platform. The Curve protocol has grown into a well-respected financial asset within the DeFi ecosystem with its strong DeFi protocol.

Who created the Curve protocol?

The Curve platform was created by a Russian scientist with ample experience in the crypto industry. Michael Egorov both founded the platform and acts as its CEO. He previously co-founded a crypto business focused on building privacy-oriented protocols and infrastructure, NuCypher, in 2015, as well as LoanCoin, a decentralised bank and loans network.

As of August 2020, Egorov holds 71% of the governance tokens after locking up a large amount of CRV tokens in response to yearn.finance’s increasing voting power in the Curve network. In a statement made later, Egorov admitted to “overreacting”.  

How does Curve work?

Launched prior to Uniswap V2, Curve Finance operates similarly to the DeFi platform but has implemented some key differences. The decentralised exchange differentiates itself from the original AMM platform by innovating the liquidity pool trading structure and relevant smart contracts.

The Curve DAO trading platform is managed by a mathematical function called a bonding curve, which is designed to let cryptocurrencies trade for the best possible price amongst each other. Bonding curves are also used by other DeFi trading platforms, like Uniswap.

Due to the Curve DAO platform being primarily focused on stablecoins, its bonding curve is specifically focused on these pegged digital currencies and is able to trade a larger amount of stablecoins with less change in their relative prices in a liquidity pool.

Lending pools

In order for the Curve DAO platform to operate, it requires a group of users who are willing to lock up their cryptocurrencies in order for them to be traded by others. The platform provides a return on their coins plus a portion of the fees from trades when incentivizing liquidity providers.

The platform manages the coins in the liquidity pools by making them more expensive or cheaper, based on their fluctuating amounts, thereby making them more attractive to buyers and sellers using the platform.

On Uniswap, liquidity pools are based strictly on predetermined trading pairs while on Curve DAO the liquidity pools comprise multiple assets. On Curve DAO, entire liquidity pools can also be used as an asset inside another liquidity pool.

How does a trader use the liquidity pools?

Once a trader adds liquidity to a specific pool, through stablecoins or other digital assets, the user will receive a token specific to that pool. 3pool is an example of one of the most popular liquidity pools on the Curve platform.  

While the platform is known to provide trading for stablecoins, it also supports mirrored assets such as renBTC and wBTC. These assets are both built on the Ethereum blockchain and track the price of Bitcoin in a typical derivatives fashion. Since the prices are close in value they can function in the same pool and be traded using the Curve DEX.

What is the Curve DAO token (CRV)?

The CRV token is the utility token and governance token of the Curve DAO platform, providing users with governance rights, an incentive structure for fee payments, as well as providing long-term rewards to liquidity providers. CRV tokens are awarded to users based on their liquidity commitment and length of ownership.  

The Curve DAO token was launched alongside the Curve DAO in August 2020. The maximum supply is 3.03 billion CRV tokens, with 62% of that being distributed to liquidity providers. The rest is allocated between employees (3%), and shareholders (30%), and a small percentage is kept for community reserves (5%). Employee and shareholder allocations work off of a two-year vesting schedule.  

At the time of writing, over 531 million CRV tokens are in circulation, roughly 16% of the total supply.  The market cap at the time was around $365 million, positioning the Curve DAO token network in the top 20 biggest platforms in the DeFi ecosystem.

How can I buy Curve DAO tokens?

If you’d like to buy Curve DAO tokens to include in your crypto portfolio, you can do so easily through the Tap mobile app. Providing a highly secure and equally simple crypto trading platform, users can buy CRV with British Pounds or Euros, or exchange tokens for other cryptocurrencies supported on the platform such as Bitcoin or Ethereum.  

Simply download the app, create an account and follow the steps to get verified through the KYC process. You will then have access to several wallets, and a much simpler crypto trading experience.  

Τι είναι ένα crypto ticker;

Το ticker είναι η συντομογραφία που χρησιμοποιείται για να αναγνωριστεί ένα κρυπτονόμισμα σε ένα ανταλλακτήριο. Για παράδειγμα, το BTC αναφέρεται στο Bitcoin και το ETH στο Ethereum.

Μπορούν δύο νομίσματα να έχουν το ίδιο ticker;

Όχι επίσημα. Αν και μερικά μικρότερα νομίσματα προσπαθούν να εκμεταλλευτούν τη φήμη πιο γνωστών νομισμάτων χρησιμοποιώντας το ίδιο ticker, κάτι τέτοιο συνήθως αποτελεί ένδειξη απάτης.

Για να σας βοηθήσουμε, παρακάτω έχουμε οργανώσει μερικά βασικά tickers ανά κατηγορία.

Νομίσματα για καθημερινές πληρωμές

BTC – Bitcoin

Το πρώτο και πιο γνωστό κρυπτονόμισμα.

LTC – Litecoin

Γρήγορες και φθηνές συναλλαγές, βασισμένο στο Bitcoin.

XRP – Ripple

Ιδανικό για διασυνοριακές πληρωμές με χαμηλές καθυστερήσεις.

Stablecoins

USDC – USD Coin

Συνδεδεμένο με το δολάριο ΗΠΑ, κυκλοφορεί από τη Circle και τη Coinbase.

USDT – Tether

Το πρώτο stablecoin που κυκλοφόρησε και παραμένει ένα από τα πιο διαδεδομένα.

Meme Coins

DOGE – Dogecoin

Το original meme token, δημιουργήθηκε για πλάκα αλλά παραμένει δημοφιλές.

SHIB – Shiba Inu

Μια απάντηση στο Dogecoin με δικό του οικοσύστημα και κοινότητα.

Πλατφόρμες για ανάπτυξη εφαρμογών

ETH – Ethereum

Η πιο διαδεδομένη πλατφόρμα για έξυπνα συμβόλαια και dApps.

ADA – Cardano

Εστιάζει στην ακαδημαϊκή προσέγγιση και την αποτελεσματικότητα.

DOT – Polkadot

Επιτρέπει σε διαφορετικά blockchains να επικοινωνούν μεταξύ τους.

LINK – Chainlink

Γεφυρώνει δεδομένα του πραγματικού κόσμου με έξυπνα συμβόλαια.

SOL – Solana

Δυνατό blockchain με υψηλές ταχύτητες και χαμηλά κόστη.

Παιχνίδια και metaverse

MANA – Decentraland

Το εγχώριο νόμισμα της πλατφόρμας Decentraland, χρησιμοποιείται για συναλλαγές εντός του παιχνιδιού.

Ένας πρακτικός οδηγός για να αποφεύγετε την σύγχυση με τα tickers

Καθώς εξερευνάτε τον κόσμο των crypto, είναι σημαντικό να καταλαβαίνετε ποιο είναι ποιο. Με την πληθώρα νέων έργων που εμφανίζονται συνεχώς, τα tickers μπορεί να δημιουργήσουν σύγχυση, ειδικά αν κάποια προσπαθούν να μιμηθούν μεγαλύτερα και πιο αξιόπιστα νομίσματα.

Η πλατφόρμα Tap προσφέρει έναν εύκολο και ασφαλή τρόπο για να αγοράζετε και να αποθηκεύετε κρυπτονομίσματα, εμφανίζοντας πάντα τις τιμές σε πραγματικό χρόνο ώστε να ξέρετε τι αγοράζετε — χωρίς εκπλήξεις.

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Τι είναι το Chainlink;

Το Chainlink είναι ένα αποκεντρωμένο δίκτυο oracle που επιτρέπει στα smart contracts να συνδεθούν με δεδομένα του πραγματικού κόσμου. Από τιμές fiat νομισμάτων και καιρικές προβλέψεις, μέχρι APIs και τραπεζικές πληρωμές, το Chainlink προσφέρει έναν ασφαλή τρόπο για να «μιλάνε» τα blockchain με τον έξω κόσμο.

Αυτό λύνει ένα βασικό πρόβλημα των smart contracts: χωρίς πρόσβαση σε εξωτερικά δεδομένα, πολλά από αυτά δεν μπορούν να λειτουργήσουν όπως πρέπει.

Πώς λειτουργεί το Chainlink;

Το Chainlink συνδέει smart contracts με εξωτερικά δεδομένα μέσω ενός αποκεντρωμένου δικτύου από oracles.

Αναλυτικά η διαδικασία περιλαμβάνει 3 βασικά στάδια:

1. Επιλογή Oracle

Ο χρήστης δημιουργεί μια συμφωνία παροχής υπηρεσιών (SLA) όπου ορίζει τα δεδομένα που χρειάζεται. Το δίκτυο στη συνέχεια επιλέγει τους κατάλληλους oracles και ο χρήστης καταθέτει το απαιτούμενο ποσό σε LINK tokens.

2. Αναφορά Δεδομένων

Οι oracles συλλέγουν τα δεδομένα από τις εξωτερικές πηγές και τα στέλνουν πίσω στο smart contract μέσω του Chainlink.

3. Συγκέντρωση Αποτελεσμάτων

Τα αποτελέσματα συγκρίνονται σε ένα aggregation contract για να ελεγχθεί η αξιοπιστία και η ακρίβεια. Όσο πιο ακριβής και συνεπής είναι ένας oracle, τόσο υψηλότερο reputation score αποκτά.

Ποιος δημιούργησε το Chainlink;

Το Chainlink ιδρύθηκε το 2017 από τους Sergey Nazarov και Steve Ellis, οι οποίοι είχαν προηγουμένως αναπτύξει το SmartContract.com.

Η ιδέα ξεκίνησε ως ένας τρόπος να «ζωντανέψουν» τα smart contracts δίνοντάς τους πρόσβαση σε τραπεζικά συστήματα και εξωτερικά δεδομένα. Το whitepaper δημοσιεύτηκε το 2017 και η πρώτη πώληση LINK tokens μέσω ICO συγκέντρωσε $32 εκατομμύρια.

Γιατί Chainlink και όχι κάποιο άλλο oracle;

Το Chainlink είναι αποκεντρωμένο, πράγμα που σημαίνει ότι δεν εξαρτάται από έναν μόνο πάροχο δεδομένων. Αντίθετα, τα δεδομένα προέρχονται από πολλαπλούς oracles, διασταυρώνονται και επαληθεύονται πριν χρησιμοποιηθούν από το smart contract.

Επιπλέον, το Chainlink:

• Λειτουργεί σε Proof-of-Stake σύστημα.
• Προσφέρει διαφάνεια και επαλήθευση μέσω reputation scoring.
• Μπορεί να συνδεθεί με οποιαδήποτε blockchain και οποιοδήποτε API.

Τι είναι το LINK;

Το LINK είναι το native token του Chainlink και έχει τρεις κύριες χρήσεις:

• Πληρωμή των oracles για την παροχή δεδομένων
• Κίνητρο για συνεπή και αξιόπιστη λειτουργία των node operators
• Staking για συμμετοχή στο δίκτυο και διασφάλιση της αξιοπιστίας

Οι node operators ποντάρουν LINK tokens ως εγγύηση για τις υπηρεσίες τους, ενώ οι χρήστες πληρώνουν σε LINK για να αποκτήσουν τα δεδομένα που χρειάζονται.

Πώς με ωφελεί το Chainlink;

Το Chainlink είναι ιδανικό για όποιον θέλει να φέρει τα έξυπνα συμβόλαια πιο κοντά στην πραγματικότητα.

Αν είσαι developer, μπορείς να χρησιμοποιήσεις το Chainlink για:

• Τιμές συναλλάγματος
• Καιρικές συνθήκες
• Αποτελέσματα αγώνων
• Σύνδεση με τραπεζικά APIs και πολλά άλλα

Επιτρέπει στις εφαρμογές σου να λειτουργούν με αληθινά δεδομένα με ασφαλή και αποκεντρωμένο τρόπο.

Πώς μπορώ να αγοράσω LINK;

Μπορείς να αγοράσεις LINK απευθείας μέσα από την εφαρμογή Tap.

• Κάνε σύνδεση ή δημιουργία λογαριασμού
• Επίλεξε LINK στο ανταλλακτήριο
• Αγόρασέ το με κάρτα Visa / Mastercard ή μέσω άλλου crypto

Το LINK θα αποθηκευτεί αυτόματα στο ασφαλές crypto πορτοφόλι σου μέσα στην εφαρμογή.

Συμπερασματικά

Το Chainlink γεφυρώνει το χάσμα μεταξύ blockchain και του πραγματικού κόσμου. Με ένα ισχυρό αποκεντρωμένο σύστημα oracles και το utility token LINK, προσφέρει ασφαλή, διαφανή και αξιόπιστη πρόσβαση σε εξωτερικά δεδομένα για κάθε είδους smart contracts.

Είτε χτίζεις εφαρμογές, είτε επενδύεις σε κρυπτονομίσματα, το Chainlink είναι σίγουρα ένα project που αξίζει την προσοχή σου.

Cryptocurrency whitepapers are detailed documents that outline the project's intentions, products, and infrastructure. While there isn't a rule on what needs to be included, most projects aim to share as much information about how the project aims to succeed in the hopes of building investors' trust, and interest.

Some of the topics typically covered include a summary of the project's team, goals, products, features, and tokenomics. When researching a blockchain or cryptocurrency project, whitepapers are a very good place to start.

What is a whitepaper?

A typical cryptocurrency whitepaper is usually a report or guide that teaches its readers about a certain topic or problem. As an example, developers might make a whitepaper covering their software to inform users about what they are constructing and why.

In the crypto space, a whitepaper is released by a project and assists in outlining the technical guidelines and core features of the project. While many whitepapers focus on specific coins or tokens, they can also be concentrated around various types of projects, like decentralized finance (DeFi) platforms, for example.

Cryptocurrency whitepapers will typically consist of statistics and diagrams outlining the project's core date, as well as the governing structure of the project, the team involved in creating and leading it, and their roadmap (current and future development plans).

What value do crypto project whitepapers serve?

Despite not being worth a monetary value, whitepapers play an important role in the crypto space. While there are no official criteria for creating them, whitepapers are integral to investors, researchers, developers, and industry insiders.

A great place to start for anyone interested in a project is to read through the whitepaper. If you're considering investing, it's best to meticulously read through it again. Whitepapers often provide insights into the project's potential red flags and a means to monitor whether they are sticking to their forecasted timeline.

A number of blockchain projects that have crashed displayed subtle warning signs in their whitepaper, like promising a deliverable without providing any evidence on how it will be executed.

How does one make a cryptocurrency whitepaper?

There are no official rules or outlines that projects need to follow when creating a crypto whitepaper, each blockchain project may determine what is best for that individual situation. As mentioned earlier, these are often the first official documents outlining the project to potential investors, so thorough and informative content depicting the project's structure, goals, and roadmap is best included.

Whitepapers should always be neutral, and avoid persuasive language or making too many promises. This is essentially a "business plan" in the crypto sense released to investors or the public prior to launching.

What info is included whitepaper?

Objectives

Whitepapers are created by founders to provide a comprehensive overview of both the project and the goal. For instance, Bitcoin's whitepaper describes the project's core objective as "A purely peer-to-peer version of electronic cash would allow online payments to be sent directly from one party to another without going through a financial institution."

While Ethereum's whitepaper describes its intention as "The intent of Ethereum is to create an alternative protocol for building decentralized applications."

In a good cryptocurrency whitepaper, the project will outline what specific problem it aims to solve, and how it will improve various aspects of people's lives. Be cautious of projects that promise the world but have little in the way of evidence to back these claims. In the ICO boom of 2017, thousands of projects overpromised and underdelivered (if they delivered at all).

Blockchain specifications

Whitepapers will typically include how the cryptocurrency will work and function in the greater crypto ecosystem. This might outline technical aspects like the consensus mechanism the blockchain will utilize and how the decentralized aspect of the network will function.

Tokenomics

Another core piece of information that should be included in a project's whitepaper is the tokenomics. This will include information on the token, how it will be allocated, whether will it participate in token burns, or any incentive mechanisms.

Roadmaps

Roadmaps (a project timeline)are not just useful to see how a project aims to deliver on its objectives, but also provide insights into whether the project can keep up with its promises. While missing a deadline isn't a deal breaker in the crypto space, being open and communicating why is important.

Readability

A well-articulated whitepaper will typically be written in a manner that anyone can understand them. However, its important for the new blockchain project to also include certain technical specifications to provide evidence of the project's competence. Anyone can write a whitepaper, it takes technical know-how to create a blockchain platform.

Tips for reading a cryptocurrency whitepaper

• first and foremost, ALWAYS read a project's whitepaper before investing
• read whitepapers with a pinch of salt, they must be neutral and not over-promise
• Look into the team members and their experience in the crypto and blockchain realm
• a great idea doesn't necessarily mean it will be used or adopted
• look for technical explanations that showcase the project's understanding

Examples of crypto projects’ whitepapers

The Bitcoin whitepaper (2008)

The instigator of the entire cryptocurrency industry, Satoshi Nakamoto, an anonymous individual or group, published the Bitcoin whitepaper in 2008. The paper is called "Bitcoin: A Peer-to-Peer Electronic Cash System."

The whitepaper explains how Bitcoin can be used as a more efficient and decentralized form of money, outside the traditional banking model. It gives technical explanations of how the peer-to-peer Bitcoin network allows users to send digital currency without intermediaries. The whitepaper also outlines how the Bitcoin network is resistant to censorship and double-spending attacks.

The project launched two months later in January 2009.

The Ethereum whitepaper (2014)

While Bitcoin launched the crypto industry, Ethereum played a pivotal role in the development of the blockchain space. The Ethereum whitepaper was published in 2014 by a young developer named Vitalik Buterin and titled "Ethereum whitepaper: A Next Generation Smart Contract & Decentralized Application Platform."

In the Ethereum whitepaper, Vitalik outlines how the platform's intentions differ from Bitcoin's. The whitepaper outlined how the platform would allow developers to create and launch decentralized applications (now commonly known as dapps) and included technological solutions that backed these goals, such as the Ethereum Virtual Machine and smart contracts.

In conclusion

Crypto whitepapers are not legally regulated, meaning that anyone can write one. Although a cryptocurrency whitepaper should provide readers with an understanding of what the project plans to do and how, it's crucial, if you're interested in a particular project, to consider red flags and risks when reading through the document.

Building wealth doesn't have to wait until you're settled down and "old". In fact, the sooner you start the better. Whether you want to buy a house one day, or start saving for retirement, starting to generate wealth earlier on will help you achieve these goals sooner.

Your 20’s & 30’s pose an excellent opportunity to build wealth as these years allow you to learn from your mistakes and take risks with a minimal downside (far fewer than if you started this process when you've got a family to support or an upcoming retirement).

There are two important notions to remember: this is not a get-rich-quick scheme, nor does it need to be complicated. Building wealth is more about setting yourself up on the fast but responsible track to wealth in later years.

8 Tips on how to build wealth

Below are 8 tips on how to stay on the straight and narrow when it comes to generating wealth.

1. Create a living expenses budget and stick to it

It might not sound glamorous, but budgeting and saving money is not as bad as you think. Creating a budget for your living expenses (and sticking to it) is one of the surest ways to grow your money in the long term. Explore options like the 50/30/20 rule or 70/20/20 rule to establish what to spend on needs, wants, and savings each month and provide frameworks that allow you to save more money.

Living on a budget doesn't mean skimping on luxuries, it simply means managing spending money on luxuries and not overspending. It also trains us not to live paycheck to paycheck and instead determine exactly what we are spending our money on and ultimately save more money for the things we want to do in life (like buy a house or build a healthy retirement fund).

Financial independence takes work but is not entirely out of reach for anyone. One needs to start building a financial plan today in order to accumulate wealth further down the line.

2. Start eradicating your debt (from credit card debt to student loan debt)

Prioritise paying off your debt and living within your means in order to build your personal capital. Of course, sometimes debt is unavoidable, but bouncing back is imperative to building wealth down the line. Consider saving up to pay off your debt before using those savings for investments.

The 20/10 rule stipulates that you use a maximum of 20% of your annual net income on consumer debt, while each month you use no more than 10% of your net monthly income to pay off this debt. Ideally, stay away from consumer debt entirely and prioritize paying off anything you owe so that you can have more money in the long run.

3. Explore the working world

Your 20s are a great time to try new things in the job world. Explore new opportunities and build your experiences to grow your earning potential down the line. Consider each new job experience an opportunity to grow your skill set and increase your earning potential as you ascend the corporate jungle gym.

While a job might not pay more money, the experience it gives you can leverage your next job and result in greater financial success. It also might help you find money-minded friends, a great benefit to have when building wealth and personal capital.

4. Increase your income streams and make more money

While you're gaining experience in the working world consider building multiple income streams through side hustles, your own business or freelance gigs. Not only will this too contribute to a wider skill set, but will also create additional income streams which can be used for investments or holidays. You can build wealth while enjoying life, and additional income streams are the surefire way to do this and achieve financial freedom.

5. Educate yourself on finances

You're more likely to grow financially if you understand finances. Never underestimate the power of being financially literate and having the right money mindset. Use your twenties to read books, articles, and blogs to gain both knowledge and street-smartness to help you navigate your journey to financial freedom.

6. Investing

First, and as a continuation of the point above, do your own research before investing in any asset class. Investing from an early age can have ample benefits (read up on compound interest for one), but doing so without understanding how investments work can have dire consequences. Educate yourself or consult a professional, and start small. You don't need a huge amount of capital to get started.

7. Build an emergency fund

An emergency fund is 3-6 months' worth of living expenses and is a major contributor to financial wellness and laying the right financial foundation for later in life. Emergencies in life are inevitable, whether it be a medical emergency, a family crisis, or a car or house emergency, and an emergency fund is a surefire way of avoiding financial ruin as a result.

Learn more about building an emergency fund in our 7 simple steps to start (and build) your emergency fund article.

8. Get started with your retirement fund

It might not sound sexy, but starting to save for your retirement in your 20s is ideal. Starting to save for retirement when it's right around the corner isn't advised, so why not start now so that it can grow into something substantial by that time? Imagine what two to three decades of retirement savings might look like, compared to a few years.

As always, do your research and start small. You might even find that you can retire much earlier than expected. This is the number one mistake that young people make today.

In Conclusion

There's no time like the present to start considering your financial situation and what you can do now to make it prosper in the years to come. Avoid get-rich-quick schemes and use the time to take educated risks, the earlier you start working on your growing wealth journey, the better.

Even if you're not earning a lot, be diligent and consistent and you will see results. Start building these habits now and you will reap the rewards along the way.

Disclaimer: This article is intended for communication purposes only, you should not consider any such information, opinions, or other material as financial advice.

We've all been caught off guard with an emergency payment - from having to replace an appliance to an unexpected medical bill. These things happen and they're out of our control, so it's best to be prepared. Emergency funds are the best way to protect yourself, and a great way to start building your savings. 

These unforeseen expenses shouldn't cripple your savings. With an emergency savings fund, you can recover more quickly and get back on track to achieving your financial goals with little to no stress.

What is an emergency fund?

An emergency fund is easily accessible money stored in a bank account set aside specifically for unexpected expenses or financial emergencies, anything from medical expenses to a loss of income. Emergency savings are typically used for unplanned expenses that fall outside of your normal monthly spending, with the funds stored in a savings account.

These funds allow you to weather the storm and avoid the need (and costs) of taking out a high-interest loan or credit card debt. Keeping the funds in a savings account removes the temptation to spend it, as would be the case if you stored the funds in a checking account.

Why emergency savings are important

Emergency or unexpected expenses without the proper precautions can quickly turn into debt or take a toll on your savings goals. And if hit with two or more in a row, this might cause long-term consequences that cause havoc on your finances. 

Rather rest assured knowing that you have an emergency fund in place should something unexpected happen than fall back on costly loans and credit cards, or even other savings accounts like your retirement savings. 

Emergency funds play an essential role in any reliable financial plan, providing peace of mind and a buffer for your other savings accounts. These funds can be used during periods of unemployment, the sudden death of a family member, illness and disability, or emergency home and auto repairs. Never underestimate the importance of an emergency fund and its impact on your financial well-being should something go wrong.

Start your emergency fund with these 7 simple steps

1. Review your monthly budget and see where you can save

It's critical to understand where your money is going so you can find ways to save it. Budgeting allows you to maximize your income and discover methods to decrease or control your spending.

To do this you can sit down with a financial advisor, or take matters into your own hand with your checking account statements, a pen and paper or a budgeting app. Be sure to review both your checking and savings accounts to get a clear picture. This is the first step in improving your financial health, and to start building your emergency fund.

2. Establish a goal amount for your emergency fund 

A budget is a plan for spending that helps you figure out how much money you'll need each month to meet your essential expenses. A general rule of thumb when looking to build an emergency fund goal is to aim for six months' worth of income, enough to cover monthly expenses for housing, food, and transportation. 

Don't be discouraged by how long this will take, rather establish a goal to work towards and move forward in that direction. Ideally, you want to be able to cover your living expenses for six months.

3. Create a direct deposit to your savings account

Avoid temptation by setting up a direct deposit from your current bank account (or wherever you receive your income) to your savings account. Better yet, you can create a split direct debit which allows you to automatically allocate funds to various accounts, including retirement funds etc. 

If you're new to saving, experts recommend starting with an emergency fund, and once you've established this, move on to other savings accounts. If you already have a retirement fund or money market account set up, continue with this while building your emergency fund. 

4. Little by little increase your savings

Increase the amount you're putting into your emergency fund by 1 percent or a certain amount over time until you've reached your savings goal. Increasing amounts gradually might help to make the smaller deposit into your checking account seem less noticeable and steadily build financial security.

5. Direct any unexpected income straight to your savings accounts

Commit to redirecting any unexpected income to your emergency fund, at least until you have reached your saving goal. This might be money from a bonus, inheritance, a tax refund, lottery winnings etc. 

6. And once you've reached your goal? Save some more

Being unemployed for more than a year or being hospitalized for several months are both situations that require more than a six-month cushion. Should you find yourself here you’ll be glad you have more money saved in your emergency fund.

7. Find a bank account with perks that can kickstart your savings

When opening new checking or savings accounts, shop around by observing bank or credit union offers. Some banks offer cash incentives to new customers. Use this to kickstart your emergency fund, or to add a little extra to an already established one. 

In conclusion

An emergency fund provides a cushion for unplanned events and can help you avoid taking on credit card debt or taking out a personal loan. By putting your emergency money in a high-yield savings account as opposed to checking and savings accounts, you can earn interest while you save money and build your nest egg.

Having an emergency fund saved in a separate account prevents you from spending the money and ensures that it is accessible in the case of an emergency. Emergencies can occur whether or not you are prepared; as a result, being prepared is the best way to deal with a potentially difficult scenario.

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Η ανεπαρκεια αποτελεί έναν θεμελιώδη όρο που αναδεικνύει τη διαφορά μεταξύ των ατελείωτων αναγκών μας και των περιορισμένων διαθέσιμων πόρων στον κόσμο. Αυτή η ιδέα δεν αφορά μόνο τα καθημερινά αγαθά και τις υπηρεσίες· είναι εξίσου σημαντική και στον κόσμο των επενδύσεων. Η κατανόηση της έννοιας της έλλειψης βοηθά να εξηγήσουμε πώς λαμβάνουμε αποφάσεις σχετικά με τη χρήση πόρων, πώς λειτουργούν οι αγορές και πώς καθορίζονται οι τιμές. Είτε σκέφτεστε τις παγκόσμιες προκλήσεις των πόρων είτε τις επενδυτικές ευκαιρίες, η κατανόηση της επίδρασης της έλλειψης είναι απαραίτητη.

Ορισμός της σπανιοτητα

Στους οικονομικούς όρους, η έλλειψη αναφέρεται στη πεπερασμένη διαθεσιμότητα πρώτων υλών, γης, εργασίας και κεφαλαίου, ενώ οι ανάγκες και οι επιθυμίες των ατόμων, των επιχειρήσεων και της κοινωνίας συνολικά είναι πρακτικά απεριόριστες.

Από επενδυτική άποψη, η έλλειψη εμφανίζεται στον περιορισμένο αριθμό ποιοτικών μετοχών που διατίθενται στην αγορά. Καθώς ένας συνεχώς αυξανόμενος αριθμός επενδυτών αναζητά κερδοφόρες ευκαιρίες, μόνο λίγες εταιρείες υψηλών επιδόσεων είναι διαθέσιμες για επένδυση. 

Ναι, υπάρχει ένα κενό που λείπει. Το διορθωμένο κείμενο είναι:

Αυτή η έλλειψη συχνά ανεβάζει τις τιμές των κορυφαίων μετοχών, καθώς περισσότεροι επενδυτές ανταγωνίζονται για να αποκτήσουν μερίδια σε αυτές τις περιζήτητες εταιρείες. Ως αποτέλεσμα, οι επενδυτές πρέπει να προτεραιοποιούν προσεκτικά τις επιλογές τους, ζυγίζοντας τις πιθανές αποδόσεις έναντι του υψηλότερου κόστους επένδυσης σε σπάνια, περιζήτητα περιουσιακά στοιχεία.

Παράγοντες που επηρεάζουν την σπανιοτητα

Οι οικονομολόγοι χρησιμοποιούν τον όρο "έλλειψη" για να εξηγήσουν γιατί κάποια αγαθά ή πόροι που κάποτε ήταν άφθονοι γίνονται περιορισμένοι με την πάροδο του χρόνου. Οι βασικές αιτίες της έλλειψης χωρίζονται σε τρεις κατηγορίες:

• Έλλειψη λόγω ζήτησης: Εμφανίζεται όταν η ζήτηση για κάτι ξεπερνά τη διαθεσιμότητά του. Για παράδειγμα, όταν κυκλοφορεί μια νέα δημοφιλής κονσόλα παιχνιδιών, μπορεί να εξαντληθεί γρήγορα, καθώς η ζήτηση υπερβαίνει την αρχική προσφορά.
• Έλλειψη λόγω προσφοράς: Προκύπτει όταν εξωτερικοί παράγοντες δυσχεραίνουν την παραγωγή ή την απόκτηση ενός πόρου, μειώνοντας τη διαθεσιμότητά του χωρίς να αλλάζει απαραίτητα η ζήτηση. Ένα παράδειγμα είναι η έλλειψη μικροτσίπ λόγω διακοπών στην παραγωγή, επηρεάζοντας την κατασκευή ηλεκτρονικών συσκευών.
• Δομική ή σχετική έλλειψη: Αυτού του τύπου η έλλειψη προκύπτει όταν ορισμένες ομάδες έχουν καλύτερη πρόσβαση σε έναν πόρο σε σχέση με άλλες. Αυτή η ανισότητα συχνά οφείλεται σε πολιτικούς ή οικονομικούς παράγοντες, παρά στη συνολική ποσότητα του διαθέσιμου πόρου.

σπανιοτητα σε διαφορετικούς κλάδους

Η έλλειψη επηρεάζει διαφορετικούς κλάδους με μοναδικούς τρόπους. Στη γεωργία, φαινόμενα όπως οι ξηρασίες ή οι κακές σοδειές μπορούν να μειώσουν την προσφορά τροφίμων, ανεβάζοντας τις τιμές και αλλάζοντας τις διατροφικές συνήθειες των ανθρώπων. Στην τεχνολογία, ελλείψεις εξαρτημάτων όπως τα μικροτσίπ μπορούν να επιβραδύνουν την παραγωγή, να αυξήσουν τις τιμές των συσκευών και να περιορίσουν τις επιλογές των καταναλωτών.

Στην υγειονομική περίθαλψη, η έλλειψη βασικών φαρμάκων ή εξοπλισμού μπορεί να ανεβάσει τα κόστη και να περιορίσει την πρόσβαση στη φροντίδα. Αυτές οι ελλείψεις επηρεάζουν την ποσότητα παραγωγής, τις τιμές και τις επιλογές που κάνουμε για το τι μπορούμε να αντέξουμε οικονομικά ή να αποκτήσουμε.‍

‍Στα χρηματοοικονομικά, η έλλειψη παίζει επίσης σημαντικό ρόλο. Οι περιορισμένοι κεφαλαιακοί πόροι σημαίνουν ότι οι επενδυτές πρέπει να επιλέξουν προσεκτικά πού να διαθέσουν τα κεφάλαιά τους, ενώ η έλλειψη επενδυτικών ευκαιριών μπορεί να αυξήσει τις τιμές περιουσιακών στοιχείων σε δημοφιλείς οικονομικούς τομείς.

Πώς μας επηρεάζει η σπανιοτητα

Στη σύγχρονη κοινωνία, η έλλειψη επηρεάζει όλους – άτομα, επιχειρήσεις και κυβερνήσεις. Για τους ανθρώπους, σημαίνει να παίρνουν δύσκολες αποφάσεις σχετικά με το πώς θα ξοδέψουν τα χρήματά τους και τι θα προτεραιοποιήσουν.

Οι επιχειρήσεις, από την άλλη, αντιμετωπίζουν προκλήσεις στην προμήθεια υλικών ή τη διαχείριση της παραγωγής, επηρεάζοντας τις τιμές και τις λειτουργίες τους. Οι κυβερνήσεις πρέπει να διαχειρίζονται την έλλειψη κατά τον σχεδιασμό πολιτικών, την ισορροπία προϋπολογισμών και την κάλυψη δημόσιων αναγκών.

Η έλλειψη καθοδηγεί τις οικονομικές πολιτικές, επηρεάζοντας τις αποφάσεις για την κατανομή πόρων, τις επενδύσεις και τη ρύθμιση. Διαμορφώνει επίσης τη δυναμική των αγορών, καθώς οι μεταβολές στην προσφορά και τη ζήτηση επηρεάζουν τις τιμές και τη διαθεσιμότητα αγαθών και υπηρεσιών, επηρεάζοντας την ευρύτερη οικονομία.

Έλλειψη στην οικονομία

Από επενδυτική σκοπιά, η έλλειψη αναφέρεται στη περιορισμένη διαθεσιμότητα ενός περιουσιακού στοιχείου σε σχέση με τη μεγάλη ζήτηση, κάτι που μπορεί να ανεβάσει την αξία του. Αυτό συμβαίνει όταν οι πόροι ή τα περιουσιακά στοιχεία είναι σε έλλειψη συγκριτικά με τον αριθμό των ενδιαφερόμενων αγοραστών. Παράγοντες που προκαλούν έλλειψη περιλαμβάνουν τους περιορισμένους φυσικούς πόρους, την αυξημένη ζήτηση ή διακοπές στις αλυσίδες εφοδιασμού.

Για τους επενδυτές, η έλλειψη μπορεί να κάνει ορισμένα περιουσιακά στοιχεία πιο ελκυστικά, καθώς η περιορισμένη φύση τους μπορεί να οδηγήσει σε υψηλότερες τιμές και πιθανές αποδόσεις. Ένα χαρακτηριστικό παράδειγμα είναι το Bitcoin, το οποίο έχει μέγιστη προσφορά 21 εκατομμυρίων νομισμάτων, υποδηλώνοντας ότι όταν η διαθεσιμότητά του μειώνεται, η τιμή του μπορεί να αυξηθεί.

Στρατηγικές για την αντιμετώπιση της έλλειψης στις αγορές

Είτε επενδύετε είτε κάνετε συναλλαγές, εδώ είναι 6 στρατηγικές που μπορούν να σας βοηθήσουν να περιηγηθείτε στις αγορές με αυτοπεποίθηση:

• Διαφοροποιήστε τις Επενδύσεις σας: Κατανείμετε τις επενδύσεις σας σε διαφορετικούς τομείς για να μειώσετε τον αντίκτυπο αν ένας τομέας αντιμετωπίσει προβλήματα.
• Επιλέξτε Σταθερούς Τομείς: Προτιμήστε περιοχές ή περιουσιακά στοιχεία που είναι λιγότερο πιθανό να αντιμετωπίσουν προβλήματα προσφοράς, όπως εκείνα με άφθονους πόρους.
• Εξερευνήστε Νέες Αγορές και Τεχνολογίες: Αναζητήστε αναδυόμενες αγορές ή καινοτόμες τεχνολογίες που μπορούν να προσφέρουν ευκαιρίες ανάπτυξης.
• Επικεντρωθείτε στη Μακροπρόθεσμη Αξία: Σκεφτείτε περιουσιακά στοιχεία, όπως ακίνητα ή εμπορεύματα, που είναι πιθανό να διατηρήσουν την αξία τους με την πάροδο του χρόνου.
• Μείνετε Ενημερωμένοι: Παρακολουθήστε τις τάσεις της αγοράς και τις αλλαγές στην προσφορά και τη ζήτηση για να προσαρμοστείτε στην έλλειψη.
• Σκεφτείτε τη Βιωσιμότητα: Επενδύστε σε έργα ή τεχνολογίες που χρησιμοποιούν πόρους αποτελεσματικά και μπορούν να βοηθήσουν στην αντιμετώπιση μελλοντικών προκλήσεων έλλειψης.

Αυτές είναι προτάσεις που μπορείτε να λάβετε υπόψη, αλλά δεν αποτελούν οικονομική συμβουλή. Κάντε ενδελεχή έρευνα πριν εφαρμόσετε οποιαδήποτε από αυτές τις στρατηγικές.

Συμπέρασμα

Η έλλειψη είναι μια βασική έννοια της οικονομίας που δείχνει τη διαφορά μεταξύ των ατελείωτων επιθυμιών μας και των περιορισμένων διαθέσιμων πόρων. Επηρεάζει τους πάντες, από τις καθημερινές μας επιλογές μέχρι τον τρόπο που οι επιχειρήσεις και οι κυβερνήσεις σχεδιάζουν.

Με την κατανόηση της έλλειψης, μπορούμε να παίρνουμε καλύτερες επενδυτικές αποφάσεις, να διαχειριζόμαστε τους πόρους με σοφία και να διαμορφώνουμε αποτελεσματικές πολιτικές. Αυτή η γνώση είναι απαραίτητη για την πλοήγηση στις αγορές, την εξισορρόπηση αναγκών και τη διασφάλιση ότι οι πόροι χρησιμοποιούνται αποδοτικά.

In recent years, cryptocurrency, and therefore cryptocurrency exchanges, have firmly established themselves in the global financial market. As they become increasingly popular, many concerns have been raised over the regulation of these entities, and how they are preventing illicit monetary activity from taking place. 

In an attempt to crack down on funds being illegally moved, exchanges are required to implement KYC (Know Your Customer) and AML (anti-money laundering) policies. Regulatory bodies are working to build legal frameworks for the industry, in an attempt to fight crime conducted using blockchain technology. 

The biggest challenge for these regulatory bodies is to find a solution that doesn't hamper the innovative qualities of cryptocurrencies. 

In the UK there is the Financial Conduct Authority, a financial regulatory body that operates outside of the UK government. In 2020, the FCA required every company participating in any crypto activity in the sector to comply with its Money Laundering, Terrorist Financing and Transfer of Funds (Information on the Payer) Regulations 2017 policy (the 'MLR's). This obligation requires crypto service providers to complete the necessary registration and infrastructural requirements.

What is AML in crypto?

AML stands for anti-money laundering and involves protocols that ensure that every transaction can be tied to an identity, thus providing greater transparency. This ensures that if any suspicious activity is flagged, the origins and/or destination of the funds can be confirmed on the platform.

Due to the anonymous, or more accurately pseudonymous, nature of cryptocurrencies, many believe that it provides an easy opportunity for ill actors to engage in money laundering. Money laundering is the act of changing large amounts of illicit income into a legitimate avenue, the money is "laundered" so as to appear clean.

While cryptocurrencies seemingly provide a perfect platform for money laundering due to the lack of central authority or third parties, AML processes are implemented on exchanges to stop this activity in its tracks. 

What are the risks hindering AML practices?

The first risk that challenges AML practices is privacy coins, cryptocurrencies designed to conceal transactions and the relevant information attached to them. Platforms like Monero offer users the opportunity to send funds with no record of the transaction taking place. 

The data associated with the transactions like the sender, receiver and amount sent are encrypted and often broken up when stored on the blockchain to ensure they are untraceable. 

The second risk is coin join platforms that mix cryptocurrency transactions, hiding the origin and destination of the funds. These platforms essentially provide a service that can make ordinary cryptocurrencies anonymous. 

While cryptocurrencies have their benefits, there are a number of challenges they pose to regulatory bodies, AML and CFT (Combating the Financing of Terrorism) intentions:

• The anonymity they can provide
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• Opportunity for gaps when transacting cross-border transactions
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• Absence of one central authority to ensure compliance
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• The limited scope of identity verification processes

Differentiating between illicit activity and investors just wanting to safeguard their investments is a tricky business. Bad actors might make use of paper wallets to hide funds and keep them secret, while an investor might make use of a paper wallet in order to protect their funds against theft. 

AML in crypto exchanges

Despite the challenges it faces, AML has proven to be valuable in cracking down on illegal activity conducted on crypto exchanges. 

In July, $1.45 billion worth of illegal cross-border crypto transactions were traced back to 33 individuals on the South Korean exchange, Bithump. The platform quickly banned all foreign transactions, requiring a mobile KYC verification, and increased the KYC requirements so as to align with the country's AML regulations. 

Bitcoin ATMs, a notorious option for mixing funds, have come together to form the Cryptocurrency Compliance Cooperative (CCC). This operation calls for cash-based cryptocurrency services, financial institutions, and regulators to participate in building universal compliance factors. 

Does AML help or hinder the crypto market?

While AML tends to go against the decentralized nature of cryptocurrencies, the crypto community actively welcomes these regulatory efforts as it drives more trust and interest in the market on top of innovation and adoption. For example, an institution or retail investor is more likely to invest in a regulated asset than in a lawless, anything-goes market. 

It's 2024 and you've decided to get involved in the crypto industry and find out what the fuss is all about. You've made a smart choice, and we're pleased to welcome you. In this step-by-step guide, we'll be showing you a simple overview of how to complete the following:

• Create an account
• Deposit funds
• Buy Bitcoin, Ethereum or any other cryptocurrency
• Sell a cryptocurrency
• Withdrawal funds

Investing in digital currencies can feel daunting at first, but once you've made your first purchase, transaction, or sale, you'll see that using cryptocurrencies is simpler than expected. Be sure to keep an eye on market prices, as volatility in the crypto industry can go through waves, and educate yourself on the coins that you wish to purchase. Whether you're a trader/investor in the UK, EU, EEA, or USA, everyone can gain access to the crypto markets through the Tap mobile app.

In this article, we're going to show you the ropes, guide you through the process and explain step-by-step how to gain the skills to successfully operate in the crypto space and increase your investment portfolio. No previous trading experience is necessary (stocks or crypto).

Step 1: create an account

The first and most important decision to make before buying cryptocurrencies is determining where to buy them from. With plenty of options available on the market and plenty more news stories about them, it's imperative that you select a trustworthy and reliable source.

The Tap mobile app ticks these boxes and proves so by being licensed and regulated by the Gibraltar Financial Services Commission. The platform has over 300,000 registered users, at the time of writing, operates in 28 countries across the globe, and has been nominated multiple times for PAY360 Awards (previously the Emerging Payments Awards). 

To create an account on Tap, simply follow these steps:

• Download the Tap mobile app from either the Apple or Google Play store.
• Create an account by filling in the relevant information. If you make a mistake, simply go back and alter it before moving to the next step.
• Once the account is set up you will be asked to complete the KYC / identity verification process. Simply follow the onscreen prompts and submit the required information. 
• You will receive an email confirmation once your account is all set up. 

Step 2: deposit funds

In order to buy cryptocurrency through the Tap app, you will need to deposit funds. This can be done in both crypto and fiat currencies, however, we will focus on the fiat deposits today. 

• Select the Cash option in the top horizontal menu.
• Select the fiat currency you would like to deposit, your options are US dollars, Pound Sterling, or Euros. 
• We're selecting GBP, then select one of the options: deposit or debit card top-up. 
• Fill in the relevant information and perform the transaction. 
• Once the funds have cleared they will appear in the relevant Cash wallet. 

Step 3: Buy Bitcoin, Ethereum, or any other cryptocurrency

Now for the exciting part! It's time to buy digital currency. For the sake of this tutorial, we're going to show you how to buy Bitcoin, however, the process is consistent across all cryptocurrencies. 

• In the top horizontal menu, select Cryptocurrencies.
• Choose the cryptocurrency you would like to purchase. 
• Once in the crypto wallet, select the blue Buy button. 
• You'll be given the option to decide how to pay, simply scroll to the bottom and select Pound Sterling (or the crypto or fiat currency that you deposited).
• Enter the amount that you would like to purchase.
• Select the Execute Trade button.
• Once the transaction is completed, the funds will appear in your Bitcoin wallet. 

Step 4: Sell A Cryptocurrency

Now that you're familiar with how to buy crypto, it's high time you learned how to sell. 

• To sell Bitcoin (or any other cryptocurrency), go to the relevant wallet in the Crypto section.
• Select the blue Sell button. 
• From here you can decide whether you'd like to sell the cryptocurrency for another cryptocurrency or for a fiat currency. In this example, we'll sell BTC for GBP. 
• Select the Pound Sterling option and enter the amount of BTC you'd like to sell.
• Proceed with the Execute Trade button.
• The funds will then be available in your Cash GBP wallet.

Step 5: Withdrawal Funds

Completing the final process in this step-by-step guide, we're going to explain how to withdraw funds. You have several options here as the Tap app allows users to withdraw funds directly into their bank account, instantly send funds to other Tap users, or withdraw cryptocurrencies.

• In the top horizontal menu, select Cash.
• Choose the Withdraw button, located underneath your balance. 
• Select the option most preferable to you: Instant, to a Tap user; bank transfer; Crypto withdrawal. 
• Follow the relevant instructions and select Execute Trade once complete. 

Tap into a brighter future with crypto

On top of the simple and easy-to-use app, Tap also offers highly secure wallet solutions that are integrated into your account from the get-go. With Tap, you can securely store and manage a wide range of cryptocurrencies from one convenient location, and even more easily spend them using the Tap card.

Bitcoin 101

Here are several frequently asked questions regarding Bitcoin, the first cryptocurrency to come into existence.

Many investors have made a lot of money through the stock markets, however, in recent years a new asset class has entered the scene. Not just any asset class, the best performing asset in the last decade. While conservative investors have steered clear, many investors have incorporated cryptocurrencies into their investment portfolios. 

In this article, we explore the differences between crypto vs stocks. While investments are driven by profits, understanding the difference between the two and what each one is is arguably fundamental to making any money from them. 

What Are Stocks? 

Stock, also referred to as equity or shares, is a financial product sold by companies that offer a percentage of ownership in the company. These "certificates of ownership" entitle the holder to dividends from the company's market performance. 

Stock in a company holds equal risk and reward. Should the company have a bad year, the stock price will reflect this with a decline in the unit price, but should it perform very well the price will increase. The profits are shared through a simple transaction.

These financial products are legally considered securities and are used by businesses or governments to raise capital from the market, offering the holder part ownership in the company selling the stock. Stocks are traded on authorised stock exchanges, of which there are over 60 around the world. The most popular are NASDAQ and the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE) which manage the sales of stocks relevant to that platform.

What Are Cryptocurrencies?

Cryptocurrencies are digital assets native to blockchain platforms. The first cryptocurrency launched in 2009 and provided an alternative cash system that allowed users to transact and store their funds without the authorisation of a third party. As a solution to the global financial crisis plaguing the world at the time, Bitcoin offered a decentralized solution to people taking control of their own money.

Following the launch of development-focused Ethereum several years later, cryptocurrencies started to offer solutions beyond just payment platforms. There are over 20,000 cryptocurrencies on the market today, ranging from utility tokens to governance tokens to meme tokens. 

Cryptocurrencies are defined as using blockchain technology to facilitate and maintain the network. Blockchain ensures that all transactions are recorded in a public ledger for anyone to see and are immutable. They also use cryptography to ensure the security of the network established through an elaborate means of information.

Cryptocurrencies can be traded on the following platforms, each incurring its own fees:

• peer-to-peer exchanges, where cryptocurrencies are directly traded between two users
• Decentralized exchanges, largely unregulated exchanges where there is no central authority 
• Centralized exchanges, operated as a business with an entity in charge and managing operations as well as regulatory obligations

Cryptocurrencies are largely considered to be "digital commodities" around the world, however, most countries are in the process of building a legal framework to better identify and regulate the new asset class. 

Due to their incredible growth and price gains over the last decade, cryptocurrencies have become a widely popular investment vehicle for both retail and institutional investors. 

Do You Have to Pay Taxes on Cryptocurrency?

As is the case with profits gained from any investment, individuals are required to pay taxes on their crypto earnings. While this remains largely unregulated, most countries have created a legal framework that requires users to pay on any profits made. These levies are then paid to the government and contribute to the functioning of the country. The onus lies on the individual to establish what these laws are and adhere to them.

What Are The Difference Between Crypto vs Stocks

Below we flesh out the differences between these two financial products to build a better understanding of the two. We'll be looking at:

Ownership 

Arguably the biggest difference between crypto and stocks is the ownership rights. Stock provides the holder with ownership rights vehicle cryptocurrency typically doesn't (in the traditional financial ownership sense at least). 

Cryptocurrencies are designed in such a way that their decentralized nature ensures that no one owns the network. Some cryptocurrencies provide governance rights that allow the holders to vote on network changes and have a say in the development of the project. 

Risk vs reward 

The cryptocurrency market is renowned for being more volatile providing considerably higher risks and rewards when compared to the stock markets. 

In a 5 year comparison, at the time of writing, NASDAQ has seen 167% growth while Bitcoin has seen 3,574% growth. 

Liquidity

Stock markets typically hold more liquidity as most stocks can be traded across exchanges and quickly converted to cash. Cryptocurrencies, particularly the smaller capped coins, hold less liquidity, although the bigger ones like Bitcoin and Ethereum can easily be traded on most exchanges. Bigger crypto exchanges have more liquidity due to the higher trade volumes on the platform. 

Regulation

Another big difference between crypto and stocks is the regulation aspect. While all stock exchanges have at least one government entity regulating all activity on the platforms, cryptocurrency is largely unregulated around the world.

Regulation in the crypto space is a developing topic as many countries are working to legally define the asset and implement it into their financial system. Having said that, most centralized exchanges are regulated, complying with laws in the countries in which they operate. For safe crypto trading ensure the platform you're using is regulated.

Investment Reasons

While both stocks and cryptocurrencies are largely invested in for profit-seeking reasons, the alternative motivators vary substantially. Some investors also invest in stocks due to the initiatives that the company supports. 

Cryptocurrencies on the other hand offer several more alternative investment motivators, including:

• Getting involved in the blockchain and dapp space
• Making use of its decentralized nature and lack of centralized authority
• Exploring a more discreet means of transacting and storing value
• Supporting an innovative product that offers a high-impact solution

In Conclusion

Stocks are a more popular and regulated investment vehicle while cryptocurrencies offer a higher risk vs reward opportunity. While stocks are considered securities are largely regulated, cryptocurrencies offer higher use case potential and have proven to have higher ROIs.

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Since Bitcoin entered the financial landscape in 2009 it has made immense leaps and bounds in becoming the internationally recognised digital currency it is today. Despite the giant progress, crypto still has the potential to further infiltrate many aspects of society, particularly how we travel. 

This unprecedented technology can ultimately revolutionise the way we live our lives. Let’s take a look at how crypto is easing international travel, and how you can use it to your advantage.

Blockchain in travel

Many are familiar with cryptocurrencies, but few are aware that blockchain is the technology behind them. Blockchain technology, in simple terms, is a giant public ledger that stores data in a chronological, immutable manner. Particularly flourishing in supply chain management and the broader tech space, blockchain is also proving to be a useful asset to companies operating in the travel sector. 

With a wide range of options within the sector, from flights to car rental to hotels, blockchain is slowly starting to prove to be a powerful force in each case. Already several companies have adopted the technology and used it to add more streamlined and efficient services to the travel industry. 

For example, a French company, Sandblock is harnessing the technology and allowing travel companies to create their own loyalty tokens to attract and retain customers. These tokens can then be traded for a variety of services (beyond the company that issued them) or exchanged for alternative coins or fiat currencies. 

Another example is a Swiss-based, blockchain based company called Winding Tree which was designed to minimize fees for travelers while reducing costs for service providers. The non-profit company aims to cut out the middleman adding high fees to travelers' bookings and connect travelers directly to the service providers using smart contracts. 

These are just two in a wide range of companies already implementing blockchain technology into their businesses, illustrating the unlimited potential the nascent technology holds. 

Crypto bridges the gap

Like blockchain, cryptocurrencies are too playing an impressive role in easing cross-border travel, with plenty more room for development and better adoption. 

Cryptocurrencies facilitate seamless transactions without having to exchange one currency for another when going abroad. Say you lived in America and were visiting Australia, you wouldn’t need to exchange your US dollars for Australian dollars incurring high exchange fees and company-chosen exchange rates if you could just scan a QR code that automatically accesses funds in your universal crypto wallet.

Top tourist destinations around the world have started embracing cryptocurrencies, with a large amount likely to follow. For example, several destinations in Queensland, Australia, that provide access to the Great Barrier Reef have started implementing crypto payments into their tourist-focused businesses, and the reception has been impressive (see more below). 

El Salvador on the other hand approved Bitcoin as a legal tender in 2021, effectively making it very simple for any crypto-savvy tourist to travel around. One doesn’t even need to take a fiat card with them as all transactions can be completed using their mobile device. If that’s not the future of travel, what is?

Advantages of using crypto to travel

For the sceptics out there we’ve outlined several advantages of using cryptocurrencies when traveling, below. 

• It reduces the chance of theft or money loss
• It eases the booking process
• It allows users to avoid excessive exchange rates and ATM fees
• It minimizes the risk of credit card fraud
• Your smartphone functions as a wallet
• No left-over currency when you leave the country
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Globalisation meets blockchain

With increased awareness around countries and societies around the world, thanks to both mainstream and social media, companies expanding on a global level are becoming more and more common. 

However, this level of globalisation is often plagued with inconsistent means of distributing funds, causing delays, disruptions and unnecessary expenses. Cryptocurrencies and blockchain technology provide the infrastructure to change these difficulties, stablecoins even more so. 

The mobile revolution

According to a recent study, there are 6.37 billion smartphone users around the world, with 80% of the population in possession of one device. This is a significant rise from 2016’s statistics where only 49% of the world owned a smartphone.

Ownership levels are unsurprisingly highest in developed countries like the United States, Germany and the United Kingdom, where on average 80% of the population own a smartphone. Bangladesh, Pakistan and India are among the lowest percentages, with an average of 27% of the country owning one. 

Despite this, 80% of the developing world are still crypto-capable. All that is required is a smartphone and an internet connection. In the future, more local businesses, hotels, and shops in these countries will set up crypto wallets, enabling them to accept global payments in a matter of seconds (depending on the coin of choice).

This is likely to happen faster in the developing world than elsewhere, as demand for convenient and reliable payment solutions is on the rise. Less developed countries like the Bahamas are already catching on. 

An industry on the up

Crypto is easing international travel and contributing to a growing industry. Since the pandemic emerged, travel was put on a back foot but has since experienced a surge as people seek an alternative change of scenery. Now, cryptocurrency is making travel to remote areas, a growing demand, all the more possible.

Of course, government collaboration is paramount. Brisbane Airport in Australia is the first in the world to accept cryptocurrency at 30 merchants. As mentioned above, Queensland itself is a trailblazer in the crypto world. Agnes Water, a town located at the south of the Great Barrier Reef, has more than 40 businesses that accept Bitcoin. This kind of initiative is precisely what is required from governments and businesses for crypto to help grow the travel industry.

Ironing out foreign currency wrinkles

It is clear that crypto has the potential to revolutionise the way we operate around the world. Cryptocurrencies can make travelling easier and more accessible, and bolster tourism industries in developing countries. Solutions offered by several payment-focused cryptocurrencies could very well take over, as more and more tourists demand easier payment options.

Tap a streamlined cryptocurrency platform, is also contributing to the movement by providing a mobile app that facilitates rapid purchasing, trading, and secure storage of cryptocurrencies. For travellers faced with less tech-savvy merchants, Tap provides a Mastercard enabling users to spend supported fiat and cryptocurrencies at 40+  million merchants around the world. 

The age old question, when will all the Bitcoins be mined, has been on everyone's mind at least once and today we are going to go over exactly how long it will take to mine all Bitcoins.

There are a few chapters we need to cover first. For one we need to look at Bitcoin’s total supply, followed by the halving mechanism that Satoshi Nakamoto himself implemented, and then we can set about working out when the last Bitcoin will be mined. Sound good? Dive in and join us for the ride.

Bitcoin’s total supply

When Bitcoin was first announced to the world in a whitepaper in 2008, the public was introduced to a new kind of monetary system. Unlike the fiat system that all countries operate off, these cryptocurrencies presented a digital answer that could navigate value around the world in seconds and didn’t rely on any banks, financial institutions or governments to operate them. 

Created as a response to the 2007 - 2009 global financial crisis, the mysterious entity known as Satoshi Nakamoto chose to also make the currency deflationary. Unlike its fiat counterpart, Bitcoin was created to increase in value over time, proving to be a viable store of value. Written into its code was the fact that only 21 million Bitcoin will ever exist, ensuring that the new age currency would have a deflationary nature to it. 

Of the 21 million BTC that will ever enter circulation, as of May 2021 a total of 18.7 million have entered the market. This accounts for roughly 89% of the total supply of Bitcoin, which might lead one to believe that the end is nearer than we think. However, think again.

The halving mechanism

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Another ingenious idea that the great Satoshi Nakamoto incorporated into the nuance payment system is the halving mechanism. Through the use of blockchain technology, every 210,000 blocks, or roughly four years, a halving mechanism is automatically implemented into the system which reduces the mining rewards (also known as block rewards). This part gets a little technical, so let’s recap. 

All transactions on the blockchain are stored in blocks which are chronologically linked to one another through the process of mining. Miners on the network verify and execute all Bitcoin transactions, and in doing so receive a fee, known as the miners reward. When Bitcoin was launched in January 2009 the miners reward was 50 BTC, however through the halving mechanism, every 210,000 blocks this reward halves. Twelve years later the miners rewards for verifying the transactions and adding a new block to the blockchain is 6.25 BTC. 

This thereby controls the amount of new Bitcoin entering circulation. As fiat currencies are printed and minted, cryptocurrencies are mined. The Covid-19 pandemic saw many countries print more money to distribute to its people and in turn boost the economy, however the long term effects of this can be devastating due to rising inflation and the decrease in value on a global scale. Bitcoin, however, due to the controlled nature of the deflationary currency is set to increase in value. 

How long will it take to mine all the Bitcoins?

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Now that we’ve covered the basics of Bitcoin’s total supply and the halving mechanism controlling the influx of coins entering into circulation, it’s time to establish how long it will take to mine all Bitcoins. 

Based on the table below, we can see exactly when the next halving is due to take place (in 2024), when the miners reward will halve again to 3.125 BTC. While the amount of BTC received for mining a block decreases, bare in mind that the value undergoes significant increases. After that the next halving mechanism is due to go into effect in 2028, followed by another in 2032.

As you’ll notice, the halving in 2032 will be responsible for mining the last chunk of the 99.21872% of the total BTC ever to exist. This leaves 0.78128% remaining. Due to the nature of the halving mechanism, it is believed that the very last Bitcoin will only be mined in 2140. 

In answering the question on how long it will take to mine the last Bitcoin, the answer is an estimated 119 years. Which, facing the cold hard truth, we are unlikely to witness in our lifetime.

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Time to buy Bitcoin?

Considering that the cryptocurrency has witnessed gains taking it from $0.003 to roughly $55,000 in just over a decade, consider what the Bitcoin price might be in the next ten years, or twenty, or 100? Whether you’re buying to invest or buying to trade, Bitcoin has proved time and time again to be a worthy investment. Consider bagging yourself some BTC with the convenience of the Tap app. The app allows you to not only buy the original cryptocurrency, but to sell, store and spend it as you please too. If you’re wondering when the last Bitcoin will be mined, it’s probably time to tap into the future. 

Download on Android.
Download on iOS.

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Used across both the crypto market and traditional stock markets, return on investment (ROI) is a financial measure used to calculate an asset's growth and efficiency over a period of time. This useful measure has been used for decades to determine the success of one's investment.

In this article, we'll help you learn how to calculate the ROI on your investment so that you can implement it across your portfolio to determine your successes. Understanding your assets' ROI might lead to improved sales and revenue and solve a problem that many traders face time and time again.

Many businesses offering trading services might include a project ROI in their monthly or annual report to a customer, illustrating the successes of the site in black and white figures. However, be cautious when a company uses a set amount of return on investment statistics in their advertising, not even the top trading experts are able to predict with exact certainty the events, analytics and metrics that will take place in the future.

How To Calculate ROI

Bear with us as this gets slightly technical, it will all make sense in no time. This formula essentially revolves around determining the overall profit or loss one has made from a particular investment. 

The formula used to determine ROI is ROI = (FVI - IVI) / IVI * 100%. In this formula, the FVI stands for the final value of an investment while IVI stands for the initial value of an investment.

Looking at a practical example, say you bought $1,000 worth of Bitcoin in January 2020 when it was trading for $8,807. Two years later you sell your Bitcoin in January 2022 when it was trading at $43,704 for $3,960.

In this scenario, the IVI is $1,000 while the FVI is $3,960. ROI = (FVI - IVI) / IVI * 100% translates to:

ROI = (3,960 - 1000) / 1000 * 100%

ROI = 296%

This equation is considered a base formula as it does not include additional factors like fees and expenses incurred when storing the asset. In order to establish the true ROI on your investment, you would need to determine what additional costs were incurred (transaction fees for example) and use the following formula:

ROI = (FVI - expenses - IVI) / IVI * 100% 

Additional Elements To Consider When Calculating ROI

One thing that ROI does not factor in is the risk associated with the asset. For example, higher ROIs typically come with higher risks while assets with lower ROIs typically hold a much lower risk in terms of gaining returns. 

This holds true in the crypto market where new coins can suddenly soar in price creating a strong ROI for those that invested early. However, this ROI data will not be the same for an investor that enters the market at a later stage, and the risk will be much greater. Be wary of analysts using ROI statistics in digital marketing to make far-fetched conclusions about an asset's future success. Always use Google as a tool to verify the information, particularly for smaller coins.

Another limitation of this approach is that time is not taken into consideration. For instance, if your investment appreciates from $100 to $150, the ROI will always be 50% whether this happened over one year or ten years. This issue can be solved by using another formula, known as the annualized ROI. 

What Is Annualized ROI?

This method illustrates the standardized annual rate of return on investment by considering the investment's tenure, providing insight into the money an investment product has yielded over a certain period of time. This formula will calculate the investment's average performance each year over the entire period. 

The formula for annualized ROI is Annualized ROI = ((1 ROI) 1/n - 1) * 100%. Here, n represents the number of years of the investment. 

Using the latter example above, your $100 growing to $150 will present an annualized ROI of 50% for one year while the ten year annualized ROI is 4.14%. A substantial difference, and one you wouldn't pick up on from using the standard ROI formula. 

What Is Bitcoin's ROI?

As the world's first cryptocurrency, Bitcoin has seen some incredible increases in price. Analysts often use the formulas outlined above for tracking the digital asset's short-term, medium-term, and longer-term ROI. 

As of January 2022, these ROIs are calculated using the trading price of $43,834.36 (at the time of writing). 

Short-term - 1 year (January 2021)

BTC Price: $33,922.96

ROI = (43,834.36 - 33,922.96) / 33,922.96 * 100%

ROI = 29.29%

Medium-term - 2 years (January 2020)

BTC Price: $8,807

ROI = (43,834.36 - 8,807) / 8,807 * 100%

ROI = 3,977.21%

Longer-term - 5 years (January 2017)

BTC Price: $818.41

ROI = (43,834.36 - 818.41) / 818.41 * 100%

ROI = 5,256.03%

These are wildly impressive results, particularly when compared to the traditional stock markets. Excuse us while we go question our personal ROIs for our crypto investments.

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Bitcoin, and many other cryptocurrency markets, have seen a phenomenal influx of funds recently, with the overall market cap reaching just shy of $3 trillion. This bullish market presents an advantageous set-up to make money. Trading, while profitable, introduces an array of issues that may be hard for newbies to overcome. 

If you are looking to make profits without the added risks then investing may be your best bet. But before you get into investing, there are some basic concepts you will need to grasp in order to make an informed decision. In this article, we're covering how to invest in Bitcoin and cryptocurrencies and what the difference is between investing and trading.  

Investing vs Trading 

To make a long story short, investing refers to long-term holdings while trading refers to short-term holdings, both are seeking profits within the market.

Generally speaking, investors are after greater returns over a longer period of time while traders seek to draw smaller, more frequent returns from rising and falling markets in a much shorter time frame. Trading thrives off of volatile markets, whereas investing seeks more stable options for longer-term rewards. Both provide the opportunity for profits, but each has benefits and flaws of its own. 

For newbies and those who have a more busy lifestyle, investing is the best option as it does not depend on your understanding and monitoring of market movements. Trading on the other hand is more of a career path, it requires considerably more time dedication, while also holding greater risk. As the saying goes, all traders should be investing but not all investors should be trading. 

It's important to note that both investing and trading have their own tax regulations and it is on the individual to find out and adhere to these laws. Bank on paying taxes on any returns made, as a general rule of thumb, but always research the guidance information relevant to your jurisdiction, i.e. tax paid on crypto returns will vary from the UK to Germany.

Bitcoin vs Altcoins 

Bitcoin, the first cryptocurrency to come into existence, boasts an impressive market cap and is the highest valued cryptocurrency to date. After it launched in 2009, many cryptocurrencies followed suit and were coined "alternative coins" which soon became shortened to altcoins. While these originally focused on payment-centred cryptocurrencies, today the term altcoin essentially refers to any cryptocurrency that isn't Bitcoin. 

When it comes to investing and Bitcoin vs altcoins, Bitcoin has proven to be the most valuable coin however there are plenty of small to medium cap markets that experience incredible growth. Consider Bitcoin's large price point to be a hindrance to short term investments, but more powerful in the long run. 

To put it into perspective, data shows that if you invested $50,000 into Bitcoin when it was trading around $60,000, you would have to wait for Bitcoin to hit $120,000 before you double your investment. However, if you invested that same $50,000 into an altcoin when it was worth $1, it would only have to reach $2 for you to double your money which is a lot more likely than Bitcoin doubling in the same period. However, this doesn't ring true to all altcoins and one must always do thorough research before investing. 

Altcoins come in all different shapes and sizes, some tackling industries from medical to real estate, all backed by the financial aspect of blockchain technology. Investing is about more than just profits, it is also about the project. Is it something you are interested in and could benefit from in the future? Is it something that could change the world for the better? Does it have real-world use cases? 

All of these are factors to consider when planning to invest. The potential behind the project is oftentimes what secures it as a viable investment option, promising great opportunity for adoption, stability, and growth. At the end of the day, investing in altcoins requires a considerable amount of research.

Where And How To Invest

The first thing you need to consider is which exchange and wallet you will be using. Long term investments mean you need to find a platform you can trust to store your funds in a longer-term time frame. This is the key to securing your investment, rather than coming back a year or two later to discover your funds are gone. 

Some people recommend companies offering hardware wallets to reinforce that investment "do not touch" mindset while others prefer web wallets that are more accessible. It's really up to you which platform you decide you go with, considering all the features and factors, your needs, and confirming your decision with your own research. Make sure to stay up to date on the platform you are storing your funds on to be alerted of any software upgrades, if any hacks occur or if a platform closure notice goes up. 

At Tap, we have integrated a hyper-secure wallet into our mobile app, allowing anyone, anywhere to securely store their funds. We are licensed and regulated by the Gibraltar Financial Services Commission and hold insurance of up to $100 million, ensuring the protection of your digital assets at all times. The mobile app also grants users access to a number of cryptocurrency markets, where you can freely buy, sell and manage your portfolio.

Final Thoughts 

Investment as a term isn't a difficult concept to catch onto, but finding the right investment is the important part. It is always recommended that you do your own research, and in-depth analysis at that, and don't be scared to diversify your assets. The investment world is yours for the taking, so get out there and start building a lucrative investment portfolio.

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FAQ

What is Bitcoin and how does it work?

Bitcoin is arguably this century's greatest innovation: a decentralised digital currency built on blockchain technology that allows for the transfer of value across the internet. This peer-to-peer digital cash system facilitates international payments at a fraction of the cost and time that fiat transactions of that nature take and are as simple as sending an email. Instead of being controlled and managed by banks or government entities, new coins are regularly entered into circulation through the process of mining. You can learn more about Bitcoin, blockchain transparency, and its lack of intermediaries from our guides.

Should I invest in Bitcoin?

As mentioned above, Bitcoin holds great market potential for both investors and traders. Since 2009, Bitcoin has performed well in terms of displaying strong ROIs, something most investors see as a benefit for future gains. However, investing in Bitcoin comes with its own risks that each individual should consider before entering the market. As a rule, never invest more than you are willing to lose.

Which are the three biggest cryptocurrencies?

Currently, based on market cap the three biggest cryptocurrencies are Bitcoin, Ethereum and Tether.

What are the alternatives to Bitcoin?

Alternatives to Bitcoin are referred to as altcoins. While there are thousands of cryptocurrencies on the market, not all are worth investing in. It's best to research each coin individually and weigh up the project before investing in it. Consider a cryptocurrency as a company, and purchasing coins as buying shares in the business.
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Disclaimer: This article is intended for communication purposes only, you should not consider any such information, opinions or other material as financial advice. The information herein does not constitute an offer to sell or the solicitation to purchase/invest in any crypto assets and is not to be taken as a recommendation that any particular investment or trading approach is appropriate for any specific person. There is a possibility of risk in investing in crypto assets and investors are exposed to fluctuations in the crypto asset market. This communication should be read in conjunction with Tap's Terms and Conditions.

When used to using the traditional banking system, learning how to pay and get paid in crypto might sound daunting. While there are a lot of factors to consider, it’s really a lot more simple than one might imagine.

Below we’re taking a look at the advantages of using digital currency to pay and get paid, and how to go about doing this safely and securely. 

The first proper use case of blockchain as we know it today was money. Bitcoin was designed as a decentralized digital means of transacting value at a faster and cheaper rate than traditional fiat currencies. Over a decade later and this still remains the case for digital assets. 

Cryptocurrencies like Bitcoin allow individuals to be paid quickly and simply regardless of where they are in the world. However, crypto operates in a very different way to traditional banking systems, which means you'll need to understand your way around it first. 

The Advantages of Using Crypto Payroll Services

The nature of cryptocurrencies allows crypto payroll services to offer several benefits for both employers and employees, particularly when the parties are located in different countries. The advantages are in part because there is no middleman concerned when using virtual currencies, which results in lower transaction fees, faster transaction speeds, and higher dependability. 

The Advantages of Digital Currencies for Businesses

Small enterprises face intense rivalry from bigger businesses in a global economy. Small companies, particularly in the tech space, may lack local expertise making foreign job markets more attractive. 

It’s often the case that those skills are available remotely, and often at a much better price, but accessing remote workers can be difficult, mostly due to the problems of sending money overseas. This can be a costly, time-consuming and unreliable process.

Some workers with the right skills simply won’t have access to the banking infrastructure or services that allow them to accept money from overseas employers.

This is where cryptocurrencies come in. You can use Bitcoin or other cryptocurrencies to access the international gig economy of digital nomads and highly-trained specialists.

Because cryptocurrency allows you to transfer funds at a significantly lower cost than traditional services, you won't have to worry about one person having to pay the costs of remittance, which can be costly when using conventional money transmission platforms. 

No matter how much money you’re sending, Bitcoin transaction fees are considerably lower than fiat currency, typically less than $1, allowing businesses to outsource small jobs or split a project into smaller parts. This can ensure that all parts of the project are given to a contractor who has the right skills and is a good fit for your firm. 

The Advantages of Digital Currency for Individuals

There are several benefits to accepting crypto payments, which might even outweigh the advantages for businesses (which, of course, makes implementing Bitcoin payroll procedures a lucrative option for organizations that need to hire remotely).

• First and foremost, getting paid in crypto is faster and more efficient than international fiat payments. Cutting out days, foreign exchange charges and hefty fees, crypto transactions are settled in a matter of minutes for a fraction of the cost. 
• Accepting crypto allows the individual to accept remote work, allowing for a greater scope of projects and companies. Working with companies with no geographical borders can present some incredible opportunities, more of which revolve around better income and more exciting projects.
• Working with cryptocurrency transactions allows for small amounts of money, whereas previously with fiat currency the charges would be too high to do so. This allows the individual to take on many small jobs across a range of businesses or interests.
• As some cryptocurrencies, like Bitcoin, provide a strong store of value, this allows users the chance to be more flexible with their funds, perhaps storing crypto assets away as savings (cryptocurrency holdings) which in time will ideally grow. Some crypto platforms, like Tap, even allow users to pay bills using their crypto balances.

The Legal Status Of Crypto Payments (and capital gains tax)

While Bitcoin transactions are completely secure, fast, and inexpensive, there is one element one will need to consider, and that is the legal status of cryptocurrencies in one’s jurisdiction.

Most nations have favorable regulations in place when it comes to receiving, sending and storing cryptocurrencies, however, it differs from country to country so it is important to check this prior to diving right in. 

On top of that, one must check the tax obligations relevant to your jurisdiction. Some countries treat crypto salaries as taxable income, while other countries treat it as capital gains tax. Check with a professional in your area should you need to.

How To Pay With Bitcoin

If you’re looking to pay employees in Bitcoin you will first need to get Bitcoin. You can acquire the cryptocurrency in one of three ways: mining, buying or receiving it as part of your business’ income. Depending on the services your company provides, it is most likely that you will need to buy Bitcoin before paying workers, which you can do conveniently and securely through Tap.

When you pay your workers with cryptocurrency payments, you will send them a dollar-equivalent amount of Bitcoin, relevant to the price of Bitcoin at the time of transfer. For example, if the price of Bitcoin is $50,000 and you owe them $2,500, you will need to send them 0.05 BTC.

Most exchanges will calculate this for you, showing the current dollar/crypto exchange rates. Tap also ensures that users receive the best price on the market at any given time through smart trade technology.

How To Get Paid In Cryptocurrency

For contractors who want to get paid in Bitcoin or other digital currencies, the approach is much the same only in reverse. However, you’ll need to consider what you want to do with the cryptocurrency you receive, and how you will store it.

Tap provides the perfect solution to both options as you can securely store your Bitcoin and other cryptocurrencies in the wallet provided, while also being able to use your crypto or fiat balance to pay fiat bank accounts and municipal bills and make other payments. 

Receiving and sending crypto is simple. All you need to do is open your Tap app, select the cryptocurrency you would like to receive and locate the relevant wallet address. Share this with your employer and the funds will be deposited directly into your account. Yes, it's really this easy.

In Conclusion

There are several advantages for businesses that pay their employees or freelancers in Bitcoin, as well as contractors who want to get paid in Bitcoin. These include fast, low-cost, and secure transactions regardless of where the parties are located, as well as access to a global market of employment and labor.

It's the perfect way to optimize operations, lower expenses, and find the best man for the job. 

As the Internet of Things becomes an increasingly popular topic of conversation, we are here to lay the foundations of what the concept of IoT really is. As people become familiar with blockchain and cryptocurrencies, it is only a matter of time before the IoT becomes deeply ingrained in our day to day living.  

What is the internet of things?

The Internet of Things refers to millions of physical devices that connect to the internet and collect and share data. These systems of interrelated computing devices can be as small as a pill or as large as an aeroplane and are able to communicate real-time data. This marks a prominent milestone in the evolution of the Computer Age.

This shift is possible due to a number of factors that have come into play in the last few decades, such as the decreased cost of connecting to the internet and broadband internet becoming more accessible. There is also the added advantage of more devices being built with sensors and WiFi capabilities and how these devices have reduced in cost becoming more accessible to everybody. These factors contributed to making the perfect storm for IoT to ignite. 

While the term was coined in 1999 by Kevin Ashton, the IoT era is believed to have only truly begun in 2008 when the world officially had more devices connected to the internet than people. 

An example of IoT devices

An IoT device is any natural or man-made object that can be assigned an Internet Protocol (IP) address and transfer data over a network. It can range from smart speakers like Amazon's Alexa and Google Next to a lightbulb, security camera or thermostat that are controlled by apps, from heart rate monitors to sprinklers, and everything in between. 

How does IoT work?

IoT technology is made up of physical devices that consist of networks of sensors, processors and communication hardware. These internetworking components are able to collect, send and act on the data they receive. 

The data is then analysed in the cloud through an IoT gateway or other edge device, or communicated to other related devices from where action can be executed. These processes are all automated, however, human invention can occur when setting them up, accessing data or giving the devices instructions. This technology essentially enables the remote monitoring, programming and control of specific data with minimal human intervention. 

Artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning can also be implemented to assist in making data collecting processes easier and more dynamic.

In a practical example, an IoT device such as a thermometer will collect the data (temperature), this will then be collated and transferred through an IoT gateway or IoT hub from where the back-end system or user interface (e.g. app on a smartphone) will analyse the data and take action. 

IoT in domestic settings

Already seeing a huge advancement in home and office devices, the IoT movement on a domestic level is big and getting bigger. Home automation is fast becoming a very lucrative endeavour, with the market valued at $44.68 billion in 2020 alone. This ranges from lights to air conditioners to security systems, anything in the home that can be controlled by an app, including smart hubs connecting these devices, like TVs and refrigerators. 

IoT devices have also proven their worth among elders and people with disabilities, as they are able to provide assistive technology for sight, hearing or mobility limitations. 

IoT in industrial settings

While the smart home industry is booming, the industrial use cases are not far behind. IoT in business allows companies to automate processes and can help to monitor the performance of systems and machines in real-time, from supply chain management to logistic operations.

The market has already seen devices used to track environmental conditions (humidity, air pressure, temperature), prevalent in the designs of smart cities. They also prove their worth in the agricultural sector where farmers can use these devices to monitor the water levels of livestock or automatically order new products when the supply is about to run out. 

The future of IoT

Already over a decade into the movement, IoT is only going to get bigger. With a range of use cases that span almost every sector, it's no surprise that the projected value for the industry in 2028 is over $97 billion. Forecasts also predict that industrial and automotive equipment will present the largest opportunity for growth in the future, while smart home and wearable devices will dominate in the coming years. 

However, if the implementation of these devices is not done well this could present a new challenge to the industry. For example, if you have several smart home devices running in your home and need to log into several different apps to use them, this will hinder the growth of that sector. 

In conclusion: The IoT is the future of things

Any device falls into the category of IoT as long as it collects and shares data enabling smarter working with more control. If implemented correctly, IoT devices may well be a permanent fixture in our lives in the next decade, with analysts predicting that adoption and spending will grow exponentially in the next few years. 

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Level up your crypto trading with the right tools. Whether you’re brand new to the industry or a seasoned trader, you can never know enough about the industry, the crypto market or what to expect. Crypto trading is a unique and exciting endeavour, and we’re here to make sure you always have your best foot forward. 

It’s not always easy to know where to start

Being a beginner at anything in life is hard, and the crypto industry is no exception. It’s common for newbies to be inundated with content and it’s not easy to know what’s worth your attention and time and what isn’t. On top of that, there is also a lot of misinformation out there, with publications or platforms selling services through content directed to that purpose.

Through our Crypto Basics platform, you can learn the fundamentals of the crypto industry. We’ve curated the topics to ensure that you get a broad understanding while still covering topics that are relevant to your learning curve. Entering the crypto market should be fun and stimulating, so we’ve geared our Crypto Basics platform as well as all our content toward that.

Start Learning Right From Our Crypto Basics Learning Portal

Learn Now

Tap crypto basics 101

In our online learning portal, you will have access to plenty of blogs to assist you in gathering all the knowledge you need to know. We’ll start you off with an introduction to the three top cryptocurrencies, explaining what they are, how they came about, and what functions they offer. After the crash course on Bitcoin, Ethereum and Litecoin you’ll have a good idea of what cryptocurrencies are and how they differentiate themselves. You’ll then be introduced to altcoins, a common term used to refer to any cryptocurrency that isn’t Bitcoin.

What is Bitcoin?

What is Ethereum?

What is Litecoin?

What Are Altcoins?

From there you can gain an understanding of how cryptocurrency transactions work and what goes on behind the scenes to facilitate these digital transactions. We’ll also give you an introduction to how mining works, a term used to describe the process of new coins entering the system (also used to verify and process transactions). 

How Do Bitcoin And Altcoin Transactions Work?

What is Bitcoin Mining and How Does it Work?

How Long Will It Take To Mine All The Bitcoins?

In the explanation on Ethereum or across the industry in general, you will likely come across terms like “smart contracts”, “dapps” and “DeFi”. We’ve got you covered with simple explanations on each of these, delivering a comprehensive overview to help you navigate news pieces or forum discussions with confidence. 

What Are Smart Contracts?

What Are Dapps?

What is DeFi?

From there you can explore industry terms like “what is KYC?” as well as take a look at things like market caps and bull versus bear markets. These terms you will hear a lot of in the industry, and these blogs provide you with the terminology to breeze through. 

What is KYC?

What is Market Cap?

What is A Bull Or Bear Market?

Tap into your own potential

This is a good introduction to our Learning Portal, however, there is so much more on offer. As we constantly update the portal be sure to check in when you’re ready for your next dose of crypto knowledge, or better yet bookmark the link so that you constantly are in the know. We regularly update the section with new and insightful material, so be sure to check-in. You’re never too experienced to upgrade your crypto knowledge, so use Tap as your tool kit to further expand your crypto knowledge and navigate the markets with ease. 

Cryptocurrencies derive their value from supply and demand, with the buyers and sellers playing an enormous role in the market's liquidity, and ultimately, success. This rings true for stocks, commodities and forex markets too, essentially any asset markets with trading volumes.

Anyone participating in these markets will have been a maker or a taker at some stage, most likely, both. In this article, we're breaking down the concept of makers vs takers, exploring their vital role in the market and large quantities of these result in stronger exchanges. 

Liquidity Explained

Before we dive in, let's first cover an important concept: liquidity. Assets can sometimes be described as liquid or illiquid, this simply refers to how easily the asset can sell. Gold is a prime example of a liquid asset as anyone could easily trade it for cash without any hassle, while a glass statue of your neighbour's cat would be an illiquid asset as the chances of anyone wanting to own it are slim (except for the neighbour, maybe). 

Building on this, market liquidity indicates how liquid a market is. A liquid market means that the asset is in high demand, traders are actively looking to acquire the asset, while also having a high supply, meaning that traders are actively looking to offload the asset. An illiquid market then means that there is low supply and demand, making it difficult to buy or sell the asset for a fair price.

In a liquid market where there are many traders looking to buy and sell an asset, the sell order (ask price) tends to be in the same region as the buy order (buy price). Typically, the lowest sell order will be the same as the highest buy order, creating a tight buy-ask spread. 

Now that we've covered liquidity, it's time for makers vs takers. 

What Is The Difference Between Market Makers And Market Takers?

As mentioned above, any successful exchange requires a fair amount of makers and takers. Let's explore the difference between the two below. 

Market Makers

Exchanges typically use an order book to conduct trades. The order book will store offers to buy and sell as they come in, and execute the trades when the criteria are met, i.e. someone could create an offer that says when Bitcoin reaches $40,000, buy 4. When the BTC price reaches $40,000, the order book with automatically execute this trade. 

In this case, the person creating this buy order is known as a maker. They are essentially "making" the market by announcing their intentions ahead of time via the order book. While many retail investors are makers, the field is typically made up of big traders and high-frequency trading institutions. 

A market maker is a liquidity provider. ‍

Market Takers

Market takers are then liquidity "takers", removing liquidity from the market. Takers create market orders that indicate to the exchange that the trader wants to buy or sell at the current market price. The exchange will then automatically execute the trade using a maker's offer.

A taker is a trader filling someone else's order. Market makers create offers for the order book, making it easier for users to buy and sell, while market takers exercise this liquidity by buying the asset. 

What Are Maker-Taker Fees?

You might have heard of maker-taker fees before, this makes up a considerable amount of how exchanges generate an income (after all, exchanges are businesses that need to make money). When an exchange matches a maker and a taker, they will take a small fee for the efforts on their part. This fee will differ from exchange to exchange, and will also be dependent on how big of a trade it is. 

As makers are providing liquidity to the exchange (an enticing attribute for any trading platform) they will pay lower fees compared to a trader taking away from the platform's liquidity. Always be sure to check the fee structure and pricing on a platform before engaging in any trading activity, these will be outlined in the platform's trading policy.

How Do Trading Companies Make Money?

Cryptocurrency and blockchain technology was designed to provide a decentralized financial system that bypasses government control. However, to alleviate regulatory concerns, exchanges were established to provide a reliable and convenient means of operating within the crypto markets. These exchanges provide a secure way in which users can buy, sell and trade cryptocurrencies, and in return make money through the activities of its customers as it is a business after all.

While maker and taker fees make up a large portion of how a platform generates an income, the business also generates income through deposit and withdrawal fees, commissions made on trades and listing fees. These typically make up the cost of production and running the business.

In Conclusion

Market makers contribute to the market's liquidity by creating orders looking to be filled, while market takers fill these orders. Makers are typically rewarded for bringing liquidity to a platform with low maker fees, while takers pay higher fees when they make use of this liquidity, easily buying and selling the asset. 

For all those curious about the crypto industry ready to dip their toe in the water, this one is for you. Below we share a warm welcome to the industry with a range of helpful resources covering everything from what cryptocurrency actually is to how to buy and store it. For individuals and businesses alike, let's get into it. 

What Is Cryptocurrency?

A great place to start for any people who are crypto-curious, let's cover the basics. Cryptocurrency is essentially digital cash that can be transferred from one person to another without having to rely on an authoritative entity (like a bank or government or financial institution). 

This peer to peer cash system is supported by blockchain technology, a technology that facilitates the transactions and essentially acts as a giant public ledger where anyone can view any transactions that have been made on the network. 

Through the use of blockchain, a decentralised network (meaning that no one is in charge, rather everyone follows the same protocol) of computers is responsible for verifying and executing transactions. Depending on the network this can be done in a few seconds or up to a few minutes, causing big waves in the traditional financial sector.

If you take away just four points from the above, let it be 

• Digital cash
• Peer to peer
• Blockchain technology
• Decentralised

Cryptocurrency gets its name from cryptography currency, as it uses encrypted code (cryptography) to secure and maintain the network. 

Each cryptocurrency will have a value, based on what it was last traded for, a market capitalisation, a circulating supply and a ticker symbol. The ticker symbol would be BTC for Bitcoin and ETH for Ethereum. 

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Let's Take A Look At The Three Biggest Cryptocurrencies

You've definitely heard of Bitcoin, but what about the other top cryptocurrencies? Below we give a very quick breakdown of the other big projects on the scene based on the biggest market caps. When learning about new coins we strongly advise that you do your own research before making any purchases.

Bitcoin (BTC)

A digital cash system that facilitates the quick and cheap cross-border transfer of money. 

Ethereum (ETH)

A blockchain platform that allows developers to create their own decentralised applications on top of theirs. 

Tether (USDT)

A stablecoin, meaning that its value is pegged to a fiat currency, in this case, the US dollar. 1 USDT will always be worth $1. Stable coins are a great way to enter the market as they are less volatile than traditional cryptocurrencies. ‍

How To Store Cryptocurrency

Similar to fiat currencies, cryptocurrencies need to be stored in a wallet. As the currencies are entirely digital, so too must the wallet be. Each cryptocurrency operates off a different network, requiring one wallet for each network. 

For instance, you cannot store Bitcoin in an Ethereum wallet as Bitcoin runs off a separate blockchain. Different to fiat wallets, digital wallets are how transactions take place. From your wallet, you will enter the crypto wallet address of the recipient and execute the transaction from there. 

To purchase and accumulate cryptocurrency, you will first need a wallet. There are a few different types of wallets, but let's keep it simple for now. On Tap, a fully regulated crypto app, users are automatically given a range of wallets, one for each supported cryptocurrency on the network. This allows users to buy, sell, trade, store and manage many cryptocurrencies from one secure app. Simply head to the Tap website and conveniently download the relevant app from there.

How To Buy Cryptocurrency

Buying cryptocurrency used to be a complicated endeavor however with new products on the market it has become simpler and easier to do. Tap's mobile app is a classic example. Buying crypto Tap has never been so easy all you need to do is to create an account.

You will then be asked to confirm your identity through a process known as KYC (Know Your Customer). This is a common practice required by any entity facilitating the sale of cryptocurrencies. The process is entirely integrated and will require you to submit a picture of an identification document and a selfie of you, easy stuff.

Once your account is created, you can then deposit funds. This can be done through debit card or bank transfer. Simply load your fiat wallet with the currency of your choice for free, using a debit card or a bank transfer as a payment method of your choice. 

With a loaded fiat wallet, you are then able to go shopping! Under Assets on the home screen, select Crypto, then find the cryptocurrency you would like to purchase. Simply click Options, then Buy once you are on the cryptocurrency you would like to purchase. The process is as simple and easy as it sounds. 

After buying crypto, the funds will be deposited into your wallet in a fraction of a second once the transaction has been confirmed. Not too complicated, was it? Submerge yourself into the world of crypto today with the Tap app, head to your Google Play or Apple app stores to get started straight away. 

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If you're looking to earn extra money from anywhere online you've come to the right place. Making money online has certainly become more accessible and easier over the years, and in this blog, we're reviewing several ideas to do so without having to invest.

Whether you're looking to make some money on the side, or as a full-time pursuit, remember that as with most things in life: consistency is key. On this page, you'll find a number of beginner options requiring no particular skillset (only a bank account) for you to look into, relevant everywhere from the United Kingdom to the European Union to Australia. Each method varies in financial contribution, which we've highlighted at the end with a rating of the start-up costs.

Top 5 ways to make money online for beginners

1. Affiliate marketing

Affiliate marketing involves an individual earning money through promoting another business's product. This can be done through your own platform which might range from a blog to a website, social media, email campaigning or simply Google Ads. 

All you need is a working internet connection, a bank account and a reliable browser. Each time a friend or family clicks and signs up for the product, you bank a commission. 

Many companies these days offer this service, try to find one that you and your network might be interested in and see the opportunities that they present. 

Start-up Costs: $

2. Dropshipping

This will require a substantial amount of effort, however, the returns will be that much greater. Dropshipping involves selling a product online that you do not need to keep an inventory of, instead, the company that you are buying the goods from sends them directly to the customer. 

You act as the middleman between the manufacturer and the consumer and make money from the margin that you add. The start-up costs will be for your online website and marketing. 

Start-up Costs: $$

3. Freelance your skills

You can hire out your skills on sites like Upwork or Fiverr. Users create profiles expressing their skills, anything from writing to graphic design to music creation, and can apply to jobs requiring these skills. 

These sites will typically allow employers to connect with employees, and once the work is completed the funds are deposited directly into your account. This is also a great way to start a side hustle in your area of expertise without having to tuck into your savings.

Start-up Costs: zero

4. Explore the world of cryptocurrencies

Engaging with cryptocurrencies has gained significant attention in recent years. Before diving in, it’s important to educate yourself thoroughly to grasp the complexities involved. Our blog section on how to learn about crypto is a great place to begin. The cryptocurrency market is known for its high volatility, which presents both risks and opportunities. Whether you're active daily or only occasionally, understanding the landscape is key. To get started, consider signing up for a reputable and regulated platform like Tap, which can help you manage your funds securely.

Start-up Costs: $$

5. Participate in online surveys

Online surveys are a popular way for beginners to make money online. Companies are always looking for feedback on their products and services, and they are willing to pay for it. There are several websites that offer paid online surveys, such as Swagbucks, Survey Junkie, and Toluna.

To get started, simply sign up for an account, complete your profile, and start taking surveys. You'll earn points or cash for each survey you complete, which can be redeemed for gift cards or PayPal payments. Keep in mind that surveys may have specific demographics, so you may not qualify for every survey. However, with some patience and consistency, you can earn a decent amount of extra income in your spare time.

Start-up Costs: zero
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Earn money online from anywhere in the world

Of course, this list is only a small portion of the ways you can make money online, simplified down to the top 5. If you have more time at your disposal you can engage in market surveys, beta testing, becoming a virtual assistant, or even coaching. 

The opportunities are endless, with a wide range of start-up costs, time management, returns and the amount of effort required are to be considered. Ensure you do adequate research in order to learn about your next venture before diving in. At the end of the day, anyone can earn money online, the first step is just to get started. Good luck, may you have only lucrative experiences.

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5 tips on how to manage your money 

Now that you’ve established your income stream/s, here are 5 tips on how to manage the money you’re making. Whether you’re doing this as a side hustle or a full time job, consider implementing the following 5 steps in order to build your finances. . 

1. Build an Emergency Fund

Just like in personal finance, building an emergency fund is crucial for making money online. This fund will act as a safety net in case you hit a rough patch, and it will allow you to continue your online work without financial stress.

2. Create a Budget

Budgeting is another essential aspect of making money online. Creating a budget will help you keep track of your income and expenses, and it will allow you to make informed decisions about where to allocate your resources.

3. Focus on Your Niche

To make the process of making money online more enjoyable consider focusing on a specific niche that you are passionate about. Whether it's writing, graphic design, or web development, become an expert in your field and provide value to your clients.

4. Network and Build Relationships

Building relationships with other professionals in your industry is a valuable step when making money online. Networking can help you find new clients, build your reputation, and even lead to new business opportunities.

5. Stay Consistent and Persistent

Making money online takes time and effort, and it's important to stay consistent and persistent. Set realistic goals for yourself, create a schedule, and stick to it. Remember that success doesn't happen overnight, so don't get discouraged if you don't see results right away.

So what are you waiting for? 

Bitcoin and other cryptocurrencies are all about decentralised, worldwide, financial independence and liberty. Cryptocurrencies are borderless, censorship-resistant digital currencies that can be used by anybody with internet access. 

As a result, crypto, at least in principle, appears to be the perfect solution for international travellers or "digital nomads." With the added advantage of having the Tap app, users can instantly and seamlessly use their cryptocurrencies as they would regular fiat currencies when travelling around.

With the growth rate of blockchain technology and crypto adoption increasing, it's only natural that we're seeing more options to spend and travel the world using cryptocurrency.

In this article, we'll look at a variety of different ways to spend your crypto while travelling with Tap and how to spend seamlessly with your Tap card. We will explore why people choose to use their crypto to travel and how the exploding $1 trillion travel market is important for the cryptocurrency industry. 
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Entirely Cashless

‍The beauty of travelling with crypto is that it is entirely cashless. You won't have to worry about dealing with foreign currency exchanges when entering or leaving a different country as all of your money is kept digitally online in your app. 

With the Tap card, users can use their crypto balances to load their card and freely swipe away worldwide. The card allows for seamless payments at millions of merchants around the world, with the merchant none the wiser. 

The option to upgrade to more premium accounts allows you to reduce or completely eliminate any FX fees. Get empowered and enjoy the best out of your money wherever you go.

Reduces Risk

Instead of being a target for muggings looking to steal cash, being entirely digital bypasses this risk.

Accessible

Should something happen at home you can easily and quickly send funds back. Operating 24/7 and only requiring an internet connection, sending money back home can be completed at a moment's notice. Send funds to your friends and family via crypto or fiat for free on their Tap account. 

Discounts

Last but not least, many companies offer discounts to users paying with cryptocurrencies. From travel to retail, and everything in between, users can enjoy added discounts just by utilising crypto. 

Should an event arise that you do need cash, users can easily withdraw cash from a regular ATM using their Tap card. Paying significantly lower fees than you would with your standard bank card, the Tap card allows you to seamlessly integrate into the foreign country with peace of mind. 

How To Travel Abroad With Tap

This is the ultimate crypto vacation guide showing you how to buy everything that you might need through the Tap app for that epic crypto vacation abroad.
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Flights

CheapAir.com was the first US online travel agency to open its doors to crypto, getting into the game as early as 2013. The company currently allows holidaymakers to make payments using Bitcoin, Litecoin, Bitcoin Cash and Dash.

In 2020, Travala and Expedia merged to give users access to millions of hotels and villas worldwide payable in over 30 popular types of cryptocurrencies. There is also Destinia.com in Spain, airBaltic in Latvia, Surf Air in the US, and Peach Aviation in Japan.

Conveniently buy everything you need with your Tap app by scanning the company’s QR code and confirming the transaction. Alternatively, you can make online purchases using your Tap card. 
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Accommodation

Travala, CheapAir.com and Destinia all allow users to book flights and accommodation in one smooth transaction. On Destinia look out for the GoCoin merchant plugin.

Booking.com has partnered with flight planner, A Bit Sky, to provide a location with both flight and accommodation options.

Savvy accommodation-seekers can look to Airbnb-style crypto startups like 99Flats in India or CryptoCribs on Reddit, or head over to XcelTrip,a decentralized travel ecosystem, which provides access to 400 airlines and 1.5 million hotels.
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Food and Drink

CoinMap is an app for anyone and everyone wanting to find crypto-friendly companies. Felix Weis, as well as numerous other cryptocurrency influencers, has credited CoinMap with being the saviour for finding the closest cafe, bar, or restaurant that accepts Bitcoin, including international chains such as Subway and local providers who use crypto merchants. Say goodbye to walking around with boatloads of cash and just take your Tap app along instead. 

Holidaymakers can also look to using crypto to buy a gift card which can be purchased online through Gyft or eGifter, with eGifter offering a 5% discount for purchases made with Bitcoin. eGifter offers gift cards to restaurants like Papa John, Taco Bell, Dunkin’ Donuts, TGI Fridays, UberEats and more.
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Getting Around

Expedia, A Bit Sky, Destinia, and CheapAir all offer access to transfers or car rentals in their services, while Gyft and eGifter offer Uber vouchers. There is also SpendBitcoin.com, which locates different crypto-accepting services in an area, simply chose the car filter option.
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Things To Do

Again, Gyft and eGifter provide access to options like Groupon where you can find local activities on offer, or head to purse.io for any last-minute Amazon purchases (snorkel, anyone?).
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Travel The Tap Way‍

Both the Tap card and the Tap app can provide a seamless and cost-effective solution to using both fiat and cryptocurrencies when travelling. Simply load your wallet with crypto and fiat currencies, and pay directly from the app or use the card to pay at millions of merchants around the world. Say hello to easy travel and plenty of discounts. 

With a range of coins on offer and an integrated smart engine that ensures the best possible prices in real time, travelling with cryptocurrencies and Tap is as smooth a ride as it gets.

With a range of coins on offer and an integrated smart router, Tap lets you store and manage your digital assets wherever, whenever. There are no border delays or inconvenient payment processes to worry about while travelling with crypto only speed and convenience. Tap is as seamless a journey as it gets. 

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Understanding what crypto trading pairs are is important for all levels of trading, whether new to the market and looking to buy cryptocurrencies or wanting to engage in advanced arbitrage strategies. 

While the concept has been around in the stock markets for a while, it came about in the crypto industry due to a number of exchanges only allowing bigger cryptocurrencies like Bitcoin and Ethereum to be purchased with fiat currencies. While other cryptocurrencies were available on the platform, they could only be bought by trading BTC or ETH. Hence, it became necessary for a relationship to be established in terms of value between the cryptocurrencies being exchanged for one another.

When it comes to investing in cryptocurrencies there are plenty of options available, it only makes sense that markets open allowing one digital asset to be traded for another.

Crypto Trading Pairs Explained

Every cryptocurrency has an established value against a fiat currency, while this will continuously change depending on the market conditions affecting it, the use of the same fiat will remain. Most sites default to present a cryptocurrency's value in USD, however, they also allow for changes to be made (to GBP, EUR, etc). This is referred to as a base currency.

A trading pair is when two cryptocurrencies can be traded against each other, as opposed to a cryptocurrency and fiat. For example, BTC/LTC, or ETH/DOGE. In order to acquire the one, the other will need to be exchanged. In this case, the base currency is now a cryptocurrency. 

If you would like to buy DOGE with DOT but the exchange does not have this trading pair available, you would need to exchange DOGE for BTC, and then buy DOT with the BTC. Unfortunately, this will incur more fees, illustrating the convenience of trading pairs. 

How Do Trading Pairs Work?

Exchanges typically allow you to compare costs between cryptocurrencies, i.e. how much Bitcoin you will need to pay for Litecoin. If you are unable to load your account with fiat, you can still trade using cryptocurrencies, depositing one and trading it for another. 

Trading pairs allow you to establish a cryptocurrency's value in terms of another cryptocurrency. 

Say you buy ETH/LTC, this means that you are buying ETH in exchange for LTC. LTC is then the base currency. If you were selling ETH/LTC, you would be selling ETH and accumulating LTC. Ethereum and Bitcoin are the most common base currencies, however, the bigger the exchange the more trading pairs are on offer. 

Before engaging in any trading pairs take a look at the fees and taxes associated with the trade on the exchange's website, as sometimes some cryptocurrencies can incur higher fees. 

In Conclusion

Trading pairs are when a cryptocurrency is valued against another cryptocurrency and capable of being traded for one another. Trading pairs provide an essential role in the crypto economy. These days there are hundreds of trading pairs on offer, allowing traders to make informed decisions, find better prices, and perform a greater number of transactions. 

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When exploring the world of blockchain and its endless possibilities, it’s likely that you’ve come across the term dapps. But what are dapps? In this piece we explore the concept, decipher their place in the industry, and look at several networks that currently support them.

What are dapps?

Decentralized apps, or dapps as they’re more commonly known, are applications that are built on top of peer to peer decentralized networks. Instead of being built on one computer, with one single entity in control, dapps utilize a network of computers based anywhere around the world. With multiple computers operating and maintaining the network, dapps are able to incorporate many streams of content consumption, be it providing content, trading or consuming it. 

The advantages of dapps

Compared to standard web apps, like Twitter or Uber, these apps can handle multiple users but only one authority has control over the backend of the app. Dapps provide a more decentralized and secure approach. So while Uber connects passengers to drivers through the app for a portion of the payment, dapps essentially allow the drivers and riders to connect directly, taking no payment for the connection.

Another advantage to the world of dapps is that all transactions are transparent and stored on the blockchain of the network it is built on. Dapps also need a token to operate, which enhances the security of both the dapp and the transactions taking place. Typically dapps are also open source, allowing other developers to view the code and further drive development in the industry.

The disadvantages of dapps

As with anything in life, there are also disadvantages. As the world of dapps is still in its infancy stage, the user base is relatively low. When it comes to blockchain based projects, the more users a network has the higher functioning the network is. Unfortunately, many dapps still have a relatively low user base decreasing the functionality, however that doesn’t speak for all of them. As the blockchain and crypto worlds continue developing and reaching wider audiences, both the usability and users will increase. 

Another disadvantage is the potential vulnerability to hacking. As most dapps are created using open source smart contracts, this leaves them open to potential probing from hackers. This isn’t a given, however it has happened in the past that hackers found weaknesses in the network and were able to conduct illicit activities through them. 

How many dapps are there?

According to a dapp monitoring website, State Of The Dapps, there are currently roughly 3,500 dapps in the industry. These are spanned across a wide range of networks, including the likes of Ethereum, EOS, TRON, NEO, Steem and more. The website further reports that over $257 million has passed through the dapps industry in just twenty four hours (at the time of writing). Dapps also cover a broad range of subjects, with dapps catering to industries like energy, exchanges, finance, gambling, games, health, identity, insurance, marketplaces, media, property, security, social, storage and wallets. The most widely of which are finance, security and exchanges.

A look into Ethereum dapps

The most widely used network to create dapps on top of, Ethereum has over 2,700 dapps built on its network. Ethereum was the first network designed to provide a blockchain platform on which developers could build their own decentralized applications. Ethereum was also the first network that allowed developers to create and execute their own smart contracts, an essential ingredient to the making of dapps. 

According to DappRadar, the three biggest dapps currently on the Ethereum network are DeFi projects and an exchange. Coming in at first place based on its current market cap is Uniswap, a defi protocol (exchange) that facilitates the trading of cryptocurrencies. Uniswap has an estimated 48,950 active users. Also dabbling in the world of DeFi, the second largest dapp on the Ethereum network is compound, a protocol that allows users to lend and borrow crypto. The third largest is MakerDAO, a smart contract that facilitates user interaction with the Dai stablecoin system.

A look into EOS dapps

Similar to Ethereum but with fewer transaction fees, the Entrepreneurial Operating System was designed to provide developers with a platform on which to build their blockchain based endeavours. As the second largest platform on which dapps are currently created, let’s explore the three largest dapps currently operating on the network. Coming in first place is Joule, a dapp which promotes financial inclusion and social change through determining the Global Popularity Index in real time. The next two entries both fall into the DeFi category, being Defibox and VIGOR.

The power of dapps

While many dapps are still in the experimental phase, there is also a large amount of money circulating in the industry and millions of users indicating a promising market. Thanks to dapps’ wide use range and the amount of innovation in the industry at present, the dapp industry is likely to continue growing and become a permanent fixture in many peoples’ lives, whether crypto inclined or not.

Step into the realm of bear markets, a world where uncertainty reigns, prices take a plunge, and investor confidence and market sentiment tremble.

Whether you're a seasoned investor or just dipping your toes into the financial waters, understanding bear markets is crucial to safeguard your investments and making sound decisions during challenging times. Picture a bear market as a phase in the market cycle where prices stubbornly decline across different asset classes like stocks, bonds, or commodities. It's like sailing through stormy seas, with pessimism in the air and economic challenges ahead.

In this article, we're here to shed light on the defining characteristics of bear markets, unravel the factors that drive their descent, and equip you with practical strategies to weather the storm. We aim to empower you with the knowledge and tools needed to navigate bear markets successfully, whether you're trading the stock markets or cryptocurrencies.

What is a bear market?

A bear market refers to a phase in the market cycle characterized by prolonged price declines across various asset classes, such as stocks, bonds, cryptocurrencies, or commodities. It is the opposite of a bull market, where optimism prevails and prices soar.

During a bear market, investor sentiment is dominated by pessimism and uncertainty. Prices experience a prolonged downward trend, typically resulting in a decline of 20% or more from previous market highs. The average bear market lasts from a few months to several years.

A bear market occurs during times of a weak or slowing economy, with several factors contributing to its onset. Economic slowdowns, recessionary conditions, or negative events can trigger a shift in investor sentiment. Factors such as poor corporate earnings, geopolitical tensions, financial crises, or adverse macroeconomic indicators can erode confidence and spark a sustained period of downward spiral in prices.

Bear vs bull market

Unlike bull markets, where rising prices create opportunities for capital gains, a bear market poses significant challenges. Investors often face declining portfolio values and may experience financial losses. Investors tend to exhibit caution, with a focus on capital preservation and defensive strategies.

How to navigate bear market territory

Investing in a bear market requires a different approach than in a bull market. Defensive strategies, such as reducing exposure to high-risk assets, reallocating to safer investments like bonds or cash equivalents, and adopting hedging techniques, are commonly used. Investors may also use this time to seek out undervalued opportunities, look to selective stock picking, or explore assets that tend to perform well in downturns, such as defensive stocks or precious metals.

While bear markets can be challenging, they also present unique opportunities. Savvy investors with a long-term perspective may find attractive entry points to accumulate quality assets at discounted prices. It is important, however, to exercise caution, conduct thorough research, and maintain a disciplined approach to risk management.

What does the term “bear” refer to?

In the context of a bear market, the term "bear" is used to symbolize the behavior of a bear when attacking its prey. The word "bear" signifies downward movement, as a bear swipes its paws downward. It represents a market condition where prices are falling, investor sentiment is negative, and there is an overall sense of pessimism. The term "bear" serves as a metaphor for a market that is in decline, highlighting the aggressive downward movement of prices during this phase.

The characteristics of bear markets

Bear markets possess distinct traits that differentiate them from bull markets. Understanding these characteristics is crucial for investors to navigate market downturns safely. Let's explore the defining traits of a bear market:

Negative investor sentiment

Bear markets occur when fear and uncertainty dominate investor sentiment, leading to increased caution and risk aversion.

Prolonged price declines

A bear market is marked by sustained periods of price decline across different asset classes, reflecting the prevailing negative sentiment.

Volatility and increased selling pressure

Bear markets tend to exhibit heightened volatility, with larger sell-offs and increased trading volumes as selling pressure outweighs buying interest.

Economic challenges and recessionary conditions

Economic challenges such as slowdowns or recessions often accompany bear markets, further contributing to the negative sentiment.

Declining investor confidence and reduced market participation

Investor confidence erodes, leading to reduced market participation as investors prioritize capital preservation and minimize losses.

Defensive sector performance

Certain defensive sectors like utilities, consumer staples, healthcare, and precious metals tend to show resilience during bear markets.

Opportunities for value investing

Bear markets offer opportunities for investors to capitalize on undervalued assets and benefit from the eventual market recovery.

Recognizing these bear market characteristics and knowing when it shifts from a bull market empowers investors to adjust their strategies and protect their portfolios. Defensive positioning, risk management, and a long-term perspective are crucial during market downturns. By understanding these traits, investors can potentially capitalize on opportunities and navigate the challenges of a bear market effectively.

A simple but practical tool investors use to navigate the ups and downs of market cycles is implementing dollar cost averaging where traders buy the asset or stocks at regular intervals despite what the price might be. This tool has proven useful when trading on stock markets such as the Dow Jones Industrial Average (DJIA) or S&P 500.

The benefits of a bear market

While bear markets present unique challenges, they also offer valuable benefits for strategic investors. Here are the advantages of a bear market:

Buying opportunities at discounted prices

In the stock market, stock prices decline, providing attractive entry points for long-term investors to acquire undervalued assets. This remains true for most other markets, including cryptocurrencies and precious metals.

Dividend yields and income generation

Dividend yields increase as stock prices decline, offering income-focused investors regular cash flow from dividend-paying stocks.

Defensive sector performance

Defensive sectors like utilities, consumer staples, and healthcare demonstrate relative resilience during a bear market, providing stability in the stock market amidst economic volatility.

Long-term value investing

Value investors can identify undervalued assets and potentially achieve substantial returns over the long run by capitalizing on the market's pessimism.

Behavioral lessons and investor growth

Unlike a bull market, navigating a bear market fosters personal and emotional growth, allowing investors to refine their strategies and become more knowledgeable for future investments.

While a bear market requires a long-term perspective and prudent strategies, similar to a bull market they too provide opportunities to take advantage of. By embracing discounted prices in the stock market and other financial markets, focusing on defensive sectors, engaging in value investing, and growing both personally and professionally, investors can emerge stronger and more resilient on their financial journey.

The risks of a bear market

In light of the above, it is also important to acknowledge and navigate the risks associated with downturned market conditions. Below, we explore the potential risks associated with investing during a bear market.

Portfolio declines and losses

Decreasing stock prices can lead to losses, hindering long-term wealth accumulation. Maintaining a long-term perspective and focusing on quality investments is crucial.

Volatility and emotional stress

Increased market volatility creates emotional stress for investors. Staying disciplined and avoiding emotional decisions are important aspects to hold onto during both bear and bull markets.

Economic uncertainty and job insecurity

Economic challenges in bear market territory can result in job insecurity and reduced consumer spending. Reassessing personal finances and enhancing financial resilience is key.

Deteriorating corporate profits

Weakened economic conditions can lead to declining revenues, reduced dividends, and potential bankruptcies. Thorough research and the monitoring of a company's financial health are essential.

Psychological biases and herd mentality

Fear and herd mentality can impair decision-making, leading to irrational choices. Recognizing biases and making rational decisions based on long-term goals is vital.

Market timing challenges

Timing the market is difficult and can lead to missed opportunities or further losses. Focusing on long-term fundamentals and disciplined strategies is advisable.

Navigating the risks of a bear market requires discipline, risk management, and a long-term perspective. Maintaining a well-diversified portfolio and staying informed is crucial. Recognizing and planning for risks can help investors mitigate challenges and emerge stronger.

Previous bear runs

Previous bear runs in financial markets provide valuable lessons about the risks and challenges of market downturns. The global financial crisis of 2008 and the dot-com bubble crash of the early 2000s serve as reminders of the importance of managing risk and maintaining a diversified portfolio. These historical bear markets highlight the unpredictability of the market and the potential for widespread losses.

Lessons learned include the need to be prepared by diversifying investments, taking a long-term perspective, and staying informed. Studying the history of bear markets empowers investors to make informed decisions, adapt strategies, and navigate downturns with resilience and confidence.

In conclusion: what is a bear market?

A bear market is a time of market downturn with declining prices and investor sentiment. Understanding how a bear market works is crucial for investors. While they present opportunities like discounted prices and income generation, risks such as portfolio declines, volatility, and economic uncertainty must be navigated. Lessons from previous bear runs highlight the importance of risk management and diversification. 

By studying history, investors can make informed decisions and adapt strategies. With a long-term perspective and disciplined approach, they can harness the benefits and manage the risks of bear markets, emerging stronger and more resilient.

You may have heard of bear and bull markets; both referring to economic conditions within a market. Think about how a bull attacks, lifting you up with its horns. 

A bull  market or bullish market describes a condition within a financial market where the prices are rising or are expected to rise. The term "bull market" is most often used to refer to a financial market but refers as well to any asset that is tradable such as bonds, real estate, commodities, and currencies. Bull markets indicate investor confidence, optimism, and expectations that strong results will continue for an extended period of time.

There are two ways to What is a Bull Market?

A bull market refers to a financial market condition in which the prices of securities or assets are rising or expected to rise over an extended period. In a bull market, investors are optimistic about the future prospects of the market and are willing to buy securities, pushing prices higher.
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Bull markets are often associated with economic growth, strong corporate earnings, and low unemployment rates. In these conditions, investors are confident that businesses will continue to perform well and that the overall economy will continue to expand, leading to higher stock prices.
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Recognizing a Bull Market

To recognize a bull market, investors need to look for a sustained period of rising prices across the market or a specific asset class. This period can last anywhere from a few months to several years.
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Another way to recognize a bull market is through technical analysis. Technical analysts look at charts and other market indicators to identify patterns that signal a market trend. In a bull market, technical analysts may look for higher highs and higher lows in price movements over time.
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Impact of a Bull Market

A bull market can have a significant impact on the economy, businesses, and investors. When the stock market is performing well, businesses may have easier access to capital and credit, which can lead to increased investment and growth.
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A bull market can also lead to increased consumer confidence, as investors feel more optimistic about the economy and their financial futures. This can lead to higher consumer spending, which can, in turn, fuel economic growth.
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On the other hand, a prolonged bull market can lead to a market bubble, where prices become overinflated and unsustainable. This can lead to a market correction, where prices drop significantly, and investors may suffer losses.
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In conclusion

Bull markets can have a significant impact on the economy, businesses, and investors. Recognizing a bull market and understanding its impact can help investors make more informed investment decisions. However, it's essential to remain vigilant and avoid investing solely based on market trends, as market bubbles can lead to significant losses.

approach a bull market: selling stock for high profits or holding in hopes of rising prices in the future. Alternatively, you can also buy more assets, but most would not recommend buying on a high.

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Ένα ψηφιακό πορτοφόλι συμβατικού νομίσματος είναι ένας ψηφιακός χώρος όπου μπορείτε να αποθηκεύετε, να στέλνετε και να λαμβάνετε συμβατικά νομίσματα. Μοιάζει πολύ με έναν διαδικτυακό τραπεζικό λογαριασμό και είναι απλά ένας λογαριασμός που περιέχει συμβατικά νομίσματα σε ψηφιακή μορφή. 

Οι περισσότερες πλατφόρμες συναλλαγών κρυπτονομισμάτων προσφέρουν τη δυνατότητα ψηφιακού πορτοφολιού συμβατικού νομίσματος παράλληλα με τα πορτοφόλια κρυπτονομισμάτων. Αυτό επιτρέπει στους χρήστες να αγοράζουν και να πωλούν ψηφιακά περιουσιακά στοιχεία πιο αποτελεσματικά. Ένα τέτοιο πορτοφόλι επιτρέπει στους χρήστες να παρακάμψουν τις καθυστερήσεις που προκαλούνται από τις τραπεζικές μεταφορές κατά την κατάθεση συμβατικού νομίσματος σε μια πλατφόρμα συναλλαγών.

Τα ψηφιακά πορτοφόλια συμβατικού νομίσματος είναι επίσης συνηθισμένα σε προϊόντα χρηματοοικονομικής τεχνολογίας και απαιτούν άδειες ηλεκτρονικού χρήματος για να λειτουργήσουν. Σε αυτές τις περιπτώσεις, οι χρήστες συνήθως κερδίζουν τόκους ή άλλα οφέλη από την αποθήκευση των χρημάτων τους σε αυτά τα πορτοφόλια.

Πώς λειτουργεί ένα ψηφιακό πορτοφόλι συμβατικού νομίσματος;

Ένα ψηφιακό πορτοφόλι συμβατικού νομίσματος, όπως και ένα πορτοφόλι κρυπτονομισμάτων, χρησιμοποιείται για την αποθήκευση νομίσματος. Τα χρήματα σε ένα τέτοιο πορτοφόλι είναι απλά συμβατικά μετρητά, παρόμοια με αυτά στον παραδοσιακό τραπεζικό σας λογαριασμό. 

Οι χρήστες μπορούν να χρησιμοποιήσουν ένα ψηφιακό πορτοφόλι συμβατικού νομίσματος σε μια πλατφόρμα συναλλαγών κρυπτονομισμάτων για να πραγματοποιήσουν γρήγορες συναλλαγές μεταξύ συμβατικού νομίσματος και κρυπτονομίσματος χωρίς να χρειάζεται να περάσουν μέσω των τραπεζών τους. Επίσης, μπορούν να το χρησιμοποιήσουν σε μια πλατφόρμα χρηματοοικονομικής τεχνολογίας για να κερδίσουν τόκους. Τα ψηφιακά πορτοφόλια συμβατικού νομίσματος λειτουργούν ως ένα ενδιάμεσο βήμα που συνδέει τον κόσμο των συμβατικών χρηματοοικονομικών με τον κόσμο των κρυπτονομισμάτων.

_{Γιατί να χρησιμοποιήσετε ένα ψηφιακό πορτοφόλι συμβατικού νομίσματος;}

Συνοπτικά, οι άνθρωποι χρησιμοποιούν ένα ψηφιακό πορτοφόλι συμβατικού νομίσματος για λόγους ρευστότητας. Χωρίς ένα τέτοιο πορτοφόλι, μια τραπεζική μεταφορά μπορεί να διαρκέσει αρκετές εργάσιμες ημέρες. Σε ορισμένες περιπτώσεις, αυτό μπορεί να αποτελέσει πρόβλημα για τον χρήστη, ειδικά αν:

- Θέλει να αγοράσει ή να πουλήσει κρυπτονομίσματα γρήγορα κατά τη διάρκεια περιόδων με απότομες αλλαγές τιμών
- Δεν θέλει το χαρτοφυλάκιό του να υποστεί ζημιές κατά τη διάρκεια περιόδων αστάθειας 

Με ένα ψηφιακό πορτοφόλι συμβατικού νομίσματος, οι συναλλαγές ολοκληρώνονται γρήγορα, επιτρέποντάς σας να επωφεληθείτε από τις πτώσεις ή τις αυξήσεις των τιμών.

Είναι ασφαλής η χρήση ενός ψηφιακού πορτοφολιού συμβατικού νομίσματος;

Ένα ψηφιακό πορτοφόλι συμβατικού νομίσματος είναι τόσο ασφαλές όσο και η πλατφόρμα στην οποία φιλοξενείται. Δεν υπάρχει διαφορά στην ασφάλεια μεταξύ των πορτοφολιών κρυπτονομισμάτων και συμβατικών νομισμάτων, καθώς τα επίπεδα ασφαλείας τους συνδέονται με αυτά της πλατφόρμας. 

Οι πάροχοι ψηφιακών πορτοφολιών χρησιμοποιούν τα πιο ασφαλή μέτρα προστασίας για να διαφυλάξουν τα περιουσιακά στοιχεία των πελατών. Εκτός από την κρυπτογράφηση δεδομένων, οι πάροχοι συνήθως προτρέπουν τους πελάτες να χρησιμοποιούν πολλαπλούς παράγοντες ταυτοποίησης, όπως έναν ισχυρό κωδικό πρόσβασης σε συνδυασμό με άλλα μέτρα ασφαλείας όπως βιομετρικά στοιχεία ή προσωρινούς κωδικούς.

Investing centers around making gains off of your initial capital. When determining the potential gains one could make there are a number of variables one needs to consider, such as how much capital one has put into the investment and what returns are associated with that asset class.

This led to the creation of ROI (return on investment), a measure that allows anyone to calculate the net profit or loss of an investment in percentage form. 

What is return on investment?

All investments, including stocks, bonds, real estate, and small businesses, come with the goal of making more money than you put in. The money you earn over and above your initial investment is called profit. When discussing investment profitability, people often use the term ROI, meaning return on investment. This metric expresses the amount of net profit one can earn/earned as a percentage of what the initial investment was.

ROI can help you assess if buying property or investing in a business is worth it. It's also helped companies determine the value of adding new products, building more facilities, acquiring other businesses, advertising campaigns, etc.

ROI (return on investment) is the percentage of gain or loss on an investment relative to the total cost of the investment.  In other terms, it's a way to compare different investments in order to figure out which ones are worth pursuing. For example, you could calculate ROI to decide whether selling one stock and buying another would be a good idea.

While there is no limit to a return on investment theoretically, in practice, no investment is guaranteed to have any return. If your ROI is negative, it means you not only failed to make a profit but also lost some of your original investment. The worst possible outcome would be -100% ROI, meaning you completely lost your initial investment. An ROI of 0% signifies that you at least recovered the money you put in, but gained nothing beyond that.

While ROI is often used as a marker of profitability, it isn't foolproof. There are several limitations to calculating ROI as your only measure which include the time frame in which you will earn back your investment, inflation rates, how risky a venture is, and additional maintenance costs that may be incurred.

Calculating ROI terminology

Before we dive in, let's first cover some basic terminology.

Net profit or net income

Net profit is the amount of money left over after all operating costs, such as the cost of transaction costs or maintenance costs, and other expenses have been accounted for and subtracted from the total revenue. It is used to measure profitability. Net profit can also be called net income, net earnings, or the bottom line.

Total cost of investment

This figure will look at the amount of money invested in a particular investment.

How to calculate ROI: the ROI formula

The ROI formula is a simple equation that looks at the price change of the asset and the net profits (the initial cost of the investment minus its value when you sell it). When calculating ROI you would use this formula:

ROI = (Net Profit / Total Cost of Investment) x 100

To factor trading costs into your ROI figure, you'll use: 

ROI = ((Value of Investment - Cost of Investment – Associated Costs) / Cost of Investment) x 100

As an example, let's say you buy 5 shares of $100 each in Twitter, equating to $500. You sell them a year later for $150 each, equating to $750. Let's say you paid $5 commission on each trade, costing you $25 in trading fees. 

ROI = (($750 - $500 - $25) / $500) x 100 = 45%

This means that you made a 45% return on investment on that particular investment.

How to determine a strong ROI

A "good" return on investment is any number above 0, as this means you made some profit. However, the ideal ROI should be higher than what you could've earned had you chosen another investment (the next best thing). 

To compare this, investors often compare their earnings to what they could've made on the broader stock market or in a high-yield savings account. Using the S&P 500 as a control, over the past four decades it has made gains of around 7% (after inflation). An ROI is generally considered to be a strong one if it beats the stock market in the long term. 

It's always important to note that past performance does not equate to future results. Another pearl of wisdom to remember is that high rewards generally come alongside high risks. If an investment promises very high ROIs, consider this also means that it comes with high risks. 

Therefore, a strong ROI will vary depending on the investment's level of risk, your goals, and how much risk you're willing to take.

Where the ROI formula falls short

The main limitation of using this return on investment ROI formula as a marker of success is that it doesn't show how long it took to earn the money back. When comparing various investments, the time it takes to mature will have a significant impact on the profits you could earn.

For instance, a year loan versus a bond held for five years versus a property held for 10 years will all have varying ROIs once you've established how long it will take to earn the specified ROIs. 

In this scenario, the ROI calculations mentioned above skimp on the full story. It also doesn't account for risk. For instance, the loan repayments could be delayed or the property market might be in a slump, all affecting the potential profits earnable.

With many variables, it becomes harder to predict what the exact ROI calculation on an investment will be, so be sure to factor this in when using the return on investment ROI formula to determine how attractive an investment opportunity or business venture is. 

ROI alternatives

Although the return on investment doesn't consider how long you keep an asset, it's essential to compare the ROI of investments held for comparable lengths of time as a more clear performance measure. If that's not possible, there are a few other options.

Average Annual Return

Also known as annualized return on investment, this adjusts the ROI formula to factor in the timing. Here you would divide the ROI by the number of years you hold the asset.

Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR)

This option is more complicated but yields more accurate results as it factors in compound interest generated over time. 

Internal Rate of Return (IRR)

This measure factors in the notion that profits earned earlier outway the same profits earned later, taking into account interest that could've been earned and factors like inflation. This equation is quite complicated but there are online calculators one can use. 

Conclusion

A return on investment (ROI) is a formula used to calculate the net profit or loss of an investment in percentage form. The ROI calculation can present valuable information when investing capital or determining profitability ratios. The ROI equation looks at the initial value of one investment and determines the financial return. A negative ROI indicates that the investment returns were lower than the investment cost.

Ποτέ δεν είναι αργά για να γνωρίσετε το νέο, ψηφιακό σύστημα πληρωμών. Το Bitcoin γίνεται όλο και πιο γνωστό με κάθε χρόνο που περνά και, καθώς η υιοθέτησή του αυξάνεται ραγδαία, τώρα είναι η ιδανική στιγμή να κατανοήσετε τι είναι το πρώτο και μεγαλύτερο κρυπτονόμισμα στον κόσμο.

Τι είναι το Bitcoin;

Το Bitcoin είναι ένα σύστημα πληρωμών μεταξύ χρηστών (peer-to-peer) που λειτουργεί μέσω του διαδικτύου και όχι μέσω κάποιας κεντρικής αρχής — όπως μια τράπεζα ή ένα κράτος.

Αυτό σημαίνει ότι εξαλείφεται ο μεσάζων: οι χρήστες μπορούν να στείλουν χρήματα απευθείας ο ένας στον άλλον, χωρίς χρονοβόρες διαδικασίες, υψηλές χρεώσεις ή αναμονή για έγκριση από τράπεζες.

Το δίκτυο δεν ελέγχεται από κάποιον οργανισμό, αλλά λειτουργεί από ένα παγκόσμιο δίκτυο υπολογιστών που ακολουθεί ένα κοινό πρωτόκολλο.

Η τεχνολογία blockchain αποτελεί τη ραχοκοκαλιά του Bitcoin και εγγυάται ότι όλες οι συναλλαγές είναι διαφανείς, άμεσες και αμετάβλητες.

Το Bitcoin είναι ένα ασφαλές, αποκεντρωμένο, χωρίς σύνορα ψηφιακό νόμισμα που λειτουργεί 24 ώρες την ημέρα, 7 ημέρες την εβδομάδα.

Συχνά συγκρίνεται με τον χρυσό, καθώς και τα δύο θεωρούνται διαχρονικά αποθετήρια αξίας. Παρά το ότι η ρύθμιση των crypto βρίσκεται ακόμη σε εξέλιξη, το Bitcoin παραμένει μια από τις πιο διαδεδομένες μορφές πληρωμής στον κόσμο.

Ποια είναι τα οφέλη του Bitcoin;

Το Bitcoin έφερε έναν εντελώς νέο τρόπο διαχείρισης χρημάτων. Με τον συνδυασμό blockchain τεχνολογίας και του διαδικτύου, έχει εξελιχθεί σε ένα δυναμικό ψηφιακό οικοσύστημα.

Ορισμένα βασικά πλεονεκτήματα:

• Αποκέντρωση: Κανένας οργανισμός δεν μπορεί να παγώσει λογαριασμούς ή να εμποδίσει συναλλαγές.
• Προσβασιμότητα: Οποιοσδήποτε, από οπουδήποτε, μπορεί να χρησιμοποιήσει το Bitcoin — αρκεί να έχει σύνδεση στο διαδίκτυο.
• Διαφάνεια: Παρόλο που οι χρήστες είναι ψευδώνυμοι, όλες οι συναλλαγές καταγράφονται δημόσια σε πραγματικό χρόνο.
• Ρευστότητα: Το Bitcoin διαπραγματεύεται σε εκατοντάδες πλατφόρμες παγκοσμίως, διασφαλίζοντας υψηλή ρευστότητα ανά πάσα στιγμή.

Πώς λειτουργεί το Bitcoin;

Χάρη στο blockchain, το δίκτυο υπολογιστών επιτρέπει τη μεταφορά αξίας απευθείας από έναν χρήστη σε άλλον, χωρίς ενδιάμεσους.

Παράδειγμα:
Η Αμαλία θέλει να στείλει 1 BTC στον Γιώργο. Ανοίγει το ψηφιακό της πορτοφόλι, εισάγει τη διεύθυνση του Γιώργου (public key) και το ποσό.

Κάθε wallet έχει δύο κωδικούς:

• Τη δημόσια διεύθυνση (public key), που μπορεί να κοινοποιηθεί
• Τον ιδιωτικό κωδικό (private key), που πρέπει να μένει απόρρητος

Αφού η συναλλαγή σταλεί, εισέρχεται σε ένα “pool” αναμονής. Οι miners του δικτύου διαγωνίζονται για να επιλύσουν ένα μαθηματικό πρόβλημα. Ο πρώτος που το λύνει, επιβεβαιώνει τη συναλλαγή.

Τα χρήματα φεύγουν από την Αμαλία και φτάνουν στον Γιώργο. Η διαδικασία καταγράφεται στο blockchain, μαζί με την ημερομηνία, την ώρα, τα ποσά και τις διευθύνσεις των πορτοφολιών.

Για να θεωρείται μια συναλλαγή οριστική, απαιτούνται 3 επιβεβαιώσεις (blocks) στο blockchain.

Τι δίνει αξία στο Bitcoin;

Η τιμή του Bitcoin καθορίζεται από τη ζήτηση και προσφορά. Από την πρώτη στιγμή, ο κώδικάς του όρισε ότι μόνο 21 εκατομμύρια BTC θα δημιουργηθούν ποτέ. Αυτή η περιορισμένη προσφορά το καθιστά εγγενώς αντιπληθωριστικό — αντίθετο δηλαδή από τα συμβατικά νομίσματα.

Η περιορισμένη προσφορά σε συνδυασμό με την αυξανόμενη ζήτηση είναι οι κύριοι λόγοι που η αξία του έχει αυξηθεί εντυπωσιακά με την πάροδο των ετών.

Πολλοί επενδυτές το βλέπουν ως μακροπρόθεσμο αποθετήριο αξίας — γνωστό και ως "HODL".

Σε τι χρησιμοποιείται το Bitcoin;

Με χαρακτηριστικά παρόμοια με τα μετρητά, δυνατότητα χρήσης 24/7 και δυνατότητα μεταφοράς σε οποιοδήποτε σημείο του κόσμου, το Bitcoin θεωρείται ιδανικό μέσο πληρωμής.

Μπορεί να χρησιμοποιηθεί για:

• Αγορές αγαθών ή υπηρεσιών (πολλοί έμποροι το δέχονται πλέον)
• Αποθήκευση αξίας ως επενδυτική επιλογή

Αρκεί μόνο μια σύνδεση στο διαδίκτυο για να στείλετε ή να λάβετε Bitcoin από οπουδήποτε.

Από πού προήλθε το Bitcoin;

Το Bitcoin παρουσιάστηκε στον κόσμο στις 31 Οκτωβρίου 2008 και επίσημα λανσαρίστηκε τον Ιανουάριο του 2009. Δημιουργήθηκε από τον μυστηριώδη Satoshi Nakamoto, που παραμένει ανώνυμος μέχρι σήμερα.

Στο whitepaper του project εξηγεί πως το Bitcoin δημιουργήθηκε ως αντίδραση στην παγκόσμια οικονομική κρίση, με στόχο την απεξάρτηση από τράπεζες και κυβερνήσεις.

Το 2010, ο Nakamoto εξαφανίστηκε — και πολλοί πιστεύουν ότι πίσω από το όνομα βρισκόταν μια ομάδα ανθρώπων, όχι ένα μόνο άτομο.

Μετά το Bitcoin, δημιουργήθηκαν χιλιάδες νέα νομίσματα (γνωστά ως altcoins). Για παράδειγμα, το Ethereum δημιουργήθηκε για την ανάπτυξη αποκεντρωμένων εφαρμογών, ενώ το Litecoin στοχεύει σε πιο γρήγορες πληρωμές.

Πώς να αγοράσετε Bitcoin;‍

Η αγορά Bitcoin είναι πολύ πιο απλή απ’ όσο φαντάζεστε.

Αρκεί να δημιουργήσετε έναν λογαριασμό στην εφαρμογή Tap, να ολοκληρώσετε την ταυτοποίησή σας, και μέσα σε λίγα κλικ μπορείτε να αποκτήσετε BTC.

Η εφαρμογή σας δίνει πρόσβαση σε ασφαλές crypto πορτοφόλι, ανταλλαγές σε πραγματικό χρόνο, και ακόμη και σε μια κάρτα Tap για να ξοδεύετε τα κρυπτονομίσματά σας όπως τα παραδοσιακά νομίσματα.

👉 Μάθετε πώς να αγοράσετε Bitcoin με την Tap εδώ.

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When it comes to understanding Bitcoin, an important aspect to get familiar with is the mining of it. As we explore what is Bitcoin mining and how does it work, we aim to empower you with a greater understanding of how the network functions as well as how blockchain technology facilitates the operations on the backend. Adaptable to many industries outside of the cryptocurrency space, blockchain technology is at the forefront of the tech revolution. Understanding how Bitcoin mining works is the first step to understanding the technology too. 

What does Bitcoin mining entail?

Forget about shovels and dark tunnels, Bitcoin mining is the decentralized manner in which transactions are verified and new coins are minted. Mining also plays a vital role in the maintenance and operation of the network, ensuring both the security and integrity of the platform at all times. The actual process of Bitcoin mining involves miners using sophisticated computers to solve complex cryptography problems.

The Bitcoin network is made up of a number of nodes (computers) and miners around the world that communicate with each other and constantly share the updated record of the blockchain. The blockchain stores all transactions in a transparent and immutable manner, allowing anyone to view it from wherever they are, however, no one can make any changes.

How does Bitcoin mining work?

Let’s say someone in Japan wants to send money to someone in America through the Bitcoin network. The user in Japan would initiate a transaction from their chosen wallet, pay a network fee, and execute the transaction. This transaction would then enter a mempool, a pool of transactions that are waiting to be confirmed. Typically mempools work on a “first come first serve” basis, however, users can opt to pay a higher network fee should they want to push their transaction further forward in the que. 

Miners will then pick up a number of transactions in the mempool and attempt to solve the complex cryptographic puzzle that will lead them to mining the block. The first miner to solve the puzzle is rewarded with the task of verifying the transactions and adding them to a block, in turn receiving the network fees as well as the block reward. Each block on the Bitcoin network can hold 1MB of transactional data. 

While many miners will attempt to solve the math problem using their own resources, only one miner will be successful. This has sparked a conversation, largely fueled by Elon Musk’s recent tweet, over the electricity consumption it takes to mine Bitcoin. Tesla, the company that Musk heads, recently withdrew Bitcoin from their payment options due to the un-eco friendly manner in which the network operates, as it goes against their company ethos. 

Once the miner has verified the transactions, ensuring that the wallet addresses exist and that there are available coins in the senders’ account, all the transactions are added to a block. This block is then added to the blockchain after the most recently added block, each block indicating the hash code of that block and the block before. This ensures that no one can tamper with the order or edit the content of any blocks. 

The user in America will then receive a notification confirming that their wallet has received the BTC, however it will need to go through three confirmations (sometimes more) before being accessible. Each confirmation is represented by a new block added to the blockchain following the block with your transaction. 

What is a block reward?

The block reward is a monetary reward given in Bitcoin to the miners for adding a new block to the blockchain. It is also the process used to mint new coins and in the process enter them into circulation. Alongside the block rewards, the miner responsible for adding the new block to the blockchain will also receive the network fees of each transaction verified within that block. 

This makes Bitcoin mining a lucrative endeavour, however, the start up costs are significant and your success rate will depend on the equipment, power, and cost of electricity in your area.

What is the halving mechanism?

As Bitcoin will only ever have 21 million coins released, Satoshi Nakamoto created a mechanism that ensures the slow release of coins over time. This is called the halving mechanism, and it automatically executes every 210,000 blocks. During the halving the block reward is halved, ensuring that the cryptocurrency remains deflationary in nature.

This means that for every 210,000 blocks added to the blockchain, the block reward given to the miners will halve. To date there have been three halvings in Bitcoin’s history, with the last one taking effect in May 2020. The block reward is currently 6.25 BTC for every block added to the blockchain.

Want to enjoy the benefits of Bitcoin without mining?

There’s another way to get in on the Bitcoin action without the use of sophisticated hardware and high electricity consumption. Users can tap into the Bitcoin network by buying BTC directly from their phones through the Tap Global app. The process is simple, takes minutes, and allows you to own your very own BTC. Through the Tap app users can also trade, store and spend their cryptocurrency, with advanced technology facilitating the process on the backend to ensure smooth and secure trading.

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While you’ve likely come across the world of cryptocurrencies, you most probably have stumbled upon the term “blockchain”. But what is the blockchain solution? Blockchain is not only the revolutionary technology behind cryptocurrencies, it also has a large use case outside of the cryptocurrency and even the finance sector.

In the decade since blockchain technologies and digital ledger technology came to light, a host of blockchain networks have been created, most with their own digital currency. As the industry has grown and new blockchain networks have emerged, innovation in the space has increased significantly.

From the Ethereum blockchain providing a platform on which developers can create digital assets and smart contracts to corporate organizations implementing a private blockchain in order to streamline their services, the technology is propelling mankind forward in ways not witnessed in decades.

The blockchain solution provides much more than just digital assets, and industries far beyond just the payment processing ones are catching on. With traditional business networks incorporating the technology, the world of permissioned blockchain is igniting.

What is Blockchain?

Blockchain is a decentralized, transparent, immutable technology that keeps a public record of all information entered. Designed to record and distribute information, not to be edited. Also referred to as a public ledger, a blockchain keeps a record of all information ever inputted and stores it chronologically in blocks.

These blocks are linked to each other through a hashing system, which ensures that no one can ever tamper with the previous records, or try to manipulate the information on them. The “chain” of blocks make up the blockchain database.

The decentralized technology is not typically run by one entity, but rather from a variety of computers (also known as nodes) that make up the network, and work together to validate transactions and all information added to the blocks. Blockchain can be used in two forms, as a public blockchain or as private blockchain networks.

The public version allows anyone to view all information on the network, while the private reserves the information for members granted access.

The Advantages of Blockchain Technology

Powerful Technology

Invented in 2008 alongside Bitcoin by an anonymous entity Satoshi Nakamoto, blockchain is the technology that fueled the new way that money is transacted. Not only that, the technology offers incredible use cases far beyond the financial world. 

Fully Trusted, Fully Automated

One of the key features of blockchain is its ability to function without a central authority. The technology is designed to be maintained by various operating systems on the network, with full autonomy dispersed evenly. Information is stored on the blockchain in such a way that everyone can view it but no one can go back and tamper with it.

Powering Industries

While blockchain is the technology behind crypto, it also offers an incredible backbone to a diverse range of industries outside of this space. Companies like Nestle, Microsoft and Walmart are onboarding blockchain, proving to offer a strong and highly adaptable infrastructure to financial, property, and supply chain management entities. The number of blockchain companies is growing by the day.

The Core Benefits of a Blockchain Network

Decentralized

Blockchain networks are designed to be entirely decentralized meaning that there is no one central authority. The entire network is maintained by nodes (computers) around the world and no single entity has control. 

Immutable

Once the information has been added to a blockchain, no one can tamper, edit, or remove it. As information is verified and added to blocks, this solidifies its presence on the blockchain forever. 

Transparent

Blockchain offers a transparent view of all the activity that takes place on the network. This takes away the need for any checks or balances as all the information is available at any given time, in real-time.

What is the Difference Between a Public Blockchain and Private Blockchain?

When understanding what is blockchain, a common question is whether blockchain is secure. The answer is yes, blockchain is very secure.

Due to its decentralized nature, the technology requires a network of operators (computers) to verify and input all the information. As soon as one tries to input incorrect information or conduct illicit transactions, the network will recognize this and reject it immediately. 

The difference between a public and private blockchain is that public blockchain networks are open for anyone to see, while private blockchains are closed to an organization or a selected group of people.

Cryptocurrency networks are examples of public blockchain networks in that anyone can view all the transaction data. For a private blockchain, however, users will need special permission to access this information.

How is Blockchain Tamperproof?

Each block is made up of three things: the hash code of the previous block, the relevant information, and its own hash code.

When a new block is added, the new block will again have the hash of the previous block, the relevant information, and its own hash. This special sequence of hashes ensures that all blocks are stored chronologically, in a linear fashion, meaning that you cannot tamper with one block's information without tampering with every block after that.

Tampering with blocks would take an enormous amount of computing power and is largely considered impossible. Hence the security of using a digital asset or digital currency.

Blockchain Explained: How Does It Work

At its core, blockchain records and distributes information to a wide network of users that participate in verifying the information and maintaining the network. Let’s take a deeper look at Bitcoin transactions to further explain how blockchain works. 

If one user wanted to send a portion of Bitcoin to another user, they would require the user’s wallet address. Each wallet is made up of two codes, a public and private key, which enable the user to receive BTC (through the public key), as well as access BTC and conduct transactions (through the private key). The sender will then input the receiver’s wallet code and send the amount of Bitcoin they desire. 

This transaction will then enter a pool of transactions waiting to be verified by a miner on the network. The miner will ensure that the sender owns the amount they are sending, and verify the transaction along with a number of other transactions.

On the Bitcoin network, the size of one block is 1MB, which equates to roughly 3,200 transactions able to be stored in one block. When building a blockchain network, the size of the blocks can be increased or decreased to suit the use case. 

Once the transaction has been verified, the miner will record transactions processed and ensure they are added to the chain. The transaction ledger will then be distributed to the rest of the operators on the network. This new version will then override the older versions, and so on as more blocks are added.

Once the block is added to the blockchain and distributed, the funds will reflect in the receiver’s wallet. No need for a bank account or legal contracts, Bitcoin (and other digital currencies) operate entirely separately from traditional banking institutions and allow for the fast, efficient and cost-effective transaction of value.

Fraudulent transactions cannot take place as this will be flagged long before the block is added to the chain. Blockchain work in such a way that network participants can immediately flag ill actors and dismiss fraudulent financial transactions.

Understanding the Difference Between Blockchain and The Bitcoin Blockchain

The burning question: how does blockchain compare to Bitcoin. The answer is that it doesn’t, there are two separate, co-dependent technologies. Bitcoin, the cryptocurrency, is built on blockchain technology and requires it to function. There is no Bitcoin without blockchain technology.

Consider it the backbone of all cryptocurrencies. Blockchain technology, however, is an adaptable technology that can be used outside of the cryptocurrency industry. The technology can be used in any industry, provided that they require a transparent, immutable public ledger. 

One thing the two do have in common is that they were both introduced to the world at the same time. While the concept of blockchain technology was initially invented by researchers W. Scott Stornetta and Stuart Haber in 1991, it was referred to as distributed ledger technology (DLT) and was created purely to store office documents.

The anonymous entity Satoshi Nakamoto built on this and ultimately solved the double spending problem it was plagued with. In 2008, Nakamoto released both blockchain technology and Bitcoin in a whitepaper titled Bitcoin: A Peer-to-Peer Electronic Cash System.

The Bitcoin blockchain refers to the network, while blockchain technology refers to the technology as a whole.

In Conclusion

What is blockchain? Blockchain technology is the transparent, immutable storage of information. As mentioned earlier, this technology has use cases far outside of just the cryptocurrency and financial ecosystems.

Industries like renewable energy, supply chain management, and even farming sectors are now incorporating blockchain technology into their business systems, empowering them with a fully automated and safe means of storing records. 

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Πιθανότατα έχετε ακούσει για αυτό το "βαρύ όνομα" στον χώρο των κρυπτονομισμάτων, αλλά ξέρετε πραγματικά τι είναι; Σε αυτό το άρθρο, εξερευνούμε τι είναι το Ethereum και ποιον ρόλο παίζει στην εξέλιξη της blockchain τεχνολογίας. Spoiler: έχει τεράστιο αντίκτυπο. Ως το δεύτερο μεγαλύτερο κρυπτονόμισμα παγκοσμίως και με μερίδιο αγοράς πάνω από 20%, τώρα είναι η κατάλληλη στιγμή για να γνωρίσετε καλύτερα το Ethereum.

Τι είναι το Ethereum;

Το Ethereum είναι μια πλατφόρμα blockchain που δίνει τη δυνατότητα σε προγραμματιστές να δημιουργούν τις δικές τους αποκεντρωμένες εφαρμογές (dapps) και smart contracts. Στόχος της είναι να ενισχύσει την ανάπτυξη του κλάδου της blockchain, προσφέροντας ένα περιβάλλον όπου επιχειρήσεις και άτομα από κάθε τομέα μπορούν να αξιοποιήσουν τη δύναμη της αποκέντρωσης.

Τα smart contracts είναι ψηφιακές συμφωνίες που εκτελούνται αυτόματα όταν πληρούνται συγκεκριμένες προϋποθέσεις. Το Ethereum, όπως και το Bitcoin, λειτουργεί μέσω ενός αποκεντρωμένου δικτύου υπολογιστών που διατηρούν και υποστηρίζουν το δίκτυο. Μέσα από αυτό το δίκτυο πραγματοποιούνται ψηφιακές συναλλαγές αξίας, ενώ δίνεται επίσης η δυνατότητα δημιουργίας νέων κρυπτονομισμάτων.

Τι είναι το ETH;

Το ETH, γνωστό και ως Ether, είναι το ψηφιακό νόμισμα που "τροφοδοτεί" το δίκτυο του Ethereum. Όταν γίνεται αναφορά στην τιμή του Ethereum, στην πραγματικότητα μιλάμε για την τιμή του ETH.

Πώς λειτουργεί το Ethereum;

Αυτή την περίοδο, το Ethereum πραγματοποιεί τη μετάβασή του από το μοντέλο Proof-of-Work (PoW) σε Proof-of-Stake (PoS), κάτι που αλλάζει ουσιαστικά τον τρόπο λειτουργίας του δικτύου.

Και στις δύο περιπτώσεις, το δίκτυο παραμένει αποκεντρωμένο και το ETH είναι το βασικό του νόμισμα. Στο μοντέλο PoS, αντί για miners, το δίκτυο βασίζεται σε validators για την επιβεβαίωση και εκτέλεση των συναλλαγών. Για να συμμετάσχει κάποιος ως validator, χρειάζεται να "κλειδώσει" μια ποσότητα ETH στο δίκτυο, εξασφαλίζοντας έτσι την ορθή λειτουργία και την αξιοπιστία της διαδικασίας.

Χάρη στην τεχνολογία blockchain, όλες οι συναλλαγές καταγράφονται σε ένα δημόσιο, διαφανές μητρώο, όπου κάθε block αποθηκεύει τα δεδομένα με χρονολογική σειρά.

Τι προσδίδει αξία στο Ethereum;

Το Ethereum είναι σήμερα η μεγαλύτερη και πιο διαδεδομένη πλατφόρμα για τη δημιουργία dapps και smart contracts. Με ισχυρή ηγετική ομάδα και μια δυναμική κοινότητα προγραμματιστών, έχει χτίσει μια φήμη αξιοπιστίας και καινοτομίας στον χώρο της blockchain τεχνολογίας.

Όσον αφορά το ETH, η αξία του καθορίζεται κυρίως από την προσφορά και τη ζήτηση. Επιπλέον, ένα μικρό ποσοστό ETH χρησιμοποιείται για την κάλυψη των λεγόμενων "gas fees", που επιτρέπουν την εκτέλεση συναλλαγών στο δίκτυο.

Πώς διαφέρει το Ethereum από το Bitcoin;

Για να συγκρίνουμε το Bitcoin και το Ethereum, είναι βασικό να κατανοήσουμε ότι εξυπηρετούν διαφορετικούς σκοπούς.

Και τα δύο μπορούν να χρησιμοποιηθούν για συναλλαγές, επιτρέποντας την αποστολή BTC και ETH σχεδόν σε πραγματικό χρόνο. Ωστόσο, οι βασικές τους χρήσεις διαφέρουν. Το Bitcoin δημιουργήθηκε ως ένα ψηφιακό σύστημα πληρωμών χωρίς κεντρικό έλεγχο, προσφέροντας peer-to-peer συναλλαγές και λειτουργώντας παράλληλα ως μέσο αποθήκευσης αξίας.

Αντίθετα, το Ethereum δημιουργήθηκε ως μια υπολογιστική πλατφόρμα, επιτρέποντας τη δημιουργία νέων αποκεντρωμένων εφαρμογών βασισμένων στην τεχνολογία blockchain. Η φιλοσοφία του είναι να συμβάλει ενεργά στην ανάπτυξη της βιομηχανίας blockchain, δίνοντας πρόσβαση σε όσους επιθυμούν να συμμετέχουν.

Για τι χρησιμοποιείται το Ethereum;

Η πιο γνωστή χρήση του Ethereum είναι η δημιουργία dapps και smart contracts. Παράλληλα, μέσω του Ethereum μπορούν να πραγματοποιούνται μεταφορές αξίας, με το ETH να λειτουργεί ως ψηφιακό νόμισμα. Επιπλέον, πολλοί βλέπουν στο ETH μια μορφή αποθήκευσης αξίας, ενώ το χρησιμοποιούν και για συναλλαγές εντός της πλατφόρμας.

Ποιοι ίδρυσαν το Ethereum;

Η ιδέα του Ethereum διατυπώθηκε αρχικά το 2013 από τον νεαρό λάτρη των κρυπτονομισμάτων Vitalik Buterin, μέσω μιας δημοσίευσης στο blog του. Στη συνέχεια, συνεργάστηκε με προγραμματιστές και επιχειρηματίες για την ανάπτυξη της πλατφόρμας.

Σύμφωνα με τις καταγραφές, οι αρχικοί συνιδρυτές του Ethereum ήταν οι Vitalik Buterin, Anthony Di Iorio, Charles Hoskinson, Mihai Alisie και Amir Chetrit, ενώ λίγο αργότερα προστέθηκαν οι Joseph Lubin, Gavin Wood και Jeffrey Wilcke.

Το 2014 πραγματοποιήθηκε με επιτυχία ένα crowd sale, όπου πωλήθηκαν 72 εκατομμύρια ETH και συγκεντρώθηκαν περίπου 18 εκατομμύρια δολάρια. Η επίσημη έναρξη του Ethereum έγινε στις 30 Ιουλίου 2015.

Πώς μπορεί κάποιος να αγοράσει Ethereum;

Όσοι ενδιαφέρονται να αποκτήσουν ETH, μπορούν να το κάνουν μέσω κάποιας αξιόπιστης πλατφόρμας ανταλλαγής κρυπτονομισμάτων. Η εφαρμογή Tap προσφέρει στους χρήστες διάφορες εύκολες μεθόδους πληρωμής, καθώς και ένα ειδικό πορτοφόλι Ethereum για την ασφαλή αποθήκευση του ETH.

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Από τη δημιουργία του Bitcoin το 2009, ο όρος fiat νόμισμα έχει γίνει όλο και πιο διαδεδομένος. Αλλά τι ακριβώς σημαίνει; Στο άρθρο αυτό, θα δούμε την προέλευση του όρου, πώς λειτουργεί, ποια παραδείγματα fiat υπάρχουν και πώς τα κρυπτονομίσματα έχουν αμφισβητήσει τον ρόλο του.

Ο όρος "fiat" προέρχεται από τα λατινικά και σημαίνει περίπου "κατ’ εντολή", δηλαδή μια επίσημη απόφαση με ισχύ νόμου. Έτσι, fiat χρήμα είναι εκείνο που αναγνωρίζεται ως νόμιμο μέσο πληρωμής από το κράτος.

Εκδίδεται και διαχειρίζεται από την κυβέρνηση ή την κεντρική τράπεζα και χρησιμοποιείται στις καθημερινές συναλλαγές για αγαθά και υπηρεσίες.

Από το 2020, όλα τα νομίσματα που διαπραγματεύονται διεθνώς θεωρούνται fiat. Η αξία τους δεν βασίζεται πλέον σε φυσικά αγαθά, όπως ο χρυσός ή το ασήμι, αλλά στην εμπιστοσύνη και την αξιοπιστία του κράτους που τα εκδίδει.

Fiat νόμισμα ή fiat χρήμα;

Οι όροι fiat currency και fiat money αναφέρονται ουσιαστικά στο ίδιο πράγμα: στα κρατικά εκδιδόμενα νομίσματα που χρησιμοποιούνται σε κάθε χώρα.

Υπάρχουν περίπου 180 διαφορετικά fiat νομίσματα σε κυκλοφορία παγκοσμίως, όπως:

• Δολάριο ΗΠΑ
• Ευρώ
• Στερλίνα
• Γιεν Ιαπωνίας
• Δολάριο Καναδά

Η ισοτιμία μεταξύ δύο fiat νομισμάτων ονομάζεται συναλλαγματική ισοτιμία.

Fiat χρήμα vs νομίσματα βασισμένα σε εμπορεύματα

Το fiat χρήμα είναι το ακριβώς αντίθετο από ένα νόμισμα που έχει εγγενή αξία, όπως ένα νόμισμα από χρυσό ή ασήμι.

Ενώ ένα commodity money (νόμισμα εμπορεύματος) έχει αξία λόγω του υλικού από το οποίο είναι φτιαγμένο, το fiat δεν έχει εγγενή αξία — αποκτά αξία μόνο γιατί η κυβέρνηση το ορίζει ως μέσο ανταλλαγής.

Πώς δημιουργήθηκαν τα fiat νομίσματα;

Όλα τα νομίσματα ξεκίνησαν ουσιαστικά ως υποσχέσεις πληρωμής (IOUs). Αρχικά υπήρχε το σύστημα ανταλλαγής (barter).

Παράδειγμα ανταλλαγής:

Αν ένας αγρότης αντάλλασσε 2 κιλά αλεύρι σήμερα για 10 κολοκύθες το φθινόπωρο, θα λάμβανε ένα "χαρτί" που επιβεβαίωνε αυτή τη συμφωνία. Το χαρτί αυτό αποκτούσε αξία και μπορούσε να ανταλλαχθεί και για άλλα αγαθά.

Για να γίνει πιο πρακτικό, οι άνθρωποι άρχισαν να χρησιμοποιούν φυσικά εμπορεύματα, όπως ο χρυσός, ως ενιαίο μέσο ανταλλαγής.

Από τον χρυσό στα νομίσματα

Η ζύγιση του χρυσού δεν ήταν πρακτική, οπότε τα κράτη άρχισαν να κόβουν χρυσά νομίσματα με σταθερό βάρος και εγγυημένη ποσότητα χρυσού. Έβαζαν χαρακώσεις γύρω από την άκρη του νομίσματος για να διασφαλίσουν ότι δεν έχει «ξυστεί» χρυσός από αυτό.

Η εμφάνιση των τραπεζών

Ο χρυσός ήταν δύσκολο να κουβαληθεί και επικίνδυνος να διατηρηθεί, έτσι εμφανίστηκαν οι τράπεζες. Εκεί, οι άνθρωποι αποθήκευαν τον χρυσό τους και έπαιρναν αποδείξεις ιδιοκτησίας — τα πρώτα "χαρτονομίσματα".

Από το χρυσό στο χαρτονόμισμα

Με τον καιρό, οι πολίτες έπαψαν να ανταλλάσσουν τα χαρτονομίσματα με χρυσό, και απλώς τα χρησιμοποιούσαν για συναλλαγές. Κάπως έτσι γεννήθηκε το σύστημα του fiat.

Η τιμή του νομίσματος δεν βασιζόταν πια στον χρυσό, αλλά στην απόφαση του κράτους για την αξία του — «κατ’ εντολή» δηλαδή.

Το τέλος του κανόνα του χρυσού

Μέχρι το 1971, το δολάριο ΗΠΑ ήταν συνδεδεμένο με συγκεκριμένη ποσότητα χρυσού. Τότε ο Πρόεδρος Ρίτσαρντ Νίξον κατάργησε οριστικά το σύστημα αυτό (γνωστό ως “Nixon shock”).

Από τότε, τα νομίσματα απέκτησαν ελεύθερη κυμαινόμενη αξία βασισμένη στην εμπιστοσύνη της αγοράς και την νομισματική πολιτική κάθε χώρας.

Είναι ακόμα χρήσιμο το fiat χρήμα;

Με την εμφάνιση των κρυπτονομισμάτων, ο τρόπος που αντιλαμβανόμαστε το χρήμα έχει αλλάξει σημαντικά.

Παρόλο που χώρες όπως το Ελ Σαλβαδόρ έχουν αναγνωρίσει το Bitcoin ως νόμιμο μέσο πληρωμής, τα fiat νομίσματα παραμένουν ο βασικός πυλώνας της παγκόσμιας οικονομίας και δύσκολα θα αντικατασταθούν στο άμεσο μέλλον.

CBDCs: Ψηφιακή εξέλιξη του fiat

Μια πρόσφατη καινοτομία είναι τα CBDCs (Central Bank Digital Currencies), τα οποία συνδυάζουν τον κόσμο των fiat με την τεχνολογία blockchain.

Πρόκειται για ψηφιακά νομίσματα που εκδίδονται από κεντρικές τράπεζες, λειτουργούν με τεχνολογία blockchain, είναι σταθερά σε αξία (όπως το ευρώ ή το δολάριο), και δεν παρουσιάζουν μεταβλητότητα όπως τα περισσότερα κρυπτονομίσματα.

Συμπέρασμα

Το fiat χρήμα παραμένει η ραχοκοκαλιά του παγκόσμιου χρηματοοικονομικού συστήματος. Παρά την άνοδο των ψηφιακών νομισμάτων, το fiat εξακολουθεί να παίζει καθοριστικό ρόλο στο παγκόσμιο εμπόριο, τη χρηματοδότηση και την καθημερινή οικονομική δραστηριότητα.

Η έννοια του χρήματος έχει αλλάξει ριζικά μέσα σε έναν αιώνα — και δεν αποκλείεται να δούμε ακόμα πιο δραστικές εξελίξεις στο μέλλον.

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The term market cap is short for "market capitalisation," which refers to the financial value of a company based on the total number of its outstanding shares multiplied by their price per share. For bitcoin or other cryptocurrencies, it refers to all coins mined.

All the coins (or all of them that have been mined) in a cryptocurrency add up to its market cap. The crypto market cap refers to this sum and is used as an indicator of how valuable a cryptocurrency or a portfolio of cryptocurrencies is.

The market capitalisation of a cryptocurrency (or any other company) can be calculated by multiplying the number of coins by the current price per coin.

For example: The market capitalisation of a let's call it "Xcoin" is $6.2 billion, the number supply of "Xcoins" in existence is 16,842,100 with a price per coin of $273 which indicates to us that the market cap of the "Xcoin" is equal to $1.37 billion.

These logistics are dynamic and can change depending on the price of a token at any given moment. The infinite total of tokens is a part of the strategies implemented by cryptocurrency projects to ensure no deflation of assets can occur, giving a riser to project potential and profits.

The current market capitalisation of cryptocurrencies

The market capitalisation of the crypto-market is currently above $2 Trillion as per the 17th of August 2021, with more to gain.

Most top coins have a market cap that exceeds $1 billion which means they are in the large-cap group, this includes Bitcoin with its market cap of over $885 billion and Ethereum also well above $383 billion.

This is a good sign for the market as these two coins are among the most large-cap markets and well-known cryptocurrencies. The majority of tokens in the cryptocurrencies market are in fact small caps, with over 90 percent of them currently below $1 billion.

You can view and compare trading and market capitalisation statics on Coinbase for a more in-depth look at each crypto, whether for investment purposes or out of curiosity.

Market cap, a reliable indicator?

A high market capitalization doesn't mean a cryptocurrency is doing well. A cryptocurrency that has a large market cap might be overvalued in terms of price, what it can deliver now and in the short-term future, as well as current demand.

Some coins can have a relatively high price but low volumes because they have been issued in small numbers by only one person, one of the many market capitalisation strategies. The price is largely driven by expectations and hype, rather than the number of coins out there, giving an unwarranted riser to some tokens.

These small market cap tokens have relatively high prices but a low market capitalisation due to a low total volume of their coin supply. These tokens can be particularly risky as most of them do not come with business model plans and many of them are just new (ICOs).

Price is an important factor in any financial sector, but market capitalization (market cap) is an important data point for investors seeking to analyse and compare the value of a cryptocurrency and is often used by traders to help determine the growth potential of a cryptocurrency and if they should buy or sell the specific crypto when compared to others.

The different crypto market cap categories:

Cryptocurrencies and other digital currencies are classified by their market cap into three categories, Large-cap medium-cap and small-cap. Let's get comparing:

Large-cap (capped at $10b )

Generally speaking, coins with the highest market caps are considered to be in the large-cap group. This includes Bitcoin and Ethereum. These are considered "Lower risk" by an investor as they demonstrated a track record of growth and high liquidity which means their volume of trading can withstand a high number of sell transactions without majorly affecting the price, giving a sense of securities.

Medium-caps (capped at $1b to $10b)

The secondary level of cryptocurrencies, mostly altcoins, are considered to be a part of the medium-cap group. They are generally more volatile, but enjoy a greater growth potential than their more traditional large-cap counterparts.

Small-caps (capped at under $1b)

This last category consists of small-cap cryptocurrencies or tokens which generally don't have a market cap exceeding $1 billion. These are most susceptible to dramatic fluctuation of price based on market sentiment. An investor may vouch for them as these fluctuations are easy to make money on, but also have high potential to lose on.

Market Cap is only one way to measure cryptocurrency value, but it is an important data point for investors to consider before purchasing a cryptocurrency. Market trends, a cryptocurrency's stability, and liquidity are also important when looking at the value of a cryptocurrency.

Coin market capitalisation conclusion

Whether you are here for investment strategy analysis, or because you want to know what people mean when they say market cap, we hope this article helped with your evaluation on the differences of each market capitalisation. It's always recommended to have some diversification in your portfolio, don't keep all your eggs in one basket as they say. As already stated, the market cap of a blockchain technology token does not give definitive proof of whether a project will be successful or not, it comes down to plenty of variables. Brand market, social media presence, online community, and more. The market cap trend greatly depends on how old the project is, currency market supply, marketing, and more.

It is always important to do your own research before investment, evaluating it the project meets your needs, the team behind it, its potential in the market, and so much more. While market cap may be of some importance, it is not the only thing the makes a project successful.

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While the crypto industry continues to grow at a breathtaking pace, one problem continues to run wild. That problem is the fact that blockchains are not interoperable, meaning that they can only exist in their individual nature. Polkadot set out to change this, creating a network that aims to connect multiple blockchains in one simple solution. As a direct competitor to Ethereum, the blockchain network has a different structural approach.

What Is Polkadot (DOT)?

Polkadot is a blockchain network created by one of the Ethereum founders. Through the use of intricate architecture, the platform aims to connect multiple networks through their relay chain and parachain system (more on this below). 

Similar to Ethereum, developers can create their own decentralized apps (dapps) and smart contracts on the network. Referred to as a sharding multichain network, Polkadot aims to provide a platform on which developers can build multiple blockchain networks off a common standard. Traders can then trade a range of products built on the network, similar to how ERC-20 tokens are traded.

Who Created Polkadot?

Founded in 2016, Polkadot was created by one of the Ethereum co-founders, Gavin Wood, alongside Peter Czaban and Robert Habermeier. Woods notably created the Ethereum language Solidity, which allows developers to create dapps on the Ethereum network. 

Wood is also the founder of Parity Technologies and the president of Web3 Foundation. Web3 Foundation is a Swiss foundation that was designed to facilitate a user-friendly, open-source decentralized web. The company's approach to crypto is one of its kind and sets it above any other competitor.

How Does Polkadot Work?

As mentioned above, Polkadot utilizes a relay chain and parachain system. Each parachain is a blockchain in itself, however, they all rely on the relay chain to facilitate transactions. These blockchains work in a "parallel" manner (hence the name) and can each hold their own tokens and individual use cases. The relay chain provides blockchain support to the parachains on the network.

Finalizing the transactions and being responsible for maintaining network security, the relay chain is able to facilitate 1,000 transactions per second (TPS). Utilizing a hybrid consensus mechanism, the enterprise network has created proof-of-stake (PoS) and a nominated-proof-of-stake (NPoS) model. 

Through this variation, anyone can stake DOT in a particular smart contract and perform network roles such as being a :

• Validators (validate data in parachain blocks, vote on network changes)
• Nominators (select validators by delegating their staked DOT to them)
• Collators (nodes with full histories of each parachain, that transfer this information into blocks for the relay chain)
• Fishermen (responsible for monitoring the network and reporting bad behaviour to the validators)

These four roles allow Polkadot to have a highly sophisticated user-driven governance system as each role contributes to maintaining and securing the network while eradicating bad behaviour. 

The network is working on a third blockchain functionality known as a bridge. Bridges will allow blockchains on the Polkadot network to interact with "outside" blockchains, essentially allowing tokens to be swapped directly without needing to go through an exchange. 

Through this intensive structuring, Polkadot aims to solve two problems that the blockchain network is currently plagued with scalability and governance. 

What Is DOT?

DOT is the native cryptocurrency to the Polkadot network and is used as a governance and utility token, allowing users to vote on proposed upgrades and used for gas fees. It plays an integral role in maintaining and operating the network. As a digital currency, it can also be used to execute cross-border transactions.

The platform was launched in 2020 and has already established itself in the top 10 biggest cryptocurrencies. 

Does Polkadot Have A Max Supply Cap?

To answer the question "what is the total supply of Polkadot" the answer is that there isn't one. The network opted to leave the total number of DOT infinite. At the time of writing the circulating supply was just short of 1 billion coins.

What Is The Difference Between Polkadot And Ethereum?

A common question in the crypto community, not just because they share similar use cases but also because the two networks share a founder. Both networks provide a platform on which developers can create their own blockchains, and following the launch of Ethereum 2.0., will both be using a PoS consensus. 

Structurally the Polkadot platform differs in that it makes use of parachains and a relay chain. This is a unique feat in the blockchain industry. Through this structure, the network aims to improve on several of Ethereum's functionalities and deliver a trifactor of governance, scalability and interoperability to the blockchain industry, without compromising security. 

How Can I Buy Polkadot?

If you're looking to incorporate Polkadot (DOT) in your cryptocurrency portfolio, look no further than Tap Global. A recent addition to the exchange's portfolio, users can buy, sell, trade and store DOT directly through the professional app. Whether looking to trade DOT for its technology and smart contract capabilities, or to tap into a new market, Tap allows traders to diversify their cryptocurrency portfolio in one secure location.

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Το Ripple είναι μια από τις πιο συζητημένες και αναγνωρίσιμες επιλογές για όσους θέλουν να διαφοροποιήσουν το χαρτοφυλάκιό τους σε crypto. Ανάμεσα σε επαίνους αλλά και αντιπαραθέσεις, το Ripple χαράζει τον δικό του δρόμο στον κόσμο των κρυπτονομισμάτων.

Ας δούμε τι είναι το Ripple (XRP) και γιατί τραβά τόσο συχνά τα φώτα της δημοσιότητας.

Τι είναι το Ripple (XRP);

Για να κατανοήσουμε τι είναι το Ripple, πρέπει πρώτα να γνωρίσουμε τα τρία βασικά του στοιχεία:

• Ripple Labs είναι η εταιρεία που διαχειρίζεται τα διάφορα προϊόντα της πλατφόρμας.
• RippleNet είναι το δίκτυο που διευκολύνει τις παγκόσμιες πληρωμές μεταξύ χρηματοπιστωτικών ιδρυμάτων, βασισμένο στο XRP Ledger.
• XRP είναι το κρυπτονόμισμα που υποστηρίζει το δίκτυο, προσφέροντας ταχύτερες και οικονομικότερες συναλλαγές.

Με απλά λόγια, το Ripple είναι μια ψηφιακή πλατφόρμα πληρωμών που έχει σχεδιαστεί για την ταχύτερη και φθηνότερη διεκπεραίωση διεθνών συναλλαγών, συστημάτων μεταφοράς χρημάτων και ανταλλαγής περιουσιακών στοιχείων. Η εταιρεία έχει αναπτύξει διάφορα προϊόντα για χρηματοπιστωτικά ιδρύματα, χτίζοντας έτσι μια γέφυρα μεταξύ της παραδοσιακής χρηματοοικονομικής αγοράς και της τεχνολογίας blockchain.

Αντί για κλασική blockchain τεχνολογία, το Ripple χρησιμοποιεί τη δική του, ιδιόκτητη κατανεμημένη τεχνολογία λογιστικής. Έχει σχεδιαστεί για να προσφέρει μια εναλλακτική λύση στο παραδοσιακό σύστημα πληρωμών, όπως το SWIFT, απευθυνόμενο σε διεθνείς και διασυνοριακές συναλλαγές.

Τι είναι το XRP;

Το XRP κυκλοφόρησε το 2013 με συνολική ποσότητα 100 δισεκατομμυρίων token, από τα οποία περίπου 52 δισεκατομμύρια βρίσκονται αυτή τη στιγμή σε κυκλοφορία. Τα coins παραμένουν υπό τη διαχείριση της εταιρείας και απελευθερώνονται σταδιακά στην αγορά μέσω διαφορετικών μηχανισμών από το mining.

Αν και το XRP είναι το εγγενές νόμισμα του XRP Ledger, η τεχνολογία του ledger μπορεί να διαχειρίζεται συναλλαγές σε πολλά νομίσματα. Το XRP χρησιμοποιείται κυρίως για γρήγορη μετατροπή μεταξύ διαφορετικών νομισμάτων.

Η ιστορία του XRP

Το Ripple ξεκίνησε ως ιδέα το 2004 από τον Ryan Fugger στο Βανκούβερ, ως μια διαδικτυακή πλατφόρμα πληρωμών. Με την εμφάνιση των κρυπτονομισμάτων, δύο προγραμματιστές πρότειναν στον Fugger να συνδυάσουν τις ιδέες τους και να δημιουργήσουν το δικό τους ψηφιακό νόμισμα.

Έτσι, το 2012 ιδρύθηκε η OpenCoin από τους Chris Larsen και Jed McCaleb, με τον Fugger να συμμετέχει στην ομάδα. Τον Σεπτέμβριο του 2013, η OpenCoin μετονομάστηκε σε Ripple Labs και αργότερα, το 2015, απλά σε Ripple.

Το 2016, η εταιρεία έλαβε μία από τις τέσσερις άδειες BitLicense που απαιτούνται από την Πολιτεία της Νέας Υόρκης για την παροχή υπηρεσιών με ψηφιακά νομίσματα.

Πώς λειτουργεί το Ripple;

Το Ripple χρησιμοποιεί έναν διαφορετικό και πιο σύνθετο μηχανισμό για τη διατήρηση του δικτύου του, σε σύγκριση με άλλα crypto όπως το Bitcoin ή το Ethereum. Το ledger του RippleNet διατηρείται από την κοινότητα του XRP και μπορεί να διεκπεραιώνει συναλλαγές κάθε 3-5 δευτερόλεπτα.

Το δίκτυο αποτελείται από ανεξάρτητα validator nodes, που επικυρώνουν τις συναλλαγές μέσω ενός μηχανισμού συναίνεσης. Αυτά τα nodes περιλαμβάνουν χρηματοπιστωτικά ιδρύματα, πανεπιστήμια και εταιρείες εκτός του blockchain χώρου.

Το σύστημα πληρωμών του Ripple έχει ήδη ενσωματωθεί σε τραπεζικά συστήματα για τον εκσυγχρονισμό των παραδοσιακών διαδικασιών. Για παράδειγμα, η τεχνολογία xCurrent του Ripple χρησιμοποιήθηκε στην εφαρμογή One Pay FX της ισπανικής τράπεζας Santander, διευκολύνοντας διεθνείς πληρωμές. Αντίστοιχα, η εφαρμογή MoneyTap στην Ιαπωνία συνδέει 61 τράπεζες για εγχώριες πληρωμές μέσω κινητού τηλεφώνου.

Τα προϊόντα του Ripple συνεχίζουν να υιοθετούνται παγκοσμίως.

Ripple και SEC

Το 2020 ξέσπασε μία από τις μεγαλύτερες νομικές μάχες στον χώρο των crypto, όταν η Επιτροπή Κεφαλαιαγοράς των ΗΠΑ (SEC) μήνυσε το Ripple και δύο στελέχη του, υποστηρίζοντας ότι παραβίασαν τους νόμους περί προστασίας των επενδυτών.

Η SEC απαγόρευσε άμεσα τη διαπραγμάτευση του XRP σε όλες τις αμερικανικές πλατφόρμες, δίνοντας το έναυσμα για μια πολύκροτη δικαστική υπόθεση.

Το βασικό ερώτημα της υπόθεσης ήταν αν το XRP πρέπει να θεωρείται αξιόγραφο, με την SEC να ισχυρίζεται ότι η εταιρεία συγκέντρωσε παράνομα 1,3 δισεκατομμύρια δολάρια μέσω μη εγγεγραμμένης προσφοράς αξιόγραφων.

Η υπόθεση είναι ιδιαίτερα σημαντική, καθώς το αποτέλεσμά της θα μπορούσε να επηρεάσει τη ρύθμιση και άλλων κρυπτονομισμάτων. Αν το XRP κριθεί αξιόγραφο, θα μπορούσαν να ακολουθήσουν νέοι κανονισμοί και για άλλα ψηφιακά περιουσιακά στοιχεία.

Σε πρόσφατη απόφαση, η δικαστής Analisa Torres δήλωσε ότι το XRP "δεν αποτελεί απαραίτητα αξιόγραφο εκ φύσεως", διαψεύδοντας εν μέρει τους ισχυρισμούς της SEC, και έκρινε ότι η εταιρεία δεν παραβίασε τους ομοσπονδιακούς νόμους περί αξιόγραφων όταν διέθετε το XRP σε δημόσιες πλατφόρμες.

Ωστόσο, η SEC σημείωσε μια μερική επιτυχία, αφού η δικαστής αποφάνθηκε ότι ορισμένες πωλήσεις token σε θεσμικούς επενδυτές πληρούν τα κριτήρια για συναλλαγές αξιόγραφων.

Ο CEO της Ripple, Brad Garlinghouse, χαρακτήρισε την απόφαση "τεράστια νίκη όχι μόνο για τη Ripple, αλλά και για ολόκληρη τη βιομηχανία στις ΗΠΑ."

Ripple vs Bitcoin

Όταν συγκρίνουμε το XRP με το Bitcoin, είναι σημαντικό να κατανοήσουμε τις διαφορετικές τους χρήσεις.

Το Bitcoin σχεδιάστηκε για να παρέχει ένα ψηφιακό σύστημα peer-to-peer πληρωμών και αποθήκευσης αξίας, ενώ το XRP δημιουργήθηκε για τη διευκόλυνση των διεθνών συναλλαγών, προσφέροντας μια ταχύτερη και οικονομικότερη εναλλακτική στις παραδοσιακές συναλλαγές fiat.

Επιπλέον, το Bitcoin βασίζεται στο mining μέσω του μηχανισμού Proof-of-Work, ενώ το Ripple χρησιμοποιεί ένα δίκτυο validators εκτός του crypto οικοσυστήματος. Το σύστημα συναίνεσής του επιτρέπει ταχύτερη επιβεβαίωση συναλλαγών και είναι ενεργειακά αποδοτικότερο.

Πώς να αγοράσετε XRP

Αν σας ενδιαφέρει να προσθέσετε το XRP στο crypto χαρτοφυλάκιό σας, μπορείτε εύκολα και με ασφάλεια μέσω της εφαρμογής Tap. Μέσα από την εφαρμογή, το XRP είναι διαθέσιμο για αγορά, πώληση, ανταλλαγή και αποθήκευση, όλα σε ένα ασφαλές και εύχρηστο περιβάλλον.

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An unpredictable trend emerged in 2021 where dog-themed cryptocurrencies made a barking appearance, with Shiba Inu gaining much of the spotlight (and the value). Originally labelled a meme token, the network had much more in store for its increasingly growing following on the internet. As we explore what Shiba Inu is and how it originated, you can learn the ropes about one of the digital money coins with the biggest gains in market cap 2021.

When it came to crypto investing in 2021 the community was largely behind meme tokens. Heavily influenced by the likes of Elon Musk, Dogecoin and other spin-off cryptocurrencies saw an impressive increase in market value. As the main rival to Dogecoin, Shiba Inu is worth knowing about.

What is the Shiba inu coin?

Stemming from the logo of Dogecoin based off of a Shiba Inu dog from a meme, Shiba Inu was designed with the same dog in mind. The decentralized network was originally created in 2020 as an alternative to Dogecoin, but based on the Ethereum network.

The coin behind the network, SHIB, is based on an ERC-20 token standard and is only a small offering of the Shiba Inu network. There is also an exchange called ShibaSwap, where users can trade SHIB and other cryptocurrencies. Utilizing many dog references, the project's "woofpaper" (whitepaper) explains that users can also "bury" the tokens in smart contracts to earn interest, "dig" in the Puppy Pools to provide liquidity and utilize the networks other two tokens, Doge Killer (LEASH) and Bone ShibaSwap (BONE).

There is also an NFT game called Shiboshi Game and an NFT art incubator called Shiba Artist Incubator.

Why has Shiba inu been so popular?

After launching in 2020 the coin was dubbed the "Dogecoin killer" and gained mass interest on social media platforms (as well as the mainstream news). In early 2021, Coinbase added the coin to its list of supported cryptocurrencies prompting investors to send the price soaring over 40% in just two days. 2021 saw unbelievable gains for SHIB, including its ranking in the top 10 biggest cryptocurrencies by market cap.

Following a string of media announcements concerning Dogecoin (largely by Tesla founder Elon Musk), the platform leveraged on its mentions and in November 2021 recorded gains of over 60,000,000% since January of that same year. While Musk has mentioned SHIB on Twitter he has admitted to not actually owning any.

Who created Shiba inu?

Shiba Inu was created by an anonymous entity going by the name of Ryoshi, much like Satoshi Nakamoto behind the creation of Bitcoin. The network has an interesting story behind its total supply, with 1 quadrillion tokens minted at launch. It currently has a circulating supply of 549 trillion SHIB coins.

Ryoshi decided to lock 50% of the total supply in Uniswap for liquidity purposes and sent the remaining 500 trillion SHIB to Ethereum founder Vitalik Buterin. Buterin went on to burn 90% of his share and donated the remaining 10% to a Covid relief fund in India. This burning event saw an increase in market price, and of course, gained much media and website attention within the crypto community.

How does Shiba inu work?

The ShibSwap platform itself operates as a decentralized exchange, with earning capabilities via interest-bearing smart contracts. SHIB can be traded much like any other cryptocurrency and can be stored in any wallet that supports ERC-20 tokens.

The LEASH token was originally designed as a stablecoin linked to the Dogecoin price but was later changed to an ERC-20 token that allows users to stake their tokens in the liquidity pool and earn xLEASH as rewards.

The BONE token on the other hand is a governance token that is designed to provide users with voting rights on upcoming proposals on Doggy DAO.

The platform also launched 10,000 "Shiboshi" NFTs on the Ethereum blockchain in October 2021, made available for trade.

While it is often referred to as a rival to Dogecoin, the network presents many more use cases than simply a digital money system.

What is SHIB?

SHIB is the native cryptocurrency to the Shiba Inu platform. Currently (at the time of writing) holding a position in the top 20 biggest cryptocurrencies based on market cap, Shiba Inu has seen impressive results in the two years it has been on the market.

Where can I get Shiba inu?

To get your hands on SHIB you can simply buy the cryptocurrency through your Tap app. Using a range of cryptocurrencies and fiat currencies on offer, users can simply execute the trade and store of the SHIB in the unique wallet linked directly to your account.

‍‍Slippage plays an important role in trading cryptocurrencies for retail investors as it determines the difference between the amount that you expected to pay in a transaction and the amount the trade was executed at. Below we're uncovering what slippage in crypto is, explaining how it can contribute to risk, and providing some practical examples on how to avoid it. 

What Is Slippage In Trading?

Slippage is when an investor opens a trade but between creating the trade and the trade executing, the price changes due to price movements in the greater market. This can often be a costly problem in the financial sector and particularly when trading digital currencies on crypto exchanges.

How Does Slippage Occur?

The two main causes of slippage are volatility and liquidity, outlined in more information below.

Volatility is when the price changes rapidly, as is common in cryptocurrency markets, and as a result the price changes between the time of creating the buy or sell order and the time of execution. 

Liquidity concerns on the other hand are when the coin you are trading is not traded very often and the range between the lowest ask and the highest bid is wide. This can cause sudden and dramatic price changes, resulting in slippage. Fewer people trading an asset results in fewer asking prices, resulting in less favourable prices. 

This is common among altcoins with low volume and liquidity. While slippage can occur in forex and stock markets too, it is much more prevalent in crypto markets, particularly on decentralised exchanges (DEXs). 

There are two types of slippages:

Positive Slippage

Positive slippage is when a trader creates a buy order and the executed price is lower than the price initially expected. This will result in the trader getting a better rate. The same is true for a sell order that experiences a higher price point at trade execution, resulting in more favourable value for the trader. Positive slippage banks profits.

Negative Slippage

Negative slippage is when the trader loses out on the trade, with the price of the buy order higher than expected at the time of execution. The opposite is true for sell orders, meaning that the execution price is lower at the time of execution, similarly resulting in losses for the trader. 

Can Slippage Be Avoided? How To Avoid Slippage

While one can't eradicate slippage entirely, there are several measures one can take to better manage slippage, as regularly falling victim to negative slippages can result in losing a lot of money. 

• Create limit orders

Instead of creating market orders, traders can instead create limit orders as these types of trades don't settle for unfavourable prices. Market orders are designed to execute a trade service as quickly as possible at the current available price.

• Set a slippage percentage

Traders can create a slippage percentage that eliminates trades happening outside of the predetermined range. This can range from 0.1% to 5%, however, if the slippage percentage is too low this could lead to the trade not being executed and the trader missing out on large drops/jumps.

• Understand the coin's volatility

When in doubt, get educated. Learn about the coin's volatility as well as the volatility on the trading platform you are using. Understanding more about previous patterns can assist in making more informed decisions on when to open and close a position, and avoiding negative slippages.

How To Calculate Slippage

Slippage can be calculated in two ways, either in dollar amount or percentage. Although to work out the percentage, you will first need the dollar amount. This is calculated by subtracting the price you expected to pay from the price you actually paid. This amount will indicate if you incurred a positive or negative slippage. 

Most exchanges express this amount in percentages. This is calculated by dividing the dollar amount of slippage by the difference between the price you expected to get and the limit price. Then multiply that by 100. 

For example, say you are looking to buy Bitcoin for $50,000, but are not willing to pay more than $50,500. When the price is at $50,000 you will create a limit order of $50,500, however, the order executes when the price reaches $50,250. This will result in a $250 slippage. 

To calculate the percentage, divide $250 by $500 (the difference between the price you expected to pay and the limit order). 0.5 multiplied by 100 equals 50%. 

In this case, your slippage was $250 or 50%. 

Want to know more about cryptocurrencies and trading? Check out all our other educational articles here. 

The world we are living in is constantly evolving, finding new ways to embrace technology and the impact it can have on our future. From struggling to get a man on the moon to billionaires casually flying up into space, we have come a long way from what was once only dreams.

One thing that has been on peoples' minds for a while is our integration into a more VR-compatible world. If you have seen the movie "Ready Player One" then you know what we are talking about. Although augmented reality and VR is not as inclusive as it could be yet, it offers an escape from our realities via the internet.

Buying a VR headset and visiting Japan would be much cheaper than plane tickets, accommodation, and money for food. This once-off price for VR has provided a new dream for many of us, and there are a few companies taking advantage of this demand in the market. 

The Metaverse Explained 

Although Metaverse is closely tied to Facebook, now called Meta, the term was first coined in the 1992 novel Snow Crash by author Neal Stephenson. The novel followed a dystopic future where people spend most of their time in a virtual reality metaverse. Why Facebook would base their project on a dystopian novel is a question we can't answer. Facebook isn't even the first company to embrace a "VR universe", we have seen game providers such as Epic Games host VR concerts on their platforms, such as the Travis Scott performance.

We have also seen games like Second Life become increasingly popular as social contact has become limited in past years due to the pandemic, providing a relatively safe virtual world for people to interact. While these platforms have come close, nothing compares to what the Metaverse has in store. 

"Meta" relates to the Greek origin for the word beyond, while "Verse" is associated with the word universe, meaning beyond universe. The core concept of this idea is to create a virtual reality world, giving us access to everything in our world and beyond. From buying to selling to gaming, to human interactions, and more. There is no limit to how far the Metaverse can go.

The Metaverse could provide a way for humans to experience more at a reduced price and easier access, whether that be school education or leisure activities. In its basic form, the Metaverse is a way for people to integrate into a virtual world and perform complex interactions.

What To Expect 

While Facebook, or Meta, has not definitively laid out their plans for the Metaverse and all the more intricate details, there are some things we can expect. So using some creative freedom, basic expectations, and what has been confirmed, these are 5 things you can expect from the Metaverse: 

Virtual reality: The most obvious feature we can expect from the Metaverse is that it will be based in a virtual reality world, or universe, accessible through VR-compatible devices. 

Workspaces: Another feature to expect is a workspace, whether it be to motivate people, or board rooms designed for teams to have talks, we are sure the Metaverse is making space for work. 

Events: We have already seen other platforms host virtual events, this is surely something we will see popping up in the Metaverse. Expect concerts, conferences, and more. 

Games: There has already been some confirmation of VR games entering the Metaverse, we may not be sure what games yet, but it would be a waste not to include a community already interested in VR gaming. 

Retail purchasing: The Metaverse is geared up and ready to take on retail, whether that be allowing people to buy things through the Metaverse for delivery, or to use on the Metaverse. We can expect VR clothing and merch to be a big feature. 

This is just the basics, we believe, with so much more to still be conceptualized and confirmed. The Metaverse, while exciting, holds more praise in its potential than its progress as of yet. Hopefully we will see more fun additions, maybe some VR Disney Worlds or skiing trips down Mount Everest, who knows? 

Things You Might Still Be Wondering About The Metaverse

Now that you know the basics of what a Metaverse is and what to expect from the Facebook Metaverse let delve into some other topics. These are the most frequently asked questions associated with the Metaverse:

Is Metaverse just VR?

Not necessarily, we have seen Metaverse-adjacent projects run their virtual worlds without the use of VR or VR headsets. In short, the Metaverse offered by Facebook is being launched as a Virtual Reality world, but that doesn't mean all will be. 

Do you need Occulas for Metaverse?

The device of choice, or choices, has not been announced as of yet. We expect the Facebook Metaverse to offer more than one option point for accessibility. 

Is Roblox a Metaverse?

At its core basics, yes, it is a virtual world with a variety of interaction options such as retail, socializing, and gaming. 

Who owns the Metaverse?

No one person owns the Metaverse, there are multiple companies working to launch their versions of a Metaverse. There is currently no patent on the term or concept yet, although we may see features patented in the future. 

Is Decentraland a Metaverse?

At its core basics, yes, it is a virtual world with a variety of interaction options such as retail, socializing, and gaming.  

Why is the Metaverse good?

We have highlighted some points, but let's break them down again. It is generally cheaper for some experiences, it is accessible to the world, it's another way for the world to connect, and it's an advancement of technology. There is more, but these are the main focal points. 

In Conclusion 

The Metaverse, whether that be Facebooks' version or another, is a very exciting thing. There are so many possibilities, and ways it can better the world. Virtual protests anyone can join, recovery programs or groups, being able to go to your favorite artist's concert without flying thousands of miles, and more.

The possibilities truly are endless, and we are privileged to be able to be a part of the building's progress. A virtual world, or universe, may have some risks associated with it, but we also see plenty of potential for good. The positives and negatives of the Metaverse are going to vary, from platform to platform, depending on what the company has in store.

While the Facebook Metaverse may be the most mainstream at the moment, there are and will be better Metaverses such as the Microsoft one rising soon enough. So stay tuned as the Metaverse is brought to reality.

The stock market is a collective term for stock exchanges around the world. On these exchanges buyers and sellers can trade shares in publicly traded companies, known as stock. Similar to an auction, buyers can name the highest price they're willing to pay, known as the "bid", and sellers can name the lowest price they're willing to accept, known as the "ask". The trade will typically execute somewhere between these two figures.

The stock market exists across the world with stock exchanges situated in New York and Hong Kong, connecting traders through a mutual set of guidelines. Learn more about the role of stockbrokers, portfolio managers, and investors as we take a deep dive into the entire stock market.

What is the stock market?

The stock market can also be referred to as the equities market or share market. As mentioned above, the stock market encompases buyers and sellers of stocks of publically traded companies. Similar to a farmer's market, the stock market forms a base where buyers and sellers can exchange things. Unlike farmer's markets, however, stock markets are heavily regulated and more complex, with prices known to change quickly.

The primary functions that the stock market serves

• The buying of stocks: Both retail investors and institutional investors can purchase shares of companies.
• The selling of stocks: every trade needs a buyer and seller.
• The issuance of stocks: A company raising money may do so by selling a portion of ownership via an initial public offering (IPO). If the company is already public, it can raise money through a secondary public offering. After the individual stocks are issued in either case, it can be bought by or sold to members of the general public.
  Trades are typically placed by stockbrokers on behalf of individual investors or portfolio managers.

The primary market is when companies list their shares, while the secondary market is where investors trade these stocks. The secondary market is essentially the stock exchange where stock trading takes place.

It's not just stocks that can be bought and sold on the stock market. Other types of securities, such as exchange-traded funds (ETFs) or REITs, are also traded on the stock market (with some discrepancies in how they're priced and traded).

Around the world, there are 60 major stock exchanges, each varying in size and trading volume. In the United States, for instance, there are 13 different exchanges that make up the stock market, the most popular ones being the New York Stock Exchange and Nasdaq.

How does the stock market work?

The primary function of the stock market is to bring together buyers and sellers so they can trade stocks and other financial instruments. The price is set much like an auction would be.

Bid price

• Buyers determine the bid price. Stockbrokers can bid on the price they're willing to buy a stock for, and the highest price becomes known as the "Best Bid."

Ask price

• Sellers determine the ask price. When an owner of the stock or their stockbroker wants to sell, they place what's called an ask, which is the price that they would like to sell a stock for. The lowest prices become known as the "Best Ask."

The negotiation between the Best Bid and Best Ask is called the “Spread.” The two sides agree to meet somewhere in the middle, and the person who executes the trade gets paid by taking the difference.

As you follow a stock, you’ll notice the share price moves. The stock's price is always changing depending on how many people are buying or selling it and the number of trades that it goes through. As economic, political, and news stories specific to a company affect the movement of markets in general, that company's stock prices can change too as a result. This is known as stock market volatility.

Is trading on stock exchanges risky?

As with any investment pursuit, trading the stock market for both short-term and long-term periods carries a level of risk. Being prepared by knowing that stocks can increase or decrease dramatically at a moment's notice will allow you to prepare for such events in your trading strategy.

In some cases, stock prices can decrease to zero, losing all their value and resulting in a total loss of capital for the investor. While this is an extreme case, making the necessary precautions in one's trading strategy will go a long way.

Is the stock market and stock exchange regulated?

Yes, as the stock market handles trillions of dollars, government organizations around the world have been called in to regulate these markets. In the U.S. for example the SEC (US Securities and Exchange Commission) has been granted the authority by Congress to regulate the stock market because they handle such a large amount of money. Other countries have similar organizations that regulate and enforce different laws.

Regulators are responsible for:

• Safeguarding the investments of the general public
• Promoting a sense of equality and fairness
• Keeping markets running smoothly

Who are the main players in the stock market?

Below are the main players contributing to how the stock market works:

• Retail investors
  Buy or sell individual stocks through a brokerage account. When you place an order, it’s sent to exchanges where the trades are executed.
• Stockbrokers
  “Registered representatives” who have completed professional training and passed a licensing exam and are allowed to buy and sell securities on behalf of investors. Stockbrokers work for brokerages, which can either make their money through markups/markdowns or commissions on trades (known as principals or agents respectively). Fees are often charged by the brokerage to customers that use them to place orders and execute stock trades.
• Portfolio managers
  Portfolio managers are stockbrokers on a grander scale as they buy and sell stocks through large orders as they manage larger stock portfolios. These might include mutual funds, retirement funds, and pension funds, which contain a bundle of securities (stocks, bonds, etc) that are handled by the portfolio manager.
• Investment bankers
  Help companies list their shares publicly on exchanges.

Who makes up the stock market ecosystem?

To better understand how the stock market works you will need to understand the varying components that make up the primary market. Investors buying and selling stock make up the biggest component of the stock market, however, there are plenty of middlemen acting between those buyers and sellers earning money by providing services to them. Below are some examples:

• The stock exchanges charge a small transaction fee and listing fee to the companies that offer their shares on the exchange.
• Agents are the middlemen connecting the buyers with sellers. For connecting each side of the transaction they take a commission.
• Principals are broker-dealer firms that manage a portfolio of shares they're willing to sell. Broker-dealers usually earn a profit by adding a markup to stocks they sell and charge investors less than the full value when buying stock. For example, have you ever noticed how much more car dealerships will sell cars for versus what they offered to pay you for your old one? Brokerages do something similar with stocks.
• Retail investors are people who invest for themselves, and not as part of their job, are retail investors. These individuals manage their own stocks (or other assets) through personal accounts with brokerages.
• Custodians. Brokerage firms use custodians to physically hold stocks, which is seen as less of a risk in terms of loss, theft, or damage. For doing so they charge a fee.

What is the history of the stock market?

The original concept of the stock market is the opportunity for a company to divide its ownership, known as equity, and sell it to investors. This practice dates back hundreds of years to the 1600s where European explorers would raise money for their ventures by selling shares in the company.

Investors would then get a cut of the explorer's missions, whether it be bringing back foreign spices or animal hides. The Dutch East India Company was a pioneer in this movement, selling shares in exchange for future profits on Amsterdam's stock exchange.

A century later and the first modern stock exchange was launched in London. Due to a high amount of fraud and minimal information on the company available to the public, the London Stock Exchange was created in 1773 which provided a consistent and fair platform on which to trade stocks.

Across the pond in 1790 the first stock exchange was formed in Philidelphia, followed shortly after by the New York Stock Exchange. Fast forward to modern days and the NYSE now provides both digital trading and a physical trading floor on Wall Street, the latter of which is a National Historic Landmark.

Nasdaq (National Association of Securities Dealers Automated Quotations) launched in 1971 as the world's first electronic market. The electronic stock exchange is a popular option for tech companies looking to list their shares and a crosstown rival to the NYSE. From a trading perspective, where the shares are listed makes little to no difference to the investor.

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In conclusion: what is the stock market?

The stock market is a collective term for stock exchanges around the world that facilitate the trade of stocks and other financial instruments.

USD Coin is a prominent stablecoin in the cryptocurrency market. Providing a plethora of use cases to both crypto and traditional investors, financial services and traders, USD Coin sits among the top 10 biggest cryptocurrencies by market capitalisation.

In this article, we explore this celebrated stablecoin and all it has to offer in terms of being a traditional investment opportunity, savings relief and digital value settlement service.

USD Coin is relatively new to the market, launching in September 2018. The stablecoin is pegged to the US dollar, meaning that its value will always reflect the price of the dollar on a 1:1 ratio.

This is established by keeping an equivalent amount of the circulating supply in a reserve account, i.e. for every 1 USDC in circulation, $1 needs to be held in reserve. The reserve is a mixture of cash and short-term U.S. Treasury bonds.

What Is The Point Of The USD Coin?

Built on top of the Ethereum network, USDC is a tokenised version of the US dollar that can operate over the internet and public blockchains. It is designed to provide a stable digital currency in an industry prone to volatility.

Setting itself apart in an increasingly saturated stablecoin market, USD Coin has received wide interest due to it providing a strong layer of transparency. The platform maintains strict protocols to ensure that the reserves are always at the correct levels, ensuring holders that they can withdraw 1 USDC for $1 at any given time, by way of enlisting a major accounting firm.

All USD holdings are required to be reported regularly by USDC issuers, which are in turn published by Grant Thornton LLP (as witnessed in the news). Unlike Bitcoin, while the company uses the decentralized network of Ethereum to function, it has a centralized agency controlling it.

Who Created USD Coin?

The coin was created by the Centre Consortium, a foundation consisting of the peer-to-peer payment service company, Circle and cryptocurrency exchange, Coinbase. Circle and Coinbase were the first commercial industry users of the stablecoin.

In 2020, Circle and Coinbase announced an upgrade to the USDC protocol and smart contracts. These upgrades were implemented to increase the cryptocurrency's usability for everyday payments, commerce and peer-to-peer transactions.

Both companies are well-funded and have achieved regulatory compliance, confirming the cryptocurrency's stability and international transparency appeal.

How Does USD Coin Work?

USD Coins are created through a process of minting. Users send USD to the USDC issuer's bank account, which then uses the USDC smart contract to create the equivalent amount of USDC. The digital currencies are then delivered to the user, with the fiat payment held in reserve.

Should the user wish to liquidate their USDC, they can send a request to the USDC issuer who then sends a request to the USDC smart contract to take a certain amount of USDC out of circulation. The issuer then sends the equivalent amount of USD (minus fees) to the user's bank account, taken from the reserve.

USD Coins can be traded through exchanges for other cryptocurrencies, or sent to crypto wallets around the world (provided that they support ERC-20 tokens). The coins are also often used to hedge against cryptocurrencies going through turbulent or crashing market periods.

What Is USDC?

USDC is a fiat-collateralised ERC-20 token hosted on the Ethereum blockchain platform. The stablecoin has an unlimited total supply with currently just under 37 billion USDC in circulation.

The coin provides an easy means of transferring funds internationally at a fraction of the cost and time that sending the traditional fiat would take. It has also proven to be a popular innovation in the DeFi (decentralized finance) space.

How Can I Buy USDC?

If you're looking to add USDC to your crypto portfolio you can do so conveniently through the Tap app. In a recent upgrade, the Tap app has added support for a number of prominent cryptocurrencies, including USDC.

Users can simply exchange one of the supported cryptocurrencies for USDC, or purchase USDC using fiat money. These can then be stored in the unique wallets integrated into your Tap account.

As cryptocurrencies grow in popularity and adoption, they are fast becoming a household term, a norm if you will. 2021 was a big year for digital assets, with the entire market cap exceeding $3 trillion, institutional investment at its highest, and countries like El Salvador declaring Bitcoin as a legal tender. 

On top of this financial institutions around the world are incorporating the asset class into their balance sheets and many are exploring the concept of CBDCs (central bank digital currencies). As digital assets become increasingly integrated into our daily lives and a more popular option for the customer, it's time we harness the power of this nascent technology. 

What is crypto as a service (CaaS)? 

CaaS stands for Crypto as a Service and is a white-label solution for businesses and financial institutions that want to provide cryptocurrency services to their consumers. CaaS is essentially banking as a service for digital currencies.

CaaS works as a simple plug-and-play system for businesses wanting to provide their customers with digital assets trading, brokerage and custody services. Customers can interact with the services directly, without having to go through the providing company.

This infrastructure can then be used by any platform, from fintech, bank, or financial services businesses, as well as be integrated into mobile applications.

Given that asset managers manage £6.6 trillion in the United Kingdom alone, and that listed company values reach a staggering $93 trillion overall, the potential to offer traditional institutions with crypto cloud services is huge. As banking as a service has taken off, the expectation is that CaaS is going to follow its lead.

How does CaaS work?

The Crypto as a Service solution allows businesses and financial institutions, such as neobanks, to establish new revenue streams by providing a simple means for their customers to engage in crypto payments and the digital assets market. The consumer will be able to:

• Buy and sell digital assets
• Pay for goods and services using their digital wallet
• Securely store cryptocurrencies

The companies providing these services also receive access to highly secure and compliant transaction data monitoring and risk management systems. They will also be responsible for developing the global payments user interface, as CaaS functions as a back-end-only tool.

This ensures that the crypto services are entirely aligned with the brand, and do not appear to be a third party intervention. Through this interface, users can engage in crypto payments and manage crypto funds.

The main company providing Crypto as a Service will be responsible for aspects like KYC/AML, order processing, transaction monitoring, and digital assets custody, relevant to each jurisdiction.

For example, the regulatory requirements will be different in the United States and United Kingdom. This will establish the underlying trust when it comes to new customers engaging in crypto markets and other asset classes. These innovative business models are revolutionising the way in which people around the world can engage in decentralized finance without the risk.

Who would use CaaS?

Crypto as a Service allows regulated central banks and fintech firms to enable their customers to invest, store, trade, and pay in crypto. As these businesses offer cryptocurrency services they too can open new revenue streams.

The technology provider will also allow pension funds and asset managers to invest in Bitcoin and the greater crypto ecosystem on behalf of their clients. This new technology generates increased cash flow for businesses and an increased demographic of users.

Remittance firms will be able to send cross-border payments for a fraction of the cost while gaming companies, e-retailers, and brands can all begin utilizing digital wallets to allow their clients to make purchases in cryptocurrency and an overall improved experience.

CaaS is designed to assist any business looking to innovate their global payments system and enter the global market with crypto services.

Tap's CaaS service

Tap provides businesses with a reliable Crypto as a Service service that allows the company to leverage their already existing infrastructure and incorporate cryptocurrencies. The leading plug-and-play solution easily integrates into the company's hardware and allows any business to tap into a new demographic of crypto-interested customers and level of efficiency.

As we saw a demand for businesses looking to integrate cryptocurrencies into their already established models, these collaborative services were the logical next step.

Through the on-demand Crypto as a Service service, we are able to deliver another layer of crypto services on top of our already established mobile app.

With Tap's high-performance CaaS services, businesses are able to provide their customers with instant access to the crypto sector, with a secure and convenient means of buying, selling, and trading cryptocurrencies as well as access to a yield-generating wallet (a crypto savings account).

While a crypto exchange can take a minimum of two years to build, our CaaS can be implemented in a few weeks. Tap also holds the necessary regulatory compliance and insurance required for companies offering this level of service in the crypto environment.

The integration of these services removes the workload of managing cryptocurrencies and allows your business to focus on more scalable endeavors. No blockchain expertise needed.

To learn more or for more information, please visit our website and contact us should you wish to incorporate this level of innovation into your business.

Closing Thoughts

The greatest obstacle in the path to global crypto adoption is the belief that crypto is too volatile and that it lacks regulation.

While the markets are known to engage in volatile price movements, the understanding is that once regulatory frameworks are imposed this will be curbed.

Government bodies around the world are working to achieve this, as cryptocurrencies have firmly become a permanent feature on the greater financial landscape. As banking as a service (BAAS) has taken off, in light of the rise in crypto adoption, CaaS is the next step forward.

Crypto as a Service aims to provide both access and education to those looking to incorporate this crypto-centered product into their business and lives and integrate themselves into the digital asset ecosystem. Be sure to find a reputable platform that provides CaaS services with an easy-to-integrate API and high regulatory standards.

These crypto-powered products and services will assist the general public with becoming more familiar with the technology while allowing those already interested in harnessing and leveraging their crypto portfolios. After all, cryptocurrencies and the greater asset class are here to stay.

The crypto markets are in the midst of a serious slump. While bear markets are a natural process within the economic cycles and should not be feared, many look to these times as an opportunity to accumulate cryptocurrencies in what has become known as "buying the dip".

Bitcoin currently undervalued

According to the United States investment company, JPMorgan Chase, who valued Bitcoin at $38,000, the biggest cryptocurrency is currently undervalued. With Bitcoin essentially selling at a "discount", now is a great time to establish whether you should buy the dip. 

It is believed that the crypto markets have taken a knock following the war instigated by Russia on Ukraine, the global rising inflation rates, a looming recession and the potential energy crisis that could plague Europe. Despite the global market turmoil, cryptocurrencies have proven to be incredibly resilient over the years.

There are of course a few things to consider, mainly your appetite for risk and your currency income bracket. As the golden rule goes: never invest more than you're willing to lose. Another important component to consider when deciding whether to buy the crypto dip is where you see the cryptocurrency going in the future. Do you believe in the project's fundamentals, and that its user base will continue to grow?

Despite the cryptocurrency being 70% down from its all-time high price achieved in November 2021, industry insiders remain bullish. Chris Brendler, managing director at D.A. Davidson, believes Bitcoin will be trading at $38,000 by the end of the year, and $50,000 by the end of 2023. Jurrien Timmer, director of global macro at Fidelity Investments, on the other hand, believes that it will be worth up to $100,000 in 2024. 

Is it the right time to invest in cryptocurrencies?

Since its inception over a decade ago, Bitcoin has amassed a devoted following. However, it's impossible to say now whether Bitcoin will become the world's reserve currency or a universally acknowledged store of value, like gold. Some investors are frightened by the rush of riches or downfall, while others are enthusiastic about the potential for large gains. in the crypto market.

In 2022, Bitcoin is considerably less hazardous than it was in 2012 and is widely regarded as being a revolutionary technology. In today's geopolitical climate, Bitcoin has risen to the forefront. El Salvador's decision to legalize Bitcoin as legal money in 2021 is expected to encourage other nations to do the same, however, others may choose against it out of fear of losing their fiat currency. 

Buying Bitcoin, also known as making a Bitcoin investment, like any speculative investment, involves a degree of risk. Bitcoin was the first digital asset to give rise to the contemporary crypto economy. For many years, it had a hidden following of crypto investors who believed it may eventually replace the physical monetary system. As institutions and governments seek to satisfy their customers' growing demand for exposure, Bitcoin has grown.

In order to get the most out of a Bitcoin investment, one must know when to buy. The Bitcoin market is unpredictable and may switch rapidly, with fluctuations ranging from minutes to weeks and even months. As a result, determining the right time to buy one's digital currency is crucial.

There is no such thing as a perfect time to make a crypto investment, however, buying when in a dip or a bear market allows for lower price points. 

While Bitcoin remains the biggest cryptocurrency, there are alternative investment options to consider such as Ethereum, the second biggest cryptocurrency. Ethereum was designed as a blockchain platform on which developers could create their own blockchain-based apps, known as decentralized applications (apps). When buying the dip, investors tend to stick to the top-ranked cryptocurrencies.

Buying crypto during a bear market

In the world of cryptocurrencies, a dip is when you buy something after its value has dropped. Buying a dip indicates that you have an opportunity to invest in a digital currency or token whose price has fallen, whether it be short or long-term. A bull market is typically a good time for you to sell Bitcoin, while a bear market is a good time to buy Bitcoin.

A bear market is any decline in the market price of at least 20% over a set period of time. The December 2017 Bitcoin price crash is one such example, in which the price of Bitcoin fell from $20,000 to $3,200 in just a few days. According to folklore, the term "bear" is said to derive from a bear's fighting style, which involves using its claws in a downward motion. Others speculate that it has to do with bears going into hibernation in the winter. 

Traders prefer to acquire assets during a bear market, particularly when they are at low prices. However, determining when a bear market has come to an end makes it difficult for investors to take the risk of buying a low-value cryptocurrency that may or may not recover.

When investors learn about unfavorable circumstances involving a specific cryptocurrency or asset, the market price commonly drops. As a result of the negative spiral, more people delay investing because they believe that more terrible news is on the way and that they should prepare for the worst.

This causes the market to lose more ground as a result of panic selling and contributes to the downward trend in crypto prices. Bear markets eventually subside when investors gradually regain their confidence and buy Bitcoin, ushering in a new bull cycle.

Bear markets are a great time for Bitcoin investors to take advantage of the price swings. When Bitcoin funds are low, this typically equates to lower fees on Bitcoin transactions as well, which can help to propel Bitcoin adoption.

Is now the right time for a Bitcoin investment?

We must first assess the market's overall attitude to determine whether now is a good time to invest in Bitcoin. 

According to the crypto Fear and Greed Index, it is currently positioned on "extreme fear" indicating that it is trading well below its intrinsic values.

The "Bitcoin Monthly" report issued by Ark Invest reported that 'Hodlers,' are more powerful than ever before, with 66% of Bitcoin's supply remaining unchanged for almost a year. This illustrates the market's long-term dedication.

According to Glassnode data, short-term investments dropped -35% below the breakeven price in the third quarter. These statistics were last seen in January 2022, July 2020, and March 2020. The aggregate long- and short-term holdings are still above the breakeven price, implying that widespread capitulation has not occurred.

Trading Bitcoin in the current crypto market conditions

Finally, it all boils down to whether or not you feel comfortable putting your money into the current market conditions. There is no easy solution to when is the best time to invest in Bitcoin. We are still early in the game, and Bitcoin, as well as the entire sector, has a lot of room for development. This implies that the investment opportunities for investors will likely continue. 

Disclaimer: This article is intended for communication purposes only, you should not consider any such information, opinions or other material as financial advice. This information is specific to that of the Bitcoin market and should not be translated to the traditional stock markets. The crypto market is an entirely different asset class and crypto holdings should be treated as such.

The information herein does not constitute an offer to sell or the solicitation to purchase/invest in any crypto assets and is not to be taken as a recommendation that any particular investment or trading approach is appropriate for any specific person.

There is a possibility of risk in investing in crypto assets and investors are exposed to fluctuations in the crypto asset market. This communication should be read in conjunction with Tap's Terms and Conditions.
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_{Disclaimer: This article is intended for communication purposes only, you should not consider any such information, opinions or other material as financial advice. This communication should be read in conjunction with Tap’s Terms and Conditions.}

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Το spot trading είναι ένας απλός τρόπος επένδυσης και ανταλλαγής περιουσιακών στοιχείων — όπως μετοχές, νομίσματα, εμπορεύματα ή κρυπτονομίσματα — στην τρέχουσα τιμή της αγοράς.

Αν έχεις αγοράσει ποτέ Bitcoin ή άλλα crypto στην τιμή αγοράς για να τα κρατήσεις στο πορτοφόλι σου, τότε έχεις ήδη κάνει ένα spot trade. Οι αγορές spot υπάρχουν για πολλά είδη περιουσιακών στοιχείων: από crypto και μετοχές, μέχρι forex και ομόλογα. Παραδείγματα spot αγορών είναι το NASDAQ και το Χρηματιστήριο της Νέας Υόρκης.

Πώς λειτουργεί το spot trading;

Οι spot traders αγοράζουν περιουσιακά στοιχεία ελπίζοντας ότι η αξία τους θα αυξηθεί ώστε να τα πουλήσουν αργότερα με κέρδος. Άλλοι traders επιλέγουν το shorting, δηλαδή να πουλούν πρώτα και να τα αγοράζουν πίσω όταν πέσει η τιμή.

Η spot τιμή είναι η πραγματική, ζωντανή τιμή της αγοράς εκείνη τη στιγμή. Αν κάνεις μια παραγγελία αγοράς, το σύστημα προσπαθεί να εκτελέσει την εντολή σου αμέσως στη διαθέσιμη τιμή. Αν όμως δεν υπάρχει επαρκής ρευστότητα ή όγκος, η παραγγελία σου μπορεί να εκτελεστεί σε διαφορετικές τιμές.

📍 Παράδειγμα: Αν ζητήσεις να αγοράσεις 5 BTC στην τρέχουσα τιμή, αλλά διαθέσιμα είναι μόνο 2, τότε τα υπόλοιπα θα εκτελεστούν σε άλλη τιμή.

Οι χρόνοι παράδοσης ποικίλουν. Στα crypto είναι σχεδόν άμεσοι, ενώ σε μετοχές μπορεί να χρειαστούν 2 εργάσιμες μέρες (T+2).

Spot trading vs Margin trading

Το spot trading απαιτεί να αγοράσεις και να κατέχεις το περιουσιακό στοιχείο άμεσα. Αντίθετα, το margin trading σου επιτρέπει να δανειστείς κεφάλαια για να αυξήσεις το μέγεθος της συναλλαγής σου, κάτι που ενέχει και υψηλότερο ρίσκο. Συνίσταται μόνο για έμπειρους traders.

Spot vs Futures trading

Το spot trading βασίζεται σε πραγματικές συναλλαγές άμεσης εκτέλεσης, ενώ τα futures είναι συμβόλαια που εκτελούνται στο μέλλον, με προκαθορισμένη τιμή και ποσότητα. Οι περισσότεροι επενδυτές επιλέγουν την εκκαθάριση σε μετρητά αντί για φυσική παράδοση.

Πώς διαφέρει το OTC trading;

Το OTC (Over-the-Counter) trading γίνεται εκτός οργανωμένων χρηματιστηρίων. Οι συναλλαγές γίνονται άμεσα μεταξύ των δύο μερών, μέσω τηλεφώνου ή μηνυμάτων, και δεν χρησιμοποιείται order book.

Πλεονεκτήματα OTC

• Κατάλληλο για μεγάλες συναλλαγές χωρίς να επηρεάζεται η τιμή της αγοράς (slippage).
• Χρήσιμο για περιουσιακά στοιχεία με μικρή ρευστότητα.

Spot trading σε διαφορετικά είδη αγορών

Κεντρικά Χρηματιστήρια (Centralized Exchanges - CEX)

Οι πιο γνωστές πλατφόρμες (όπως Binance, Coinbase κ.λπ.) προσφέρουν spot trading με λογαριασμούς πελατών, KYC, ασφάλεια και ρευστότητα. Η πλατφόρμα λειτουργεί ως μεσολαβητής και φυλάσσει τα κεφάλαια.

Αποκεντρωμένα Χρηματιστήρια (Decentralized Exchanges - DEX)

Τα DEX χρησιμοποιούν smart contracts και επιτρέπουν peer-to-peer συναλλαγές χωρίς μεσολαβητή. Οι χρήστες διατηρούν τον έλεγχο των funds τους, αλλά η ασφάλεια και η ευκολία ποικίλλουν.

OTC (Over the Counter)

Πιο ιδιωτική και άμεση μέθοδος. Ιδανική για μεγάλες συναλλαγές όπου η τιμή της αγοράς μπορεί να επηρεαστεί. Χρησιμοποιείται κυρίως από θεσμικούς επενδυτές ή traders με υψηλό όγκο.

Συμπερασματικά

Το spot trading είναι μία από τις πιο προσβάσιμες μορφές συναλλαγών — απλή στην κατανόηση και ιδανική για αρχάριους. Προσφέρει ευκολία, άμεση εκτέλεση και είναι η βάση για να εξοικειωθεί κάποιος με τις αγορές, πριν εξερευνήσει πιο σύνθετες επιλογές όπως τα futures ή margin trading.

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Rug pull: Μια ύπουλη τακτική στο DeFi

Ίσως έχεις ακούσει τον όρο rug pull στις ειδήσεις ή στα social media, αλλά τι ακριβώς σημαίνει; Σε αντίθεση με τα γνωστά "pump and dump" σχήματα, το rug pull είναι μια πιο στοχευμένη απάτη. Στο άρθρο αυτό θα αναλύσουμε τι είναι, πώς λειτουργεί και πώς μπορείς να το αναγνωρίσεις έγκαιρα.

Τι είναι ένα rug pull;

Ένα rug pull είναι μια κακόβουλη πρακτική στον χώρο των κρυπτονομισμάτων όπου οι δημιουργοί ενός project εξαφανίζονται μαζί με τα χρήματα των επενδυτών.

Συνηθέστερα παρατηρείται σε πλατφόρμες DeFi (αποκεντρωμένα χρηματοοικονομικά), ιδιαίτερα σε decentralized exchanges (DEXs). Εκεί, επιτήδειοι δημιουργούν ένα token, το συνδέουν με κάποιο μεγάλο κρυπτονόμισμα (όπως το Ethereum), και το προωθούν μαζικά σε πλατφόρμες όπως Telegram ή Twitter.

Μόλις αρκετοί ανυποψίαστοι επενδυτές ανταλλάξουν τα ETH τους με το νέο token, οι δημιουργοί αδειάζουν τη liquidity pool και εξαφανίζονται. Η τιμή του token καταρρέει σε μηδενικά επίπεδα.

Γιατί συμβαίνουν κυρίως σε DEXs;

Τα rug pulls ευδοκιμούν σε αποκεντρωμένα ανταλλακτήρια γιατί:

• Ο καθένας μπορεί να δημιουργήσει και να διαθέσει ένα token χωρίς έλεγχο.
• Δεν υπάρχουν διαδικασίες ελέγχου, όπως συμβαίνει σε κεντρικά ανταλλακτήρια (CEX).
• Οι ERC-20 tokens μπορούν να δημιουργηθούν εύκολα και δωρεάν στο Ethereum blockchain.

Αυτό δημιουργεί ένα ιδανικό περιβάλλον για απάτες εις βάρος επενδυτών που δεν έχουν εμπειρία.

Σημάδια ότι μπορεί να πρόκειται για rug pull

Αν και είναι απίθανο να συμβεί σε γνωστά projects (όπως Bitcoin ή Ethereum), υπάρχουν ορισμένα «καμπανάκια» που πρέπει να προσέχεις:

• Ραγδαία άνοδος τιμής: Αν το token ανεβεί 50 φορές μέσα σε 24 ώρες, είναι πιθανό να έχει σχεδιαστεί για να δημιουργήσει FOMO (φόβο ότι θα χάσεις την ευκαιρία).
• Έλλειψη πληροφόρησης: Αν δεν μπορείς να βρεις επαρκή στοιχεία για την ομάδα, τον κώδικα ή την αποστολή του project.
• Χωρίς locked liquidity: Τα σοβαρά projects κλειδώνουν τη ρευστότητα τους για κάποιο χρονικό διάστημα. Αν δεν υπάρχει τέτοια ένδειξη, υπάρχει κίνδυνος.
• Η ομάδα κατέχει μεγάλη ποσότητα των tokens: Ένα "unruggable" project δεν αφήνει τη διαχείριση των tokens στα χέρια των δημιουργών.

Είναι τα rug pulls παράνομα;

Παρόλο που θα έπρεπε να θεωρούνται παράνομα, δυστυχώς το νομικό πλαίσιο των crypto βρίσκεται ακόμη σε φάση εξέλιξης. Πολλοί από τους υπεύθυνους καταφέρνουν να διαφύγουν χωρίς συνέπειες, ειδικά όταν δρουν από δικαιοδοσίες χωρίς ρυθμιστική εποπτεία.

Παράδειγμα: Το rug pull του Squid Game

Ένα από τα πιο διάσημα rug pulls συνέβη στα τέλη του 2021, με το Squid Game token. Το token αυτό, εμπνευσμένο από τη δημοφιλή σειρά του Netflix, εκτοξεύτηκε στα $2.861 προτού η ιστοσελίδα κατέβει και οι δημιουργοί εξαφανιστούν.

Το token ενσωμάτωνε μηχανισμό anti-dumping, εμποδίζοντας τους κατόχους να πουλήσουν, ενώ οι δημιουργοί τσέπωσαν πάνω από $3.3 εκατομμύρια. Πάνω από 43.000 επενδυτές έμειναν με ένα άχρηστο token στα χέρια τους.

Συμπεράσματα

Τα rug pulls δεν είναι καθημερινό φαινόμενο, αλλά δυστυχώς εξακολουθούν να υπάρχουν και μπορούν να προκαλέσουν μεγάλες ζημιές.

Τι μπορείς να κάνεις:

• Δώσε προσοχή στη ρευστότητα και την κατανομή των tokens.
• Προτίμησε γνωστά και αξιόπιστα projects.
• Έλεγξε εάν η ομάδα είναι επώνυμη και ενεργή στα social.
• Μην επενδύεις σε projects που σου φαίνονται “πολύ καλά για να είναι αληθινά”.

Ο κόσμος των crypto έχει πολλές ευκαιρίες — αλλά και παγίδες. Γνώση και επαγρύπνηση είναι οι καλύτερες άμυνες.

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We’ve covered what Proof of Work and Proof of Stake is, but what is PaaS?

In this article, we’re making this rather complicated-sounding term easy to understand as we explore where it came from, what it means, and why it’s likely to keep popping up in the crypto realm. 

What Is PaaS?

PaaS stands for Platform as a Service and refers to a cloud delivery service that uses third-party cloud service providers. “As a service” indicates that the cloud computing service is provided by a third party, rather than the user having to manage their own hardware and software.

PaaS providers offer a range of services, including operating systems, databases, middleware, and other software development tools. PaaS offerings can be used for both cloud-native and hybrid cloud applications.

PaaS solutions are popular among software developers and businesses looking to migrate their applications to the cloud. They provide an application development platform that can be used to build and deploy applications quickly and easily, without the need for specialized hardware or software.

Some of the key benefits of PaaS include reduced costs, faster deployment, and greater flexibility and scalability. PaaS providers offer a range of services, including operating systems, databases, middleware, and other software development tools. This allows users to develop, run, and manage applications without having to worry about the underlying infrastructure.

The History of PaaS

PaaS first appeared in 2005 as Zimki under the company Fontago. Zimki allowed users to build and deploy web services and applications through its code execution platform.

Billing was determined based on the number of JavaScript operations, the amount of web traffic and the total storage used, providing users with a much clearer cost structure than on other platforms. The platform was eventually shut down in 2008 by its parent company.

That same year the Google App Engine was launched allowing users to create web services and applications using languages like Go, PHP, Node.js, Java and Python.

Today, Google remains the biggest PaaS vendor in the world. 

How Does PaaS Work?

Instead of replacing its overall IT infrastructure and running these services in-house, PaaS streamlines access to its key services. This helps to reduce time in deployment as well as minimize startup costs. 

PaaS allows users to tap into resources and functions like capacity on demand, data storage, text editing, vision management and testing services despite being in geographically different locations. All while using a pay-per-use model. 

PaaS Offers Development Tools

PaaS, or Platform as a Service, is a cloud-based platform that provides users with access to the tools and resources needed to develop and run applications. Instead of replacing its overall IT infrastructure and running these services in-house, PaaS streamlines access to its key services, allowing users to easily tap into resources and functions like capacity on demand, data storage, text editing, vision management, and testing services. This pay-per-use model enables users to access the tools and resources they need without incurring the high costs of building and maintaining their own infrastructure.

PaaS technology offers a range of benefits for both developers and businesses, including the ability to easily integrate databases, manage infrastructure, and access data centers. This can provide a range of advantages, such as improved performance, enhanced security, and increased scalability.

PaaS technology providers also offer a range of services and support to their customers, including integration platforms and infrastructure management services. This can help businesses to quickly and easily integrate their applications with other systems and platforms, allowing them to take advantage of the benefits of PaaS without having to worry about the underlying infrastructure.

PaaS vs IaaS vs SaaS

PaaS, IaaS, and SaaS are all different models of cloud computing. PaaS, or Platform as a Service, provides access to the tools and resources needed to develop and run applications, while IaaS, or Infrastructure as a Service, offers access to the underlying infrastructure, including storage, networking, and computing power. SaaS, or Software as a Service, provides access to software applications over the internet.

These models differ in terms of what areas are handled on-site and which are handled by a third-party provider. For example, with PaaS, the infrastructure and operating system are managed by the provider, while the customer focuses on developing and deploying their own applications. With IaaS, the provider manages the infrastructure, while the customer is responsible for the operating system and applications. With SaaS, the provider manages everything, including the infrastructure, operating system, and applications.

Examples of companies that offer PaaS services include Amazon Web Services and the IBM Cloud, while IaaS providers include AWS, Microsoft Azure, and Google Cloud. Dropbox, Salesforce, and Google Apps are examples of SaaS providers.

These models offer advantages to businesses and developers looking to enter the cloud computing space. For example, PaaS offers the ability to focus on app development without worrying about the underlying infrastructure, while IaaS and SaaS provide access to cloud resources and the ability to quickly deploy and scale applications. These models can also be used to build communications platforms and other mobile applications, providing access to the necessary infrastructure and resources.

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PaaS Provider In Blockchain

The use of PaaS technology, or Platform as a Service, within the blockchain industry is becoming increasingly popular. While blockchain platforms themselves are not typically structured in a PaaS way, the concept of BPaaS, or Blockchain Platform as a Service, offers businesses and enterprises the opportunity to focus on the development of software and other services for customers.

BPaaS provides numerous advantages for companies looking to enter the blockchain space. It allows businesses to leverage the power of cloud-based infrastructure and resources to develop and deploy applications without the need to manage their own hardware and software.

PaaS providers like Amazon Managed Blockchain and the IBM Blockchain Platform are leading the way in offering BPaaS solutions to businesses. These platforms offer a range of tools and resources for application development, including integrated development environments (IDEs), code libraries, and APIs. This allows developers to focus on building and deploying their own blockchain-based applications without worrying about the underlying infrastructure.

Overall, the use of PaaS in the blockchain industry offers numerous benefits, including reduced production costs, streamlined deployment, and the ability to easily integrate specific AI capabilities into applications. This makes it an attractive option for businesses looking to enter the blockchain space.

Crypto lending might be the hot new product in the cryptocurrency space, but before you dive in be sure to first understand what it entails. The concept grew great traction with the rise of the decentralized finance (DeFi) movement, with platforms offering users high yields for borrowing crypto assets. 

Let’s get started with what crypto lending is, and then explore how the product works. 

What is crypto lending?

Crypto lending is a traditional banking service curated to the crypto world. With the DeFi space remains largely unregulated, many crypto exchanges and other platforms have started offering these services, with added security. 

Crypto lending involves a user lending crypto assets to a platform in return for interest, which allows other users to then borrow said crypto assets, paying interest on the amount borrowed. The platform will then take a small percentage of the interest paid. 

Depending on the platform and other factors, crypto lending platforms may be centralized or decentralized and offer exceptionally high-interest rates, with annual percentage yields (APYs) of 15% or more. With the interest rates being higher than traditional bank accounts, lenders gain access to much greater yields, increasing their returns. 

Another advantage to crypto lending is that users are still exposed to price gains in the market. Meaning that if you deposit your Bitcoin when it's worth $20,000 and the price rises in value to $50,000, you are still able to realize these returns and earn interest for the duration of the loan. 

Note that interest rates might fluctuate with market conditions on some platforms, increasing when the prices increase and decreasing when markets are down.

How does crypto lending work?

Cryptocurrency lending platforms function as middlemen connecting lenders to borrowers. Lenders deposit their digital currency into high-interest lending accounts, and borrowers utilize the lending platform to acquire loans. These systems then lend money utilizing the crypto that investors have provided them.

The platform controls its net interest margins by establishing the interest rates for both lending and borrowing.

Rates on platforms differ from cryptocurrency to cryptocurrency, some platforms might offer higher interest rates to lenders willing to commit to a certain time frame. There is no standard interest rate for cryptocurrencies, as each platform has its own set of rules.

Centralized crypto lending means putting your money in the hands of a corporation or other entity to manage and make the process easier. Accounts are created for borrowers and lenders, and loans may be requested by applicants.

Lenders and borrowers may connect their cryptocurrency wallets to a decentralized crypto lending protocol, ​​which uses smart contracts to automate the lender-borrower relationship. Smart contracts are automated digital agreements that execute once certain criteria is met. 

The advantages of crypto lending

There are several benefits to crypto lending when comparing it to a regular bank account.

Borrowers have access to these financial services without having to pass a credit check, making it more financially inclusive than traditional banking services. They are also exposed to lower interest rates than regular banking loans.

Lenders that give loans in the form of cryptocurrencies can make a lot more money from their crypto assets than savings accounts. It may also be a more adaptable choice to crypto staking, which requires users to lock up their cryptocurrency and submit it to a blockchain security method. Depending on the platform, lending usually gives users access to their funds.

The downside to crypto lending

The agreement with crypto loan companies is generally made on individual terms by institution borrowers. As interest rates vary across platforms and cryptocurrencies, each company is different.

There have been several cases where lending platforms have been hit by severe liquidity crisis, notably Celsius, Voyager Digital, and BlockFi. Glenn Huybrecht, COO of Cake DeFi, said, “Some lending providers have been very generous with low collateral requirements, which then puts them in hot water when one of their customer's defaults.”

Due to the ongoing regulation battles, these crypto services are also not backed by government safety nets, like the traditional banks are. However, some platforms do hold insurance and the necessary regulatory accreditations so be sure to seek one that has all of the above.

Closing thoughts

Crypto lending platforms differ greatly from one another so be sure to check each platform, their interest rates for all the various currencies supported, and if there are any lock-up periods or fees payable. 

Το 1inch είναι ένα εργαλείο συναλλαγών κρυπτονομισμάτων που απευθύνεται σε επενδυτές, παρέχοντάς τους τη δυνατότητα να βρίσκουν και να αποκτούν ανταγωνιστικές τιμές σε αποκεντρωμένα ανταλλακτήρια (DEXs). Το καινοτόμο διακριτικό 1INCH προσφέρει τόσο χρηστικές όσο και διοικητικές λειτουργίες στους κατόχους του.

Τι είναι το δίκτυο 1inch;

Το δίκτυο 1inch είναι ένας συγκεντρωτής αποκεντρωμένων ανταλλακτηρίων που βοηθά τους επενδυτές κρυπτονομισμάτων να βρουν τις καλύτερες τιμές και τα χαμηλότερα τέλη για τις συναλλαγές τους στον τομέα του DeFi (αποκεντρωμένη χρηματοδότηση) της αγοράς κρυπτονομισμάτων.

Τα αποκεντρωμένα ανταλλακτήρια χρησιμοποιούν έξυπνα συμβόλαια για να διεκπεραιώνουν συναλλαγές μεταξύ αγοραστών και πωλητών, αξιοποιώντας μια μη θεματοφυλακτική υποδομή. Αυτό διασφαλίζει ομαλές συναλλαγές με την ύψιστη ασφάλεια κεφαλαίων.

Παρόλο που αυτά τα ανταλλακτήρια προσφέρουν αυξημένη ασφάλεια, αυτό δεν οδηγεί πάντα σε αυξημένη ρευστότητα, γεγονός που μπορεί να προκαλέσει το φαινόμενο της ολίσθησης (slippage). Η ολίσθηση αναφέρεται στη διαφορά μεταξύ της αναμενόμενης τιμής μιας συναλλαγής και της πραγματικής τιμής εκτέλεσης. Το πρωτόκολλο 1inch συμβάλλει στην αποφυγή αυτού του προβλήματος και άλλων αναποτελεσματικοτήτων της αγοράς, συνδυάζοντας τη δραστηριότητα συναλλαγών από πολλαπλές αγορές και ενοποιώντας τη ρευστότητα.

Στην ουσία, ο χώρος του DeFi φημίζεται για τις ταχύτατα μεταβαλλόμενες τιμές και τα τέλη συναλλαγών για κρυπτονομίσματα, και το 1inch δίνει λύση σε αυτό το πρόβλημα. Αντί οι επενδυτές να συγκρίνουν χειροκίνητα τιμές σε DEXs, το δίκτυο 1inch συλλέγει δεδομένα τιμών σε πραγματικό χρόνο, συμπεριλαμβανομένων των τελών gas, από κορυφαία ανταλλακτήρια όπως 0x, SushiSwap, Uniswap και Kyber Network, και παρουσιάζει αυτή την πληροφορία στον επενδυτή.

Το δίκτυο υποστηρίζεται από το διακριτικό 1INCH, ένα διακριτικό τύπου ERC-20 που προσφέρει δικαιώματα διακυβέρνησης και συμμετοχή στην επέκταση του δικτύου. Το διακριτικό λειτουργεί τόσο ως χρηστικό όσο και ως διακυβερνητικό εργαλείο, επιτρέποντας στους κατόχους να ψηφίζουν για σημαντικές παραμέτρους του πρωτοκόλλου.

Ποιος δημιούργησε την πλατφόρμα 1inch;

Η 1inch ιδρύθηκε από τον Sergej Kunz και τον Anton Bukov κατά τη διάρκεια του hackathon ETHGlobal New York τον Μάιο του 2019 και βασίζεται στο blockchain του Ethereum. Οι δύο ιδρυτές είχαν προηγουμένως συμμετάσχει μαζί σε hackathons, κερδίζοντας βραβεία.

Ο Sergej Kunz διαθέτει εκτενή εμπειρία στον προγραμματισμό και την ανάπτυξη λογισμικού, έχοντας εργαστεί ως ανώτερος προγραμματιστής στην Commerce Connector, στον οργανισμό Herzog, και σε θέσεις DevOps και κυβερνοασφάλειας στην Porsche.

Με σχεδόν δύο δεκαετίες εμπειρίας στην ανάπτυξη λογισμικού και πέντε χρόνια εξειδίκευσης στο DeFi, ο Anton Bukov έχει συνεισφέρει σε έργα όπως το gDAI.io και το NEAR Protocol.

Τον Αύγουστο του 2020, η 1inch έλαβε χρηματοδότηση 2,8 εκατομμυρίων δολαρίων από την Binance Labs, την Galaxy Digital και άλλες εταιρείες. Αργότερα, τον Δεκέμβριο, συγκέντρωσε άλλα 12 εκατομμύρια δολάρια από διακεκριμένες εταιρείες, συμπεριλαμβανομένων των ParaFi Capital και Pantera Capital. Ένα χρόνο μετά, η 1inch έλαβε 175 εκατομμύρια δολάρια σε νέο γύρο χρηματοδότησης με επικεφαλής την Amber Group.

Πώς λειτουργεί το πρωτόκολλο 1inch;

Σε βασικό επίπεδο, το 1inch λειτουργεί με παρόμοιο τρόπο με ιστοσελίδες κρατήσεων ταξιδιών, καθώς συγκεντρώνει και συγκρίνει τιμές και τέλη συναλλαγών από διάφορα αποκεντρωμένα ανταλλακτήρια.

Η πλατφόρμα βασίζεται σε τρία κύρια πρωτόκολλα: το πρωτόκολλο συγκέντρωσης (aggregation protocol), το πρωτόκολλο ρευστότητας (liquidity protocol) και το πρωτόκολλο ορίου εντολών (limit order protocol).

Το πρωτόκολλο συγκέντρωσης που υπολογίζει τα τέλη gas

Με τη χρήση του 1inch, οι επενδυτές έχουν τη δυνατότητα να πραγματοποιούν συναλλαγές από μία πλατφόρμα, εκμεταλλευόμενοι τα χαμηλότερα τέλη συναλλαγών και τις καλύτερες τιμές σε πολλά DEXs. Το προϊόν Pathfinder βρίσκει τις καλύτερες διαδρομές συναλλαγών μεταξύ πολλών αγορών, λαμβάνοντας υπόψη και τα τέλη gas.

Για παράδειγμα, το σύνθετο πρωτόκολλο μπορεί να κατατμήσει μία συναλλαγή σε πολλά DEXs για την εξασφάλιση της καλύτερης τιμής αγοράς. Η εύρεση των πιο αποδοτικών διαδρομών μπορεί να περιλαμβάνει τη μετατροπή ενός κρυπτονομίσματος σε stablecoin και στη συνέχεια την εύρεση των καλύτερων τιμών σε πολλαπλά ανταλλακτήρια (λαμβάνοντας υπόψη τα χαμηλά τέλη) πριν την εκτέλεση της αρχικής συναλλαγής. Το 1inch αναλαμβάνει όλη την περίπλοκη διαδικασία στο παρασκήνιο, ενώ η συναλλαγή εκτελείται αποτελεσματικά με την καλύτερη τιμή.

Το πρωτόκολλο ρευστότητας για παρόχους ρευστότητας

Το πρωτόκολλο ρευστότητας της πλατφόρμας ενσωματώνει έναν αυτοματοποιημένο διαπραγματευτή αγοράς (AMM) επόμενης γενιάς, ο οποίος όχι μόνο προσφέρει εντυπωσιακές ευκαιρίες για τους παρόχους ρευστότητας, αλλά προστατεύει επίσης τους χρήστες από επιθέσεις front-running που συνήθως σχετίζονται με τις συναλλαγές σε δεξαμενές ρευστότητας.

Το πρωτόκολλο ρευστότητας επιτρέπει στους χρήστες να κερδίζουν παθητικό εισόδημα καταθέτοντας τα κρυπτονομίσματά τους στις αντίστοιχες δεξαμενές ρευστότητας και κερδίζοντας LP tokens ως αντάλλαγμα. Τα LP tokens μπορούν να στοιχηματιστούν ή να ανταλλαχθούν, ενώ τα κρυπτονομίσματα στις δεξαμενές ρευστότητας χρησιμοποιούνται για συναλλαγές που πραγματοποιούνται από τους παρόχους ρευστότητας μέσω του 1inch exchange, ενός αποκεντρωμένου ανταλλακτηρίου.

Για να συμμετάσχουν στο πρωτόκολλο ρευστότητας ή στο 1inch exchange, οι χρήστες χρειάζεται απλώς να συνδέσουν το πορτοφόλι τους και να επιλέξουν τη δεξαμενή ρευστότητας (ζεύγος συναλλαγών) στην οποία επιθυμούν να προσφέρουν ρευστότητα. Επιπλέον, καθώς ο συγκεντρωτής αποκεντρωμένων ανταλλακτηρίων δεν αποθηκεύει κρυπτονομίσματα στους διακομιστές του, οι χρήστες δεν υποχρεούνται να πληρώνουν τέλη ανάληψης ή κατάθεσης όταν χρησιμοποιούν τις υπηρεσίες του 1inch exchange.

Το πρωτόκολλο εντολών ορίου για αποκεντρωμένα ανταλλακτήρια

Θεωρείται μία από τις «πιο καινοτόμες και ευέλικτες ευκαιρίες swap εντολών ορίου στο DeFi». Το πρωτόκολλο εντολών ορίου της 1inch επιτρέπει στους εμπόρους να τοποθετούν πιο προηγμένες και προσαρμοσμένες εντολές, ώστε να εξασφαλίζουν αυτόματα τα κέρδη τους σε συγκεκριμένες τιμές ή να αποφεύγουν ζημίες.

Εκτός από τη δυνατότητα ευέλικτων εντολών ορίου, το πρωτόκολλο προσφέρει χαρακτηριστικά όπως δυναμική τιμολόγηση, επιπλέον υποστήριξη RFQ, και υποστηρίζει διάφορες εφαρμογές.

Τι είναι το token 1INCH;

Το διακριτικό 1INCH είναι ένα διακριτικό ERC-20 που λειτουργεί ως χρηστικό και διακυβερνητικό εργαλείο για την πλατφόρμα. Εκτός από τις λειτουργίες όπως δαπάνη, αποστολή, αποθήκευση και staking, το διακριτικό 1INCH παρέχει επίσης δικαιώματα ψήφου στους κατόχους του για οποιεσδήποτε προτεινόμενες αλλαγές στο πρωτόκολλο.

Πώς μπορώ να αγοράσω το token 1INCH;‍

Οι χρήστες μπορούν εύκολα να ενσωματώσουν το διακριτικό 1INCH στο χαρτοφυλάκιό τους μέσω της ασφαλούς πλατφόρμας της εφαρμογής Tap. Η εύκολη μέθοδος επιτρέπει σε οποιονδήποτε έχει λογαριασμό να συμμετάσχει σε μια άνετη εμπειρία συναλλαγών χρησιμοποιώντας τόσο κρυπτονομίσματα όσο και νομίσματα fiat.

Ανακαλύψτε το οικοσύστημα του 1inch ανοίγοντας έναν λογαριασμό και φορτώνοντας το προτιμώμενο πορτοφόλι σας, στη συνέχεια απλώς εκτελέστε τη συναλλαγή για να αγοράσετε το διακριτικό 1INCH. Τα διακριτικά μπορούν να αποθηκευτούν στο ενσωματωμένο πορτοφόλι ή να χρησιμοποιηθούν στην πλατφόρμα του 1inch exchange ή στις δεξαμενές ρευστότητας, ολοκληρώνοντας μια απλή συναλλαγή. Το μόνο που χρειάζεται να κάνετε για να ξεκινήσετε είναι να κατεβάσετε την εφαρμογή και να δημιουργήσετε έναν λογαριασμό.

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The poundtoken is a blockchain-based stablecoin pegged to the British pound sterling (GBP). With the rising interest in stablecoins, the poundtoken presents the perfect solution for UK-based crypto enthusiasts. As one of the first regulated GBP-based stablecoins, the poundtoken has an impressive and transparent means of ensuring that it is appropriately backed. 

What is poundtoken (GBPT)?

As mentioned above, the poundtoken is a stablecoin pegged to the British pound sterling (GBP), meaning that the poundtoken price will always be equivalent to that of ￡1. The coin is issued by Blackfridge SC Limited, a fintech platform licensed and regulated by the Isle of Man Financial Services Authority. GBPT is the first regulated stablecoin in the British Isles.

Stablecoins are required to hold reserves for each coin in circulation, and poundtoken is no exception. Blackfridge, based in the Isle of Man, holds 100% fiat reserves in segregated accounts in a European bank, and undergoes monthly proof of reserve attestations and annual financial audits by KPMG. 

With 2.45 million tokens as the maximum supply, poundtoken is an excellent option when looking for a GBP-backed stablecoin as it allows for direct GBP access to digital asset exchanges and DeFi (decentralised finance) protocols, while also ensuring frictionless real-time settlements.

Who created poundtoken?

Poundtoken was created by Alan Sun, Michael Crosbie and Nicholas Maybin as a solution to price volatility in the cryptocurrency space. Launched on July 11, 2022, the British Isles regulated GBPT was designed to merge the benefits of blockchain technology and smart contracts with the strengths of a regulated financial product. 

Through its fully vetted audit system, the stablecoin ensures that investors are always in the know regarding its backing and can rest assured knowing that the stablecoin is backed appropriately. This comes as a breath of fresh air when compared to other failed stablecoin projects that have recently collapsed and tainted the crypto image for investors and law enforcement agencies alike.

How does poundtoken work?

For every GBPT released into circulation, ￡1 is held in safeguarded segregated accounts held in a European bank. These funds undergo monthly proof of reserve attestations as well as annual financial audits, both conducted by KPMG.

Poundtoken.io is built on the Ethereum network, while GBPT utilizes the ERC-20 token standard. The stablecoin then uses smart contracts to facilitate the purchase, storage, transaction and transparent collateralisation of the stablecoin.

How does poundtoken comply with strict British financial regulations?

As the first British-regulated stablecoin, poundtoken has attracted much attention from investors in the digital asset markets for its strict auditing process, entirely transparent to the public. Since complying with the rigorous British financial regulation requirements, holders can rest assured knowing that they can redeem their stablecoin for GBP at any given time.

Isle of Man Financial Services Authority

The issuing company, Blackfridge is fully regulated and licensed by the IOMFSA. Through this licensing, Blackfridge is required to hold GBP equal to the value of the tokens issued at all times.

How Can I Buy GBPT?

Users looking to accumulate GBPT can do so conveniently from their Tap account. Simply register an account, and you'll be able to onboard several crypto and fiat currencies. From there you can buy, trade or sell at excellent rates as well as store the currencies in a secure location. 

Tap allows users to deposit several currencies, for example, Bitcoin or USD, and trade them for alternative cryptocurrencies. Through the secure platform and integrated technology, users are able to seamlessly conduct crypto trading at the best market prices available.

With growing pressure to "have it all figured out" consider that since the start of their careers, millennials have seen slower economic growth than any other generation in the United States' history. Living through two recessions wreaks havoc on not only one's career path but finance success too. 

Below we've listed the 5 golden financial tips that every millennial should know when it comes to managing their personal finance. From things you can do now to planning for the future, these simple and actionable steps will assist in making your financial situation that much more of a financial success. 

1. Be prepared for hard times: emergency fund edition

While none of us enjoy emergencies, they are an unfortunate and inescapable part of reality. The best way to deal with them is by being prepared, and this means putting in the work ahead of time. By having a plan in place, you can minimize the stress and damage that these situations cause.

While rule number 1 of financial health is getting yourself out of debt, rule number two is creating an emergency fund. This is considered to be six months' worth of living expenses saved in a savings account so should something go wrong - from unemployment to medical bills to car or household repairs - this doesn't take a negative toll on your personal finance. 

While this is not something one can typically create overnight, consider your budget and how much you can allocate to your emergency fund each month. Then start putting the money aside, even if it takes you a year or two to get there. 

Consider if something went wrong and you needed access to cash fast, would you instead use the money from your emergency fund, or take out high-interest debt in the form of a credit card or personal loan? Note that taking funds from your retirement savings was not an option, and nor should it ever be.

In your path to financial success, always have a plan to fall back on. 

2. Living large is fun, but can your personal finance really afford it? 

Before making big money decisions, you must ask yourself difficult questions.

Before you upgrade your car, consider whether you can really afford it. Aside from the car, there is also insurance and gas and services, can your budget afford to take these on? 

Or when moving apartments, is the upgrade totally necessary, and can your budget handle it? As millennials, we love to live the high life, but just make sure that your budget isn't taking strain and that everything you buy is well within your means. 

3. It's ok to say no sometimes (and avoid credit card debt)

Celebrating with friends and family is a big part of life, but you don't have to say yes to everything, especially if these celebrations are taking a toll on your personal finances. 

When planned ahead of time, one can usually budget for these, but last-minute surprise events come with added pressure. Also, consider that all these functions and events add up, don't get caught off guard "living in the moment" only for your finances (and financial goals) to suffer later. 

Create a budget that outlines exactly what your financial obligations are to establish what you can spend on entertainment and socializing each month. Then, and most importantly, stick to it. If a last-minute event falls outside of this budget, you're well within your means to politely decline. 

Having fun with friends and family is special, but taking a financial knock will only hurt you in the long run. Prioritize your social calendar and don't live beyond your means. 

4. Watch out for direct debits (except to your savings account)

Living in the digital age we find ourselves in now is designed to be stress-free and seamless. Companies are making payments effortless through automatic payments, aka direct debits, but are you entirely aware of all the payments going off your checking account each month? It's very easy to lose track of your expenses when they're all automated. 

When building your budget make sure you go through old statements to make sure that no direct debits are going off your account for services that you no longer use. Ideally, do this quarterly to ensure that you're always on top of your expenses. 

The most NB direct debits should be to your emergency fund, savings account, and any investments (including your retirement fund). These are not considered expenses but are deposits into your future. 

5. Don't be fooled into thinking that retirement is light years away

Your retirement is closer than you think, don't get caught out. Many millennials have seen their parents and grandparents struggle with no retirement planning, break the cycle and make sure that you are prepared with a plan and a solid retirement account.

Don't wait until you're old, start preparing now and reap the rewards when you finally get there. A great way to prepare is to start putting money into long-term investments with compounded interest. These types of accounts ensure that your money works for you. Also, look to passive income options to help you build your retirement account.

Alleviate some of the grey hairs by getting your financial planning started today.

Closing thoughts on achieving financial success

While the economic cycles haven't been good to us, we are resilient and strong and will rise above it. Consider these 5 golden financial tips and build a financial strategy to ensure that you're covered for everything from an emergency to retirement. The first steps to taking the reigns of your personal finance are to write out a monthly budget, allocate funds as necessary, and then stick to your spending frameworks.

If in doubt, contact a financial advisor who can assist with furthering your financial education and provide more in-depth money tips.

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Το IBAN (International Bank Account Number) δημιουργήθηκε αρχικά από την Ευρωπαϊκή Κεντρική Τράπεζα για να διευκολύνει τις διεθνείς μεταφορές χρημάτων. Σήμερα, το IBAN χρησιμοποιείται ευρέως σε πολλές χώρες και αποτελεί βασικό κομμάτι του σύγχρονου τραπεζικού συστήματος.

Σε αυτό το άρθρο θα δούμε τι είναι το IBAN, πώς μοιάζει, πώς διαφέρει από τον κωδικό SWIFT, και πώς μπορείτε να βρείτε τον δικό σας αριθμό.

Τι είναι το IBAN;

Το IBAN είναι ένας διεθνής αριθμός τραπεζικού λογαριασμού, μοναδικός για κάθε λογαριασμό, που έχει σχεδιαστεί για να διευκολύνει και να βελτιστοποιεί τις διεθνείς μεταφορές χρημάτων.

Ουσιαστικά λειτουργεί σαν ένα σύστημα επαλήθευσης, διασφαλίζοντας ότι τα στοιχεία του λογαριασμού είναι σωστά πριν ολοκληρωθεί μια διασυνοριακή συναλλαγή.

Αρχικά χρησιμοποιήθηκε εντός της Ευρωπαϊκής Ένωσης για τη μείωση λαθών στις συναλλαγές, αλλά πλέον έχει υιοθετηθεί και από χώρες εκτός ΕΕ. Από τότε που εφαρμόστηκε, τα λάθη στις διεθνείς μεταφορές χρημάτων έχουν μειωθεί δραστικά, σε λιγότερο από 0,1%.

Πώς μοιάζει ένας αριθμός IBAN;

Ο αριθμός IBAN αποτελείται από έναν συνδυασμό γραμμάτων και αριθμών (έως 34 χαρακτήρες). Δεν πρέπει να συγχέεται με τον αριθμό τραπεζικού λογαριασμού, καθώς το IBAN τον περιλαμβάνει μαζί με άλλα σημαντικά στοιχεία.

Ένας τυπικός αριθμός IBAN περιλαμβάνει:

• Δίγραμμο κωδικό χώρας (π.χ. GR για Ελλάδα)
• Δύο ψηφία ελέγχου
• Κωδικό τράπεζας
• Τον BBAN (Basic Bank Account Number), δηλαδή τον βασικό αριθμό λογαριασμού, ο οποίος διαφέρει ανά χώρα και λειτουργεί ως πρότυπο για εγχώριες πληρωμές

Παράδειγμα IBAN Ηνωμένου Βασιλείου:
GB28VBCD12345612345678

• GB = Κωδικός χώρας
• 28 = Ψηφία ελέγχου
• VBCD = Κωδικός τράπεζας
• 123456 = Sort code
• 12345678 = Αριθμός λογαριασμού

IBAN vs SWIFT – Ποια η διαφορά;

Πολλοί μπερδεύονται ανάμεσα στο IBAN και τον κωδικό SWIFT. Ας ξεκαθαρίσουμε τι κάνει το καθένα.

SWIFT (ή BIC)

Ο κωδικός SWIFT χρησιμοποιείται για την ταυτοποίηση του ιδρύματος (τράπεζας) κατά τη διάρκεια μιας διεθνούς μεταφοράς χρημάτων. Αποτελείται από 8 ή 11 χαρακτήρες και περιλαμβάνει πληροφορίες για την τοποθεσία και το όνομα της τράπεζας.

IBAN

Ο αριθμός IBAN, αντίθετα, χρησιμοποιείται για να ταυτοποιήσει τον τραπεζικό λογαριασμό του παραλήπτη της συναλλαγής. Είναι ένα πρότυπο αναγνώρισης λογαριασμών, εξασφαλίζοντας ότι τα χρήματα μεταφέρονται σωστά και γρήγορα.

Συμπερασματικά:

• Ο SWIFT δείχνει ΠΟΙΑ τράπεζα συμμετέχει.
• Το IBAN δείχνει ΠΟΙΟΣ λογαριασμός εντός αυτής της τράπεζας.
  Και οι δύο είναι σημαντικοί για μια σωστή και ασφαλή διεθνή συναλλαγή.

Πού θα βρείτε το IBAN σας;

Αν αναρωτιέστε πού μπορείτε να βρείτε τον αριθμό IBAN σας, υπάρχουν διάφοροι τρόποι:

• Από το λογαριασμό σας ή το εκκαθαριστικό: Τα περισσότερα τραπεζικά statements αναγράφουν το IBAN σας ξεκάθαρα.
• Από το e-banking σας: Συνδεθείτε στην πλατφόρμα online banking και ελέγξτε τα στοιχεία του λογαριασμού σας. Συνήθως υπάρχει εμφανές πεδίο με το IBAN.
• Καλέστε την τράπεζά σας: Αν δεν μπορείτε να το βρείτε, απλώς επικοινωνήστε με την εξυπηρέτηση πελατών της τράπεζας. Θα χρειαστεί να δώσετε τον αριθμό λογαριασμού και άλλα στοιχεία ταυτοποίησης.

🔍 Προσοχή: Δεν χρησιμοποιούν όλες οι χώρες το IBAN. Αν στέλνετε χρήματα διεθνώς, βεβαιωθείτε ποια μορφή απαιτείται για τον παραλήπτη.

Επιπλέον, το μήκος και η δομή ενός IBAN διαφέρουν από χώρα σε χώρα — οπότε πάντα επιβεβαιώστε ότι τα στοιχεία έχουν καταχωρηθεί σωστά πριν από οποιαδήποτε μεταφορά.

IBAN και επαγγελματικοί λογαριασμοί στην Tap

Ανοίγοντας έναν επαγγελματικό λογαριασμό μέσω της πλατφόρμας Tap, κάθε χρήστης αποκτά αυτόματα έναν μοναδικό αριθμό IBAN.

Αυτός μπορεί να χρησιμοποιηθεί για την παραλαβή διεθνών πληρωμών, με υποστήριξη για πολλαπλά νομίσματα, καλύπτοντας τις ανάγκες διαφόρων κλάδων και επιχειρήσεων.

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The performance of the money markets in 2022 was far from impressive. With inflation on the rise and real estate facing significant speculation, various markets experienced substantial setbacks. This includes the S&P 500, a typically used gauge of economic well-being, which saw a decline of 20%.

Among the fear and uncertainty, it's important to remember that markets ebb and flow and will recover, the only unknown is when this will happen.

While the golden rule is to remain level-headed and not make trades based on emotion (primarily fear), we understand that that's sometimes easier said than done. Remain a successful investor despite the market dip by conquering the emotional aspect of trading and getting a better grip on your investment portfolio.

You've assessed your risk tolerance, researched historical market volatility, and built an investing strategy, now tackle the winds of the bear market head-on with these three valuable tricks to avoid making costly mistakes. 

3 tips on avoiding costly mistakes during market downturn

Investing in the stock market, or any emerging markets is like riding a rollercoaster, when the markets are down the only ones that get hurt are the ones that jump off. It is often more valuable to hold your investment and wait for the markets to recover (and yes, this may take years) than to liquidate a trade and make a permanent loss. 

Consider how long the stock market has been operating and how many bear and bull markets it has experienced. The past performance of market history shows us that it will always correct itself.

1. Don’t abandon your investments

When your retirement account drops in value, it can be tempting to "protect" the remaining funds by selling off high-risk mutual funds or equity securities and moving them into something that is perceived as a "safe option" until the stock market steadies.

However, when investors try to exit the market this way, more often than not they end up losing more money than they would have had they ridden out the rollercoaster. 

Remember, investing is a long-term game and requires a certain level of discipline, consistency, and patience. Financial journeys rarely turn to millionaire status overnight and should be centered around building long-term wealth as opposed to overnight success.

Instead of focusing on day-to-day or month-to-month performances, focus on the bigger picture. When the markets rebound and your balances start to reflect this, you will be grateful you left your diversified portfolio intact.

2. Take advantage of the "discount" prices and keep growing your investment portfolio

According to a study by Allianz Life, 54% of Americans have cut back or altogether stopped savings for retirement due to concerns about inflation. While we know investing involves risk, this can be a very costly mistake in the long run. 

Consider periods of a market downturn as "sales" that offer shares on the stock market at discounted prices. When the markets are down, the same stocks that were previously being traded for high amounts are suddenly going for much less. "Buy the dip" is a popular investment phrase that encourages investors to buy when prices are down. 

If investing when the markets are down makes you nervous, consider the data: historically, stock markets always recover. It might take years or months, but stock prices will return to previous levels, and more than likely exceed these. As will your investment portfolio's balance. 

3. Consider talking to a professional financial advisor

While the main aim is to stick to the straight and narrow of fact-based trading as opposed to emotion-based, there is never a bad time to seek professional help when you think you might need it. A professional financial advisor can advise on questions or ideas you might have for managing your portfolio and might offer some peace of mind during dark times. 

There's never a wrong time to ask for help, and never feel like you need to brave the markets solo. 

Keep your investments on track (stock market and otherwise)

Investing isn't for the faint-hearted, especially when the markets are going through a dip. Consider the 2007 financial crisis for example, it took five years for the markets to recover from rock bottom, and a few more months to reach highs achieved right before the dip.

The markets will always recover, it's how you handle the dips that will determine the success of your investments. If you're ever uncertain, consider talking to a financial advisor who can guide you in the right direction.

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Index funds are an increasingly popular form of investment that offers investors a low-cost, passive way to gain exposure to a broad range of assets. With minimal management fees and no need for active trading decisions, index funds can provide investors with higher returns at lower costs than more traditional forms of investing. 

What is an index fund?

An index fund is a type of mutual fund or exchange-traded fund (ETF) composed of a basket of stocks or bonds that tracks a specific stock market index such as the S&P 500 or Dow Jones Industrial Average. These might also be referred to as index mutual funds.

Unlike actively managed funds, which attempt to beat their respective benchmarks through security selection, index funds strive to replicate their underlying market indexes by holding all (or substantially all) of their components in similar proportions. 

This makes index mutual funds more cost-effective than actively managed funds since they incur fewer trading costs and require less research and fewer management fees. On top of that, since they track established indexes, investors can benefit from the diversification within the asset class without having to pick individual stocks themselves. 

Index funds provide an easy way for investors with any level of experience or resources to access some of the market's best-performing assets at a minimal cost. Index mutual funds are also favored for long-term investment strategies such as retirement funds. 

How do index funds work?

Index funds, also commonly referred to as "indexing", follows a passive form of investing (unlike traditional mutual funds that are typically actively managed funds). Instead of fund managers actively trading a variety of stocks, index funds are built by mirroring the securities of a particular index and holding them. 

The key notion is that by mirroring the profile of the index or stock market, the fund will match its overall performance. For example, over the last thirty years, the S&P 500 has grown an average of 10.7% per annum, which its index mutual fund will mimic.

While the most popular index fund tracks the S&P 500, other prominent index mutual funds include:

The Bloomberg U.S. Aggregate Bond Index

Which tracks the bond market.

The MSCI EAFE Index

Which tracks foreign stocks in Europe, Australasia, and the Far East.

The Dow Jones Industrial Average (DJIA)

Which tracks 30 large-cap companies listed on the stock exchange. 

The index fund portfolio holdings will remain as is unless there is a significant change in the market's benchmark index. Benchmarks are used to measure the performance of the market indexes and will influence whether any changes to the composition of the portfolio need to be made. If changes are necessary, managers will rebalance the percentage of securities as necessary.

Passive vs actively managed funds

Both mutual funds and index funds are great investments, however, they differ slightly in how they operate and the returns one can expect. As with any investment endeavor, investing involves risk.

Actively managed funds

An actively managed investment fund offers investors access to an experienced team of financial professionals or simply a fund manager who makes knowledgeable decisions about where and how to allocate the funds across asset classes. This generally enables larger returns than traditional passive investing.

Typically, many mutual funds are actively managed funds, however, it's best not to assume a fund is actively or passively managed simply based on the fund type. There are plenty of funds that break this rule, like actively managed exchange-traded funds.

The advantages of an actively managed fund are that it can earn higher returns and beat the market index. It's important to note that this is not a guarantee so it's best to check the history of the fund you wish to invest in beforehand and the performance of the team managing it.

It's also worth noting that when the mutual fund sells individual stocks it incurs fees and taxes which will affect the fund's performance. Investors are also required to pay a flat fee despite the performance of the actively managed mutual funds, which could result in the mutual fund underperforming the market index.

Passively managed funds

On the other hand, a passively invested fund mimics a market index and does not have a fund manager or team of fund managers making decisions on what and when to invest.

With passive funds, there are fewer decisions to be made and trades to execute, which allows for less effort and lower fees. Automating the bulk of a passively managed index mutual fund makes it much more cost-effective than paying professionals to determine when and what should be bought or sold.

Typically, an index fund will fall into this category as it does not require full-on management. Once the index on which it will mimic is established, the shares are purchased and the index fund continues with little to no input.

Index funds vs mutual funds

Investors looking to build a portfolio have two popular fund options: index funds and mutual funds. Both types of funds are created by offering diversification through a curated range of stocks and bonds and access to professionally managed investments, but there are some key differences between index funds and mutual funds that investors should be aware of before making their choice. 

Index funds typically carry lower fees than mutual funds, but they also come with fewer features and tend to be more passive in nature. 

Actively managed mutual funds on the other hand provide more flexibility when it comes to customization, as well as access to professionally-managed portfolios which may yield higher returns over time. Understanding how both index and mutual funds work will help investors make an informed decision about which type is right for them.

Is it worth investing in index funds?

Financial professionals will typically agree that index funds are a great way for investors to invest passively in the stock market. Not only do they require little input, but they also offer a low-cost option with a strongly diversified portfolio. Index funds also offer a good investment option for long-term investors.

However, it's important to remember that all investments come with risks, and individual financial situations can vary widely. Before making any investment decisions, it is highly recommended to consult a professional financial advisor who can assess your specific circumstances and provide tailored advice. Their expertise will help you make informed choices aligned with your financial goals and risk tolerance.

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Freelancing is a popular career choice that has grown significantly in recent years due to the rise of the gig economy and the increasing availability of remote work opportunities. The freelance market is made up of self-employed individuals who work independently and provide their services to clients on a project-by-project basis. 

This type of work provides a great deal of flexibility and control over one's own schedule, workload, and earning potential. However, like any career choice, freelancing has both ups and downs. Below we explore what a freelance career might look like, and provide tips on how to be your own boss and a successful freelancer.

What is the gig economy?

The gig economy is a labor market where temporary or flexible jobs are common, and independent workers work on a project or task basis rather than being employed by a company or traditional employer on a long-term basis. 

This type of work is often conducted through digital platforms or apps that connect workers with clients who need their services. Freelance platforms include the likes of Upwork, Fiverr, and Freelancer.com for instance. 

Gig economy jobs can range from driving for ride-hailing services to performing freelance writing or design work. The freelance business allows individuals to work when and where they want, providing them with a great deal of flexibility and control over their work schedules, essentially making them their own boss. 

However, it also comes with challenges such as a lack of job security, no benefits or protections, and potential fluctuations in income. While freelance work sounds attractive, it’s important to consider the skill set needed and whether the ups outweigh the downs in relation to your specific needs and wants. 

Being realistic about freelancing

The freelance business has gained a reputation for offering a very attractive lifestyle, but it still takes work and requires a number of skills and commitments that you, and you alone, will need to front. 

Organization skills

For a successful freelancer, being organized and managing your time effectively is crucial. This means staying on top of your tax obligations, keeping your documents in order, and ensuring that you meet all deadlines. 

Multitasking

In addition, multitasking is a necessary skill for most freelance workers, as you'll likely have to juggle multiple projects simultaneously. This requires effective task prioritization and the ability to switch between different topics seamlessly. 

Strong communication 

Good communication skills are also essential for success, as you'll need to handle difficult clients and know how to ask for guidance when needed. Effective communication is also crucial to a successful freelance career as you will likely need to take the initiative and approach potential clients for work. Promoting your skills and putting yourself out there also requires courage and self-confidence. 

Self-discipline

Perhaps the most crucial for a freelancer freelancing in this day and age is self-discipline. No matter what line of work you pursue, you'll need to stay focused and avoid distractions while working independently, whether it's the temptation of a nap or a social interaction.

The freelance lifestyle may sound flexible, but in reality (more often than not) it is still a full-time job as you are essentially running your own business.

Handle criticism 

Being able to handle constructive criticism is an important trait for freelancers, as you'll often need to accept and respond to feedback that isn't always positive. Remember, even talented freelancers producing high-quality work receive negative feedback.

Self-motivation

Being self-motivated is key when working as a freelancer, as you'll be responsible for managing your own work schedule and meeting deadlines without the guidance of a manager. If you prefer a more social work environment, freelancing may not be the best fit for you as it often involves working independently. 

Financial resilience

Finally, new freelancers should be prepared to have a certain level of financial resilience as there can be uncertainty about when their next paycheck will arrive. When they start freelancing, quiet periods of contract work can be anxiety-inducing for some people.

The upside of freelancing

On the positive side, freelancing allows individuals to work from anywhere, giving them the flexibility and autonomy to balance work and personal life. 

One of the primary advantages of freelancing is the ability to take control of your work schedule. You have the freedom to choose when and where you work, making it much easier to balance your professional and personal commitments. 

Freelancers having the freedom to select their own projects means that they have a great deal of control over the type of work they do, far more than a regular job. You can choose to work on projects you enjoy and are passionate about, and have the ability to set your own rates and choose clients that align with their values. 

Additionally, freelancers have the potential to earn more money than traditional full-time employees as they have the ability to work with multiple clients simultaneously and charge higher rates for their specialized skills.

Another benefit is that your earnings are directly related to your effort and the quality of your work, which gives you a real sense of achievement that you might not feel working in a traditional office environment.

When done right, freelancing can offer a great deal of professional and personal fulfillment. Before you start full-time freelancing, however, be sure to understand the bigger picture of what is required.

The downside of freelancing

One of the most significant challenges for many freelancers is that it can be financially unpredictable, as one's income can fluctuate from month to month, paired with a lack of job security. Additionally, there are no paid vacation days, sick leave, or other benefits that traditional employees enjoy. 

As a freelancer, you'll need to ensure that you're always available to communicate with your clients, which can require a certain level of flexibility. On top of that, freelancers might also need to continuously search for new clients and projects on online marketplaces to maintain their income. 

If you venture into the world of freelancing, it’s important to note that you will also be responsible for all administrative tasks, including accounting, invoicing, tax obligations, and chasing payments, which can be time-consuming and require a great deal of attention to detail. 

Another issue is the isolation that can come with working independently, as freelancers often work from home or their local coffee shop and may not have the same social connections as traditional employees.

Overall, freelancing can be a rewarding career choice, but it requires a significant amount of self-discipline, motivation, and business acumen to be successful. It's important for individuals considering freelancing to weigh the benefits and drawbacks carefully before making the leap.

If you’re unsure whether freelancing is for you, consider slowly taking on one or two freelancing jobs while still working your traditional 9-5. This way you can test the waters with first-hand experience and see if this is something you would like to pursue full-time. 

10 steps to kickstart your successful freelancer career

If you’ve decided to take on a slow transition or full-time shift to freelancing, we’ve put together these 10 steps for you to take in order to build up your portfolio. From finding work on freelancing websites to managing the workload and establishing pricing, here are the tools you’ll need to build your freelance business. 

Step 1: Find your first job

Freelance work can be found through online freelancing platforms, which are a popular option for both freelancers and clients, with recent data showing that 75% of freelancers find work this way. Explore the various freelancing platforms and find which one best caters to your needs. 

Step 2: Build a portfolio of freelance work

To create a successful freelance profile, it needs to make a strong impression and showcase your skills, experience, and personality to potential clients. Consider taking on smaller projects in the beginning that will display your skill set to gain experience. The more you can show, the more interest you can attract. 

Knowing which freelance projects to take on and how to write a winning proposal can be crucial in securing steady work and building a reputation in the industry.

Step 3: Establish your pricing formula

One of the most common questions that freelancers have is how to price their work, as it can be challenging to balance fair compensation with the risk of losing clients to competitors.

There is a fine line between overcharging and scaring away potential business and selling yourself short. Use trial and error to figure out specifically where your skill set lies, and don’t be afraid to check out what other freelancers offering similar skills are charging. 

Remember: Your work is valuable, and your expertise, experience, and dedication deserve to be rewarded.

Step 4: Discuss the job parameters with the client before beginning

Before starting work on a project, it's important to discuss and agree on details with the client, including deadlines, the scope of work, and payment terms. This step is vital and should never be skipped.

Be sure to understand what the client wants and effectively communicate your requirements before spending any time on the project you’ve just landed on. 

Step 5: Manage client expectations

Freelancers need to manage client expectations and maintain a positive working relationship through effective communication and a clear contract. Always start on the right foot by being polite, assertive, and transparent.

Each client will be different so ensure that you navigate these relationships in a tailor-made manner. Ideally, you want to establish a strong client relationship and meet (or hopefully exceed) their expectations. 

Step 6: Manage your time effectively 

You’ve landed the job, now it's time to do the work. Time management is key to productivity and success as a freelancer. Ensure that you are scheduling work during productive hours, using time-tracking software if necessary, and effectively using your time to balance the workload of multiple projects.

Take the time to explore various tips and tricks for managing your time between projects, and build a winning formula that works specifically to your needs. The primary goal here is to maximize your productivity. 

Step 7: Get paid

Getting paid as a freelancer can involve choosing the right payment options, dealing with fees and invoicing, and learning the best course of action for receiving international payments. Tap provides a winning formula that caters to both crypto and top fiat currency payments. 

Unfortunately, this is also the time to learn how to address and handle non-payment issues.

Step 8: Manage your finances

Freelancers need to manage their finances carefully, as income can vary and benefits and tax obligations are the sole responsibility of the freelancer.

Be sure to stay up to date with policies like health and disability insurance, and learn about investing and passive income solutions for retirement and other savings goals. 

Step 9: Level up your freelance career

As a freelancer, there are many opportunities to grow your career and income, such as becoming an agency with other people working under you or teaching others your skills and experience through online courses. 

Step 10: If in doubt, start small

It's possible to balance freelancing with a day job, but it takes planning, determination, and persistence to make it work. This is also a great way to test the market and see if the freelancing life is for you. 

How to navigate the freelance business as a newbie

Now that you have a clear understanding of what freelancing entails, and a to-do list of steps to take to pave your new career path, below are some tips for anyone starting out or looking to become a freelancer. These will come in handy as you navigate the space and ensure that you don’t sell yourself short. 

Be selective about what jobs you take

To showcase your skills and present yourself as an expert, it's important to choose freelance projects that align with your skills and interests, rather than accepting every job that comes your way.

Establish a good pricing formula

Finding the right pricing balance can be tricky - charging too little can make you appear less experienced while overcharging can lead clients to seek out more affordable options. Researching market rates can help you find the right pricing balance.

Keep checking in with clients

Following up with clients after completing a project can lead to more work and strengthen your professional relationship. Consider suggesting additional projects that could benefit the client's business and make a note to check in again in a few months.

Always get a signed contract before starting

Before starting work on a project, always ensure you have a signed contract that outlines the obligations on both sides, including payment terms. Although it may feel awkward to request a contract, it can save time and hassle down the line.

Outsource administrative tasks if necessary

Administrative tasks such as invoicing, accounting, and tax management are important but can be time-consuming.

Consider delegating or automating these tasks to free up more time for paid work. Several millionaires interviewed in a study said that one of their keys to success was recognizing their weaknesses and delegating accordingly. 

Structure your day

To manage your time effectively, create a routine that allows you to balance work and other commitments. Scheduling work during your most productive hours and avoiding leaving work until the last minute can help you maximize productivity.

Stay motivated

Freelancing can be challenging at the beginning, but it's important to persevere and not give up. With experience, you'll gain more confidence and find it easier to secure work and manage your business.

Best of luck with your new venture if you decide to start freelancing.

The world of cryptocurrency is constantly evolving, as are the threats that come with it. As hackers and cybercriminals are always looking for new ways to steal or compromise digital assets, bank-grade security has become a vital component needed when engaging in custodial wallet solutions.

By implementing bank-grade security measures, platforms and services can ensure the safety and protection of customer funds, build trust and confidence with users, and attract new investors. 

The importance of bank-grade security in crypto custodial wallets

When it comes to cryptocurrencies, bank-grade security is crucial for any platform or service that provides custody or storage solutions for digital assets.

It involves a set of protocols, technologies, and procedures that are specifically designed to protect cryptocurrencies from theft, hacking, and other cyber-attacks.

In terms of custodial and non-custodial wallets, custodial wallets have a third-party manage the custody of a user's private keys, assuming responsibility for managing the private key, safeguarding assets, and signing transactions. As the responsibility is now shifted away from the user, it becomes increasingly important that the correct security measures are put in place.

At Tap, we understand the importance of bank-grade security in managing and storing cryptocurrencies. We are committed to providing our clients with the highest level of security measures to ensure the safety and protection of their crypto assets.

So what are the benefits of using bank-grade security when dealing with cryptocurrencies? Before we answer this let's first take a look at the difference between custodial and non-custodial wallets.

Custodial wallets vs non-custodial wallets

Custodial wallets and non-custodial wallets are two types of digital wallets used to store and manage cryptocurrencies. As mentioned above, custodial accounts are provided by third-party services, such as crypto exchanges or wallet providers, and they hold the private keys to the user's cryptocurrencies.

Non-custodial wallets, on the other hand, allow users to hold and manage their own private keys without the involvement of a third-party service.

In terms of security, custodial wallets have some advantages and disadvantages compared to non-custodial wallets. Custodial accounts offer convenience and ease of use, as the third-party service takes care of the security and management of the user's assets. This can be particularly helpful for beginners in the crypto space who may not have the technical knowledge or experience to manage their own wallets.

However, custodial accounts also come with some risks. Since the third-party service holds the private keys, users are essentially trusting the service to keep their assets secure. If the service provider is hacked or experiences a security breach, the user's assets could be lost or stolen. Hence the importance of these services implementing stringent security measures.

Non-custodial wallets such as hardware wallets, on the other hand, offer users complete control over their assets. In this case, the user holds the private key and has full control over their cryptocurrencies ensuring that they are stored and managed securely.

Non-custodial wallets can also be considered more private, as users are not required to share their personal information with a third-party service.

While non-custodial wallets hold one's crypto investments they typically do not provide the range of services offered by a third-party service provider.

Protecting your private keys with bank-grade security measures

First and foremost, bank-grade security offers a high level of protection against cyber threats. Cryptocurrencies are often considered a prime target for hackers and cybercriminals due to their decentralized nature and lack of regulation.

When using a custodial crypto wallet, the platform on which you are storing your cryptocurrencies is therefore responsible for your private key and responsible for keeping your personal information safe.

With bank-grade security measures in place, crypto assets are stored in secure offline wallets, protected by multi-layered encryption, and monitored 24/7 by a team of security experts. This significantly reduces the risk of theft or loss of cryptocurrencies from a crypto wallet.

How bank-grade security can attract institutional investors to crypto

In addition to protecting against cyber threats, bank-grade security also provides peace of mind for investors and traders. When dealing with traditional financial institutions, customers expect a certain level of security and protection for their assets. The same should be true for cryptocurrencies. By implementing bank-grade security measures, platforms and services can build trust and confidence with their customers.

Additionally, bank-grade security can help attract these investors to the world of cryptocurrency. Institutional investors, such as hedge funds and pension funds, often have strict requirements for custody and storage solutions. They need to know that their crypto wallet and assets are secure and protected from theft or loss.

By offering bank-grade security measures, platforms and services can appeal to these investors and open up new opportunities for growth and expansion.

The role of HSMs, multi-factor authentication, and encryption in crypto wallets

Investing in cryptocurrencies requires a high degree of security and protection, and bank-grade security measures are essential to ensure the safety and protection of crypto assets stored in crypto wallets. Hardware security modules (HSMs), multi-factor authentication, and encryption are three critical components of bank-grade security measures that play a significant role in protecting crypto wallets.

HSMs are specialized hardware devices that provide secure storage and management of cryptographic keys. They are designed to prevent unauthorized access to assets by requiring multiple layers of authentication and verification. HSMs are widely used in the financial industry and are considered one of the most secure methods for storing and managing cryptocurrencies.

Multi-factor authentication is another key component of bank-grade security. It involves requiring users to provide more than one form of authentication to access their crypto wallet. For example, a user may be required to enter a password and a one-time code sent to their mobile phone. This significantly reduces the risk of unauthorized access and ensures that only authorized users can access their custodial or non-custodial wallet.

Encryption is also a critical component of bank-grade security. It involves transforming assets into an unreadable format that can only be deciphered with a decryption key. This ensures that even if a hacker manages to access the custodial or non-custodial wallet, they will not be able to read or use them.

By implementing bank-grade security measures, platforms and custodial account services can ensure the safety and protection of their customers' crypto holdings, build trust and confidence, and attract investors.

Bank-grade security vs other types of security measures used by a crypto exchange

What makes bank-grade security different from other types of security measures is the combination of technology and protocols used to securely store the crypto wallet. Crypto exchanges typically implement bank-grade security solutions that include a combination of hardware and software-based security measures, such as HSMs, multi-factor authentication, and encryption.

Looking ahead, the importance of bank-grade security in the world of cryptocurrency exchanges is only going to increase. As more people adopt cryptocurrencies and the market continues to grow, the need for secure storage and custody solutions will become even more pressing. Platforms and custodial account services that can offer bank-grade security measures will be better positioned to compete and succeed in this rapidly evolving industry.

In conclusion

Bank-grade security is essential for anyone who wants to use cryptocurrencies safely and securely. It ensures the protection of custodial wallets and instills a degree of trust in those utilizing the custodial wallets on offer.

Whether you're an investor, trader, or simply someone who wants to store your assets, bank-grade security measures provide peace of mind and protection against cyber threats through implementing strong security measures. At Tap, we take security very seriously and are committed to providing our customers with the highest level of protection for their assets and crypto wallets.

Τι είναι η Bitcoin Pizza Day;

Στην ιστορία των κρυπτονομισμάτων, λίγες στιγμές είναι τόσο εμβληματικές — και τόσο γευστικές — όσο η Bitcoin Pizza Day. Κάθε χρόνο στις 22 Μαΐου, η crypto κοινότητα γιορτάζει την πρώτη πραγματική συναλλαγή με Bitcoin στον κόσμο.

Μπορεί να ξεκίνησε με δυο μεγάλες πίτσες, αλλά έκτοτε έγινε σύμβολο μιας νέας εποχής για τα χρηματοοικονομικά, την τεχνολογία και τον τρόπο που αντιλαμβανόμαστε το χρήμα.

Πίσω στο 2010: Πώς ξεκίνησαν όλα

Στις 18 Μαΐου 2010, ένας προγραμματιστής από τη Φλόριντα, ο Laszlo Hanyecz, δημοσίευσε ένα μήνυμα στο φόρουμ BitcoinTalk:

Ζητούσε δύο μεγάλες πίτσες και ήταν διατεθειμένος να πληρώσει 10.000 Bitcoins για αυτές. Ανέφερε μάλιστα τις προτιμήσεις του στα υλικά και ζήτησε να του τις παραδώσουν στο σπίτι — με στόχο η διαδικασία να είναι όσο πιο απλή γίνεται.

Λίγες μέρες αργότερα, στις 22 Μαΐου, ένας άλλος χρήστης, ο Jeremy Sturdivant (γνωστός και ως jercos), αποδέχτηκε την πρόταση. Ο Laszlo παρέλαβε τις πίτσες του, πληρώνοντας σε BTC — και κάπως έτσι γράφτηκε ιστορία.
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Η πρώτη συναλλαγή Bitcoin στον πραγματικό κόσμο

Αυτή η πίτσα δεν ήταν απλώς ένα δείπνο. Ήταν η πρώτη καταγεγραμμένη χρήση Bitcoin για την αγορά ενός φυσικού προϊόντος.

Τότε, τα 10.000 BTC είχαν αξία περίπου 41 δολάρια. Σήμερα όμως, αυτά τα Bitcoin θα άξιζαν εκατομμύρια. Το γεύμα του Laszlo θεωρείται από τις πιο ακριβές πίτσες στην ιστορία — αλλά και από τις πιο σημαντικές.

Γιατί η Bitcoin Pizza Day είναι τόσο ξεχωριστή;

Η ημέρα αυτή γιορτάζεται κάθε χρόνο από την παγκόσμια crypto κοινότητα, όχι μόνο ως ένα διασκεδαστικό fact, αλλά ως ορόσημο της προόδου.

Πίσω από τη γιορτή κρύβεται:

• η απόδειξη ότι το Bitcoin μπορεί να έχει πραγματική αξία
• η ανάδειξη της κοινότητας που το στήριξε από το μηδέν
• η υπενθύμιση ότι κάθε επανάσταση ξεκινά από κάτι απλό

Από το Bitcoin στη blockchain επανάσταση

Η Bitcoin Pizza Day δεν αφορά μόνο το παρελθόν. Είναι και μια ευκαιρία να κοιτάξουμε μπροστά.

Από τότε, η τεχνολογία blockchain έχει εφαρμογές σε τομείς όπως:

• οι χρηματοοικονομικές υπηρεσίες
• η εφοδιαστική αλυσίδα
• ακόμη και η υγεία

Επιπλέον, έχουν δημιουργηθεί χιλιάδες νέα κρυπτονομίσματα, καθένα με τον δικό του ρόλο, από NFTs μέχρι DeFi εφαρμογές. Το Bitcoin ήταν το πρώτο, αλλά δεν είναι πια το μόνο.

Ένα μάθημα για το μέλλον των crypto

Η ιστορία του Laszlo Hanyecz και των πίτσων του έχει γίνει θρύλος. Όχι μόνο γιατί πλήρωσε μελλοντικά εκατομμύρια για ένα γεύμα, αλλά γιατί απέδειξε πως το Bitcoin λειτουργεί.

Η Bitcoin Pizza Day είναι υπενθύμιση ότι:

• το Bitcoin ξεκίνησε ως πείραμα
• με τη στήριξη μιας παθιασμένης κοινότητας, έγινε παγκόσμιο asset
• το μέλλον των crypto είναι γεμάτο δυνατότητες

Πώς να γιορτάσεις την Bitcoin Pizza Day;

🎉 Παράγγειλε την αγαπημένη σου πίτσα
📲 Μοιράσου μια φωτογραφία με την κοινότητα
💬 Δες πόσο έχει εξελιχθεί το Bitcoin από το 2010
🔗 Αν είσαι νέος στον χώρο, διάβασε το whitepaper του Bitcoin που ξεκίνησε τα πάντα

Considering going on a last-minute travel adventure? While we’ve been programmed to think that last-minute travel equates to more expensive, this isn’t necessarily always the case. In this article, we’re dishing out the top 5 last-minute travel tips and ways in which you can score big and tap into great last-minute travel deals. 

From tips on how to google flights to finding hotel rooms with perks and everything else you might need for your last-minute bookings, we've got you covered right here.
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1) Be flexible

Flexibility is key to saving on any last-minute travel needs you may have. And the number one way of doing so is by being f.l.e.x.i.b.l.e.

Whether it’s with your travel dates, flight times, or destination, flexibility can save you a lot of money in the long run. Accommodation and flight prices depend on a plethora of factors such as whether it's in-season or off-season, if you're only looking at popular destinations, or if there are events taking place nearby at the same time, i.e. a conference.

Be sure to check out a range of options before deciding on a specific date and time, just a day’s difference can equate to hundreds of dollars. You might end up surprised by how much money you can save on your last-minute travel adventure by just going with the flow.
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2) Fly wise, fly cheap

The most significant savings come from hotel deals and package deals—not airplane tickets. Flight prices usually go up in cost as the date of departure gets closer, but there is hope for last-minute travel deals. If you want to fly out of town within the same week that you book your seats, try buying your tickets on a Sunday or Tuesday, airlines frequently discount their fares on these days and offer the best deals.

You'll be saving some decent money by avoiding flying on Fridays and Mondays as fares are expected to be higher since they're the most popular days for weekend travelers. Opt for mid-week travel if possible.

Another top tip that many individuals are unaware of is that their browser keeps track of the terms they search for on a regular basis. If the platform notices that someone is searching for anything related to holidays or last-minute flights, the price will rise.

To avoid paying more for the same thing, make sure to open your browser in an incognito window before you google flights and thus prevent being tracked or leaving a history of your searches. The same applies to airline websites and online travel agencies. Not just a last-minute travel hack, but one to use across all varieties of travel.
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3) Be on the lookout for perks

If you're looking for a more affordable way to vacation, then pay attention to the perks and benefits offered by travel companies and accommodations, especially when it comes to last-minute travel. Consider booking accommodation that includes free breakfast and/or complimentary parking, every little bit helps. 

You will be surprised at how much money some of these perks can save! For instance: free breakfast could save you about $20 to $25 per day while parking can easily range from anything between $30 to $45 a day if you opt to get a rental car.

Always do the math before deciding if a specific accommodation is worth it. Check out platforms like Booking.com, Travago, and a specific hotel website you like for the best deals and last-minute travel options, as well as travel apps for any last-minute deals.
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4) Read the fine print

When it comes to a last-minute trip, be aware of the fine print when booking your flight, adventure, or accommodation. Make sure to read up on their cancellation policies as many airlines now offer relaxed rules for changing plans at short notice which means you may be able to change dates without penalty if necessary.

While last-minute deals and spontaneity are exciting, sometimes life has a way of getting in the way so be sure to know the specific terms of your flights and hotels.
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5) Prep like a pro

If you're looking to travel on a budget, there's more to think about than just withdrawing cash from an ATM. With a little planning ahead, you can become a savvy traveler and save yourself some money - even with last-minute travel!

Many of us have been abroad and had to pay outrageous ATM and credit card fees. And all because we didn’t do our research and plan ahead. By taking your Tap card with you, you’ll save a substantial amount of money on your ATM withdrawal fees and foreign exchange fees thanks to its low to zero fees plans compared to that of traditional banks. 

All operated through the app, you can stay up to date on your transaction history and your balances in real-time, and easily - and instantly - transfer funds between accounts. The card also allows you to swipe at merchants worldwide and make quick payments no matter where in the world you might be.

It's also worth doing your research on whether the place you are traveling to prefers guests paying cash or if it is more card transaction based. You would hate to have to travel around with a wad of cash that is difficult to get rid of.

Be wise

Booking for a honeymoon, anniversary, or simply a romantic getaway? Last-minute travel might not be appropriate for you if you’re set on a particular type of accommodation at a particular location or must go during specific travel dates. 

If everything has to be in harmony with your plans, we would strongly recommend you book ahead of time instead of opting for a last-minute trip. You wouldn’t want to cut corners to save money on your once-in-a-lifetime memories. 

Travel smart to travel far

Embrace all that life has to offer by exploring different corners of the globe and get more bang for your buck with these 5 travel tips. From saving a few bucks here and there, you could end up saving big on your last-minute trip.

Be sure to switch to incognito mode and start searching for your dream holiday, it might be just around the corner! 

The Basic Attention Token (BAT) is a utility token designed to transform the digital advertising space. Developed for the Brave web browser ecosystem, BAT aims to create a fairer and more transparent advertising model for both users and advertisers. By incentivising user attention and rewarding them with BAT for engaging with ads, the Brave browser ecosystem is tackling the inefficiencies and privacy concerns in digital advertising. 

What is Basic Attention Token (BAT)?

Basic Attention Token (BAT) is an Ethereum-based utility token integrated into the privacy-focused Brave browser page. Launched in 2016, Brave aims to revolutionise the digital advertising industry by promoting fairness and transparency between advertisers, publishers, and users.

Users receive cryptocurrency rewards in the form of BAT for viewing ads, which allows publishers to deliver more impactful advertisements. This empowers advertisers to make better use of their budgets and better target their target audience. Users then have the flexibility to hold, exchange, or use BAT to support their favourite content creators.

BAT acts as a settlement currency for publishers within the Brave browser ecosystem, facilitating transactions between advertisers, publishers, and users based on their web activity. This token streamlines business between the three parties.

Since its inception, Brave has gained popularity among crypto users and established partnerships with reputable blockchain companies, cementing its position as a leader in the blockchain-based digital advertising space. Through BAT, which launched in 2018, Brave aims to transform the digital advertising economy.

Who created Basic Attention Token?

Basic Attention Token (BAT) was founded by Brendan Eich and Brian Bondy, two highly regarded individuals in the internet browsing software sector. Eich is the co-founder and former CTO of Mozilla Firefox and the inventor of Javascript while Bondy is an influential software engineer with an impressive resume. 

A year after launching the Brave web browser, the pair launched an initial coin offering for the Basic Attention Token (BAT), raising $35 million in just 30 seconds. Selling 1 billion BAT tokens, this is one of the fastest sell-out ICOs of all time. Half of the tokens sold during the ICO were reserved by Brave Software, the parent company of the platform and token; of which 300 million of the reserved tokens were kept for future sale and promotion while 200 million were allocated to the Brave team. 

According to the website, the BAT token project has a team of 13 members behind it under the guidance of 4 advisors.

How does BAT work?

The Basic Attention Token (BAT) operates on the Brave browser, a privacy-focused platform developed by the team behind the token. Brave is a free browser that prioritises user control, loading pages significantly faster than its competitors. Unlike other browsers, Brave only serves advertisements if users opt-in to view them.

Within the Brave browser, users can participate in the Brave Rewards program, which enables them to earn BAT for their attention. They can choose to view privacy-respecting ads or support their favourite content creators by sending them BAT through the Brave Rewards Creators program. By default, Brave blocks trackers and ads, ensuring a more secure and private browsing experience. When users opt-in to view ads, they are only presented with ads from trusted partners, and they are rewarded in BAT for engaging with them.

Publishers are rewarded with BAT based on user attention to their content, encouraging the delivery of higher-quality ads. This rewards system benefits both publishers, who can generate more revenue, and advertisers, who achieve a better return on investment for their advertising budget.

Additionally, users can exchange BAT for various services on the platform and gain access to select premium content. The ultimate goal is to provide users with more control over their online experience while empowering publishers and advertisers with a more transparent and effective advertising platform.

To track the movement of BAT and facilitate transactions, Brave utilises the Brave Micropayments Ledger. This ledger allows advertisers, publishers, and readers to enter into smart contracts and transfer payments securely. Brave is also exploring the use of zero-knowledge proofs in its blockchain to provide anonymity in online media transactions.

Privacy and security are paramount in the Brave browser. Advertisers on Brave are verified, reducing the risk of fraudulent ads and ensuring a safer browsing experience. Users' private data and tracking information are stored only on their devices, preserving their anonymity.

To address fraud and privacy concerns, Brave and BAT have implemented robust security measures. The browser eliminates third-party traffic sourcing and utilises Basic Attention Metrics (BAM) to reduce fraud. The open-source code is auditable, and attention and engagement are verified using Zero-Knowledge Proof (ZKP) protocols. Ads and payouts are rate-limited, and token awards from the user growth pool are distributed gradually to discourage bot operations.

What is the BAT token?

In traditional advertising, advertisers pay rates based on the number of viewers their ads receive. With no guarantee that these viewers are paying attention, BAT seeks to address this issue by incentivising users to pay attention to ads.

When users view ad content on the Brave browser, they are rewarded with BAT tokens as a form of revenue sharing while the publishers and advertisers are rewarded for the most active advertising campaigns. These Brave rewards incentivize users to engage with the ads and provide advertisers with the assurance that their ads are being seen by an attentive audience. Advertisers are willing to pay a premium for this undivided attention.

BAT can be exchanged for cash or held in a digital wallet. Additionally, it can be traded on various cryptocurrency exchanges, allowing users to buy or sell BAT tokens. It's important to note that BAT has a limited supply, initially capped at one billion BAT tokens but later revised to 1.5 billion.

The Basic Attention Token price is influenced by the price of Ethereum since it is an ERC-20 token built on the Ethereum blockchain. As the price of Ethereum fluctuates, the Basic Attention Token price will adjust proportionally.

At the time of writing, the Basic Attention Token had a circulating supply of 1.49 billion BAT tokens, 99% of the maximum total supply.

How can I buy Basic Attention Token?

Whether you're interested in exploring the Basic Attention Token ecosystem or expanding your investment portfolio, you have the convenient option to purchase or sell Basic Attention Token tokens directly through the Tap app.

Tap is a fully licensed and regulated fintech platform that provides a secure avenue not only for purchasing BAT tokens but also for trading, storing, and utilising them. The integrated technology also ensures that traders have access to the top Basic Attention Token price at all times.

To get started, simply download the app, create an account, and complete a quick identity verification process, a legal requirement that typically takes less than 5 minutes. Once your account is set up, you can deposit either cryptocurrency or fiat funds and immediately tap into the coin's circulating supply by trading BAT tokens. The platform supports various leading cryptocurrencies and fiat currencies, enabling individuals from anywhere in the world to empower their financial journey.

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In a world where markets fluctuate and investments rise and fall, understanding market volatility is key to making informed choices. Whether you're a novice investor, an aspiring trader, or simply curious about the financial landscape, this article will empower you with a concise explanation of volatility. By the end, you'll be equipped with the knowledge to navigate through uncertain times and seize opportunities when they arise.

What is volatility?

In the dynamic world of finance and investing, volatility stands as a powerful force that can influence markets and impact investment outcomes. But what exactly is volatility? At its core, volatility is a statistical measure of variation or fluctuation in the value of an asset or market index over a specific period. It paints a picture of the price fluctuations of the financial instrument, showcasing the twists and turns it experiences along the way.

Understanding volatility is crucial for anyone seeking to make informed choices in the financial realm. By comprehending this concept, you gain the ability to navigate through uncertain times and seize opportunities when they arise. Volatility is not just about random price movements, it carries meaning, insights, and opportunities for those who can decipher its patterns.

Measuring volatility involves a range of calculation methods, with volatility indicators like standard deviation and Bollinger Bands providing valuable insights. These measurements help quantify the speed and magnitude of price changes, giving investors and traders a clearer picture of an asset's behavior.

What drives volatility? 

Economic indicators, market conditions, and even investor sentiment play significant roles in shaping volatility levels. Understanding these factors can help you anticipate and interpret market movements, empowering you to make more informed decisions about any financial instrument.

It is important to note that volatility is not something to fear. Instead, it is an essential element of any market that offers opportunities for growth and profit. By embracing volatility and equipping yourself with the knowledge to navigate its ebbs and flows, you can embark on a journey that leads to greater financial empowerment and success.

How to measure volatility

When it comes to calculating volatility, there are several calculation methods that provide insights into the degree of price fluctuation and market dynamics. Let's explore three commonly used volatility measures: standard deviation, Bollinger bands and average true range.

Standard deviation

Standard deviation is a widely used statistical tool for measuring volatility. It quantifies the variability of an asset's returns from its average market price. A greater standard deviation indicates high volatility. By calculating the standard deviation of historical price data, investors and analysts can assess the asset's typical price movements and potential risk. 

This measurement helps provide a statistical framework for understanding volatility patterns and making informed decisions.

Bollinger bands

Bollinger bands are another popular tool for measuring volatility. They consist of three lines plotted on a price chart. The middle line represents a moving average, while the upper and lower lines depict bands that are typically two standard deviations away from the average price. 

The width of the bands expands and contracts based on the asset's price volatility. Narrower bands suggest low volatility, while wider bands indicate high volatility. Traders often use Bollinger bands to identify potential price breakouts or reversals, making it a practical tool for short-term trading strategies.

Average True Range (ATR)

The Average true range is a volatility indicator that measures the average trading range of a financial asset over a given period. It takes into account the asset's daily highs and lows, capturing the true extent of price movement. A higher ATR suggests higher volatility, while a lower ATR indicates lower volatility.

The ATR helps investors and traders gauge the potential range of price trends and set appropriate stop-loss levels or profit targets. It can be particularly useful for determining position sizes and managing risk in various trading strategies.

These three measurements provide valuable insights into volatility, allowing market participants to assess risk, identify opportunities, and make informed decisions. By incorporating these tools into their analysis, individuals can navigate the ever-changing market landscape with greater confidence and precision.

Three main factors affecting market volatility

Volatility in financial markets is influenced by a multitude of factors, ranging from economic indicators to market conditions and investor sentiment. Understanding these factors is crucial for comprehending the drivers behind volatility and making informed decisions on how to trade volatility. Let's explore three key factors that can affect volatility:

Economic indicators

Economic indicators, such as GDP growth, inflation rates, interest rates, and employment figures, have a significant impact on market volatility. Positive economic data can boost investor confidence and lead to periods of low volatility, while negative or unexpected data can create uncertainty and increase volatility. Traders and investors closely monitor these indicators to gauge the health of the economy and anticipate potential market movements.

Market conditions

Market conditions, including geopolitical events, industry trends, and regulatory changes, can greatly influence stock prices and therefore volatility. Geopolitical tensions, such as trade disputes or political instability, can create uncertainty and volatility in global markets. Similarly, changes in industry dynamics, technological advancements, or shifts in consumer behavior can disrupt established market patterns, leading to increased volatility.

Investor sentiment

The collective sentiment and behavior of market participants play a significant role in driving volatility. Investor optimism or pessimism can lead to exaggerated price movements and heightened volatility. Factors such as market psychology, fear, and greed can influence how investors interpret and respond to market information. Understanding and monitoring investor sentiment can provide insights into potential market shifts and the overall level of volatility.

It's important to note that these factors interact with one another, creating a complex web of influences on volatility. Keeping a close eye on economic indicators, staying informed about market conditions, and gauging investor sentiment can help individuals navigate volatile markets and make empowered decisions. 

By recognizing and analyzing these factors, investors and traders can better understand the underlying forces driving volatility and position themselves for success.

Types of volatility

There are two primary types of volatility: historical and implied. 

Historical volatility

Historical volatility, a reflection of an asset's past price movements, plays a vital role in understanding an investment's risk and potential reward. By examining an asset's historical price data over a specific period, investors can gain valuable insights into its typical fluctuations.

This knowledge empowers them to assess the level of risk associated with the investment at hand. Higher historical volatility signals a greater likelihood of significant price swings, while lower historical volatility indicates more stable price behavior. Armed with an understanding of an asset's historical volatility, investors can make informed decisions, effectively manage risk, and devise appropriate investment strategies tailored to their risk tolerance and goals.

Implied volatility

A powerful concept derived from options pricing, implied volatility measures the market's collective expectations regarding future price movements of the underlying asset. It serves as a measure of perceived uncertainty surrounding the underlying asset's future performance.

By examining implied volatility, investors can gauge the market participants' outlook and sentiment, providing valuable insights into potential price movements. Higher implied volatility suggests increased anticipated price fluctuations, while lower implied volatility signifies a more subdued market outlook.

Understanding implied volatility equips investors with a deeper understanding of market sentiment, enabling them to make more informed decisions and adjust their strategies accordingly to capitalize on opportunities in the market.

Understanding both historical and implied volatility allows traders to develop effective strategies in different market conditions.

What volatility means for trading vs investing in the stock market

Volatility plays a distinct role for traders and investors in the stock market. For investors, volatility represents risk and the potential for higher returns. They must carefully assess their risk tolerance and investment horizon when navigating through volatile markets. Long-term investors often view volatility as an opportunity to buy assets at discounted prices, confident that the market will eventually stabilize and provide favorable returns over time.

Traders, on the other hand, embrace volatile assets as they present short-term opportunities for gains. They capitalize on rapid price movements by executing timely buy and sell orders, aiming to profit from the volatility itself. Traders employ various strategies, such as momentum trading or breakout trading, to take advantage of price swings that occur during volatile market conditions.

Businesses also feel the impact of volatility as they plan budgets, manage supply chains, and make strategic decisions. Fluctuating prices and uncertain market conditions can significantly impact profitability and operational stability. Businesses must develop contingency plans and risk management strategies to navigate through periods of heightened volatility.

In summary, while volatile assets carry risk, they also offer opportunities. Understanding the implications of volatility is vital for all stakeholders involved in the stock market, allowing them to make informed decisions and navigate through dynamic market conditions.

Tips on how to manage volatility in markets

Managing volatility in the financial markets can be a daunting task, but there are strategies that can help individuals navigate uncertain times and mitigate risks. Here are some tips for managing volatility:

Diversify your portfolio

One of the fundamental principles of managing volatility is diversification. By spreading your investments across different asset classes, sectors, and geographic regions, you can reduce the impact of volatility on your portfolio. Diversification helps to ensure that if one investment performs poorly, others may offset the losses, providing a more balanced approach to risk management.

Set realistic expectations

Volatility is an inherent characteristic of the markets, and it's essential to set realistic expectations. Avoid chasing short-term gains or trying to time the market during volatile periods. Instead, focus on long-term goals and develop a disciplined investment strategy that aligns with your risk tolerance and financial objectives.

Maintain adequate liquidity

Having sufficient liquidity is crucial during periods of volatility. It provides the flexibility to take advantage of opportunities that may arise and helps you weather market downturns without having to make hasty or unplanned investment decisions. Keeping a portion of your portfolio in cash or highly liquid assets can provide a buffer and peace of mind.

Stay informed and educated

Knowledge is power when it comes to managing volatility. Stay informed about market trends, economic indicators, and global events that can impact the financial markets. Continuously educate yourself about investment strategies, risk management techniques, and asset allocation. By staying informed, you can make more informed decisions and react appropriately to changing market conditions.

Maintain a long-term perspective

Volatility can tempt investors to make impulsive decisions based on short-term fluctuations. However, maintaining a long-term perspective is vital for success. Understand that markets go through cycles, and volatility is often temporary. Stick to your investment plan, avoid emotional reactions, and focus on the underlying fundamentals of your investments.

Consider risk management techniques

In addition to diversification, consider risk management techniques such as setting stop-loss orders, using trailing stops, or implementing hedging strategies. These tools can help protect against sudden market downturns and limit potential losses.

Remember, managing volatility is about accepting that it's a natural part of investing. By following these tips and maintaining a disciplined approach, you can navigate through volatile periods with more confidence, make informed decisions, and potentially seize opportunities that arise.

Volatility across different markets

Volatility is not limited to the financial world; it pervades various industries, each with its own unique dynamics. In the realm of finance, stock markets are particularly prone to volatility. Factors such as company earnings, economic indicators, and investor sentiment can drive rapid price fluctuations. Understanding these drivers and monitoring market trends can help investors adjust their strategies and make well-informed decisions to navigate through volatile stock markets.

Cryptocurrencies have gained significant attention due to their unprecedented volatility. The prices of cryptocurrencies can surge or plummet within a matter of hours or even minutes. Factors such as regulatory developments, technological advancements, and market speculation can trigger intense price swings. Individuals investing or trading in cryptocurrencies need to be prepared for this inherent volatility and develop strategies that account for the unique characteristics of this asset class.

Commodity markets, encompassing resources such as oil, gold, and agricultural products, also experience considerable volatility. Supply and demand dynamics, geopolitical factors, and natural disasters can all contribute to price fluctuations. Traders and businesses operating in these markets must stay attuned to global events and industry-specific factors to manage risks effectively and capitalize on potential opportunities arising from volatile commodity prices.

By recognizing the varying indications of volatility in different fields, investors, traders, and businesses can adapt their strategies and decision-making processes accordingly. This understanding allows for the development of sector-specific expertise and the implementation of risk management techniques tailored to the particular industry's volatility.

Always remember that navigating volatility in these specific fields requires vigilance, adaptability, and a deep understanding of the unique factors at play.

In conclusion

Volatility, in its simplest form, refers to the degree of variation or fluctuation in the price or value of an asset. It measures the speed and magnitude of price changes over a given period. It is an inherent aspect of financial markets, but it doesn't have to be a barrier to success. By comprehending the concept of volatility, understanding its measurement methods, and recognizing the factors that drive it, you can make informed choices. 

Empowered with this knowledge, you can navigate through uncertainty, capitalize on opportunities, and weather the storm when markets become turbulent. Remember, volatility is not negative, it's a dynamic force that, when harnessed wisely, can lead to rewarding outcomes.

Τι είναι η καθαρή αξία;

Η καθαρή αξία (net worth) είναι ένας συνολικός δείκτης που αντικατοπτρίζει τη συνολική σου οικονομική εικόνα. Προκύπτει από τη διαφορά ανάμεσα στα περιουσιακά σου στοιχεία και τις υποχρεώσεις σου.

Σε αντίθεση με το εισόδημα, που δείχνει τι κερδίζεις σε συγκεκριμένο χρονικό διάστημα, η καθαρή αξία σου δίνει μια πιο μακροπρόθεσμη οπτική: τι έχεις – μείον τι χρωστάς.

Η κατανόηση της καθαρής αξίας σου βοηθά να αξιολογήσεις την οικονομική σου πορεία, να θέσεις ρεαλιστικούς στόχους και να πάρεις πιο ενημερωμένες αποφάσεις.

Τι επηρεάζει την καθαρή αξία σου;

Εισόδημα

Το εισόδημά σου αποτελεί βασικό στοιχείο για τη δημιουργία περιουσίας. Μπορεί να προέρχεται από εργασία, επενδύσεις ή επιπλέον δραστηριότητες. Όμως, η διαχείριση των εξόδων παίζει εξίσου σημαντικό ρόλο με τα έσοδα.

Περιουσιακά στοιχεία

Είναι όλα όσα κατέχεις και έχουν αξία – από αποταμιεύσεις και μετοχές έως ακίνητα και οχήματα. Όσο πιο ποιοτικά και διαφοροποιημένα είναι τα assets σου, τόσο περισσότερες δυνατότητες έχεις να αυξήσεις την καθαρή σου αξία.

Υποχρεώσεις και χρέη

Κάθε τι που χρωστάς – όπως στεγαστικό δάνειο, φοιτητικό δάνειο ή κάρτες – μειώνει την καθαρή σου αξία. Η μείωση των υποχρεώσεων και ο έλεγχος των χρεών σου είναι κομβικά για την ενίσχυση της οικονομικής σου κατάστασης.

📌 Τύπος: Καθαρή αξία = Περιουσιακά στοιχεία – Υποχρεώσεις

Πώς να υπολογίσεις την καθαρή σου αξία

Είτε θες να βελτιώσεις την οικονομική σου κατάσταση είτε απλώς να δεις πού βρίσκεσαι, ξεκίνα από εδώ:

1. Κατέγραψε όλα τα περιουσιακά σου στοιχεία και την εκτιμώμενη αξία τους.
2. Κατέγραψε τις υποχρεώσεις σου, όπως δάνεια και κάρτες.
3. Αφαίρεσε το σύνολο των υποχρεώσεων από το σύνολο των περιουσιακών στοιχείων.

Κάνε τον υπολογισμό τακτικά για να βλέπεις την πρόοδο σου και να εντοπίζεις ευκαιρίες βελτίωσης.

Παράδειγμα θετικής καθαρής αξίας

Ας δούμε το παράδειγμα της Σάρα:

Περιουσιακά στοιχεία

• Κατοικία: 400.000€
• Αποταμιεύσεις: 50.000€
• Επενδύσεις: 150.000€
• Συνταξιοδοτικό λογαριασμό: 200.000€
• Αυτοκίνητο: 20.000€

Σύνολο: 820.000€

Υποχρεώσεις

• Υπόλοιπο στεγαστικού δανείου: 200.000€
• Φοιτητικό δάνειο: 30.000€

Σύνολο: 230.000€

Καθαρή αξία

820.000€ – 230.000€ = 590.000€

Η καθαρή αξία της Σάρα είναι θετική και δείχνει ότι έχει διαχειριστεί αποτελεσματικά τα οικονομικά της.

Παράδειγμα αρνητικής καθαρής αξίας

Ο Μάρκος βρίσκεται σε διαφορετικό σημείο:

Περιουσιακά στοιχεία

• Αυτοκίνητο: 10.000€
• Προσωπικά αντικείμενα: 5.000€

Σύνολο: 15.000€

Υποχρεώσεις

• Φοιτητικό δάνειο: 50.000€
• Χρέη σε κάρτες: 8.000€
• Ιατρικά έξοδα: 3.000€

Σύνολο: 61.000€

Καθαρή αξία

15.000€ – 61.000€ = –46.000€

Αυτό δείχνει ότι οι οικονομικές του υποχρεώσεις υπερβαίνουν σημαντικά την περιουσία του.

Γιατί αξίζει να αυξήσεις την καθαρή σου αξία;

1. Οικονομική ασφάλεια: Έχεις περισσότερα αποθέματα για δύσκολες περιόδους.
2. Επίτευξη στόχων: Μπορείς να κυνηγήσεις όνειρα, όπως σπίτι, σπουδές ή ταξίδια.
3. Συσσώρευση πλούτου: Χτίζεις περιουσία με μακροπρόθεσμο αντίκτυπο.
4. Καλύτερες ευκαιρίες: Περισσότερες επιλογές σε δάνεια, συνεργασίες ή επενδύσεις.
5. Ελευθερία κινήσεων: Έχεις τη δυνατότητα να πάρεις αποφάσεις χωρίς οικονομικούς περιορισμούς.
6. Ηρεμία: Μειώνεις το άγχος γύρω από τα οικονομικά σου και αισθάνεσαι μεγαλύτερη σιγουριά.

Συμβουλές για την αύξηση της καθαρής σου αξίας

Έλεγξε έσοδα και έξοδα

• Ενίσχυσε το εισόδημά σου με νέες δεξιότητες ή έξτρα πηγές.
• Περιόρισε περιττές δαπάνες.
• Απόθεσε μέρος του εισοδήματός σου για αποταμίευση ή επένδυση.

Ανάπτυξε τα περιουσιακά σου στοιχεία

• Δημιούργησε διαφοροποιημένο χαρτοφυλάκιο.
• Ενημερώσου για επενδυτικές ευκαιρίες σε ακίνητα ή μετοχές.
• Προσαρμόσου στις μεταβολές της αγοράς.

Μείωσε χρέη

• Ξεκίνα με τα δάνεια υψηλού επιτοκίου.
• Εξέτασε επιλογές αναχρηματοδότησης.
• Φτιάξε ένα ρεαλιστικό πλάνο αποπληρωμής.

Μακροπρόθεσμος σχεδιασμός

• Δημιούργησε ένα ταμείο έκτακτης ανάγκης.
• Οργάνωσε τη συνταξιοδότησή σου.
• Αν χρειάζεσαι καθοδήγηση, συμβουλεύσου οικονομικό σύμβουλο.

Συμπέρασμα

Η καθαρή αξία δεν είναι απλώς ένας αριθμός – είναι εργαλείο. Μέσα από την κατανόηση και την τακτική παρακολούθησή της, μπορείς να πάρεις τον έλεγχο της οικονομικής σου ζωής. Με σταθερά βήματα και έξυπνες επιλογές, έχεις τη δυνατότητα να βελτιώσεις την οικονομική σου πορεία και να δημιουργήσεις ένα πιο σίγουρο αύριο.

ο trading αναφέρεται στη διαδικασία αγοράς και πώλησης περιουσιακών στοιχείων στις χρηματοοικονομικές αγορές, όπως μετοχές, νομίσματα, ομόλογα και εμπορεύματα. Σε αντίθεση με την επένδυση, που εστιάζει στη μακροχρόνια κατοχή, το trading στοχεύει στο άμεσο κέρδος από τις διακυμάνσεις τιμών.

Η επιτυχία στον χώρο του trading απαιτεί συνέπεια και στρατηγική. Ας δούμε αναλυτικά τι είναι το trading και πώς λειτουργεί.

Τι είναι το trading;

Το trading είναι η πρακτική της αγοράς και πώλησης χρηματοοικονομικών προϊόντων με σκοπό το κέρδος. Αυτά μπορεί να είναι μετοχές, ομόλογα, κρυπτονομίσματα και πολλά άλλα, με κάθε asset να έχει τη δική του αξία, η οποία μεταβάλλεται καθημερινά.

Η ουσία του trading βασίζεται στην εκμετάλλευση των μεταβολών τιμών: αγοράζεις σε χαμηλή τιμή και πουλάς σε υψηλότερη.

Τα διάφορα assets διαπραγματεύονται σε εξειδικευμένες αγορές. Για παράδειγμα, τα νομίσματα ανταλλάσσονται στη forex αγορά, ενώ οι μετοχές σε χρηματιστήρια όπως το New York Stock Exchange ή το Χρηματιστήριο του Χονγκ Κονγκ.

Συνολικά, υπάρχουν πάνω από 17.000 χρηματοοικονομικά assets που μπορεί να διαπραγματευτεί κανείς.

Πώς λειτουργεί το trading;

Η διαδικασία ξεκινά με την είσοδο στην αγορά μέσω αγοράς ενός asset. Αν η τιμή ανέβει, μπορείς να το πουλήσεις για κέρδος. Αν πέσει, είτε πουλάς με ζημία, είτε περιμένεις ανάκαμψη.

Οι τιμές στις αγορές επηρεάζονται κυρίως από προσφορά και ζήτηση. Όταν υπάρχει υψηλή ζήτηση, οι τιμές ανεβαίνουν. Όταν κυριαρχούν οι πωλητές, οι τιμές πέφτουν.

Το trading μπορεί να γίνει:

• Μέσω ανταλλακτηρίου (exchange): Η αγορά καθορίζει την τιμή και διευκολύνει τις συναλλαγές.
• OTC (Over-the-counter): Η συναλλαγή γίνεται απευθείας μεταξύ των δύο μερών, χωρίς επίσημη πλατφόρμα.

Είτε διαπραγματεύεσαι μετοχές είτε νομίσματα, η βασική αρχή της αγοράς και πώλησης παραμένει η ίδια.

Ποια assets μπορεί να διαπραγματευτεί κάποιος;

Υπάρχουν πολλά διαθέσιμα χρηματοοικονομικά προϊόντα. Ας δούμε τα πιο δημοφιλή:

Μετοχές (Stocks)

Οι μετοχές αντιπροσωπεύουν ένα ποσοστό ιδιοκτησίας σε μια εταιρεία. Το trading μετοχών αφορά την αγορά και πώληση αυτών των μεριδίων, ανάλογα με τη δυναμική της αγοράς.

Forex

Η αγορά συναλλάγματος περιλαμβάνει τη διαπραγμάτευση ζευγών νομισμάτων, π.χ. EUR/USD. Ο trader αγοράζει ένα νόμισμα και ταυτόχρονα πουλά το άλλο, προβλέποντας κινήσεις στην ισοτιμία.

Ομόλογα (Bonds)

Τα ομόλογα είναι δανειακά εργαλεία όπου ο εκδότης (συνήθως κράτος ή εταιρεία) αναλαμβάνει να επιστρέψει το κεφάλαιο και τόκους σε συμφωνημένο χρόνο.

ETFs

Τα ETFs (Exchange Traded Funds) παρακολουθούν την απόδοση διαφόρων περιουσιακών στοιχείων, προσφέροντας διασπορά και μειωμένο ρίσκο.

Κρυπτονομίσματα

Τα crypto είναι ψηφιακά assets που διαπραγματεύονται σε ανταλλακτήρια. Είναι αποκεντρωμένα και χαρακτηρίζονται από έντονες διακυμάνσεις τιμών.

Δείκτες (Index Funds)

Οι δείκτες αποτυπώνουν την πορεία μιας ομάδας μετοχών. Διαπραγμάτευση δεικτών σημαίνει έκθεση σε ολόκληρους τομείς ή αγορές.

Εμπορεύματα (Commodities)

Αφορούν πρώτες ύλες όπως μέταλλα, ενέργεια, αγροτικά προϊόντα. Συνήθως διαπραγματεύονται μέσω συμβολαίων μελλοντικής εκπλήρωσης (futures).

Χρηματιστήριο vs Forex

Το χρηματιστήριο αφορά τη διαπραγμάτευση μετοχών και άλλων χρεογράφων, με τις συναλλαγές να γίνονται μέσα από επίσημα ανταλλακτήρια.

Αντίθετα, η αγορά forex είναι αποκεντρωμένη και λειτουργεί 24 ώρες το 24ωρο. Οι συναλλαγές γίνονται ηλεκτρονικά και περιλαμβάνουν τράπεζες, brokers και ιδιώτες traders.

Γενικά:

• Το trading μετοχών απαιτεί υψηλότερο αρχικό κεφάλαιο και έχει μεγαλύτερες χρεώσεις.
• Η αγορά forex προσφέρει μεγαλύτερη ρευστότητα και απαιτεί μικρότερη αρχική επένδυση.

Τέσσερις διαφορετικοί τρόποι trading

Υπάρχουν διαφορετικά στυλ trading, ανάλογα με τον χρόνο, τη στρατηγική και το προφίλ ρίσκου του trader:

1. Day Trading

Αγορά και πώληση μέσα στην ίδια μέρα. Στόχος είναι το κέρδος από βραχυπρόθεσμες διακυμάνσεις.

Απαιτεί χρόνο, προσοχή και συχνές συναλλαγές, που σημαίνει περισσότερα κόστη αλλά και ευκαιρίες.

2. Position Trading

Μακροπρόθεσμο trading. Βασίζεται στην ανάλυση τάσεων και μπορεί να διαρκεί από ημέρες έως μήνες.

Ο trader παρακολουθεί την πορεία της αγοράς και τοποθετείται προς την κατεύθυνση της τάσης.

3. Swing Trading

Στόχος είναι να αξιοποιηθεί η μεταβατική φάση ανάμεσα σε τάσεις. Οι θέσεις κρατούνται συνήθως για μερικές ημέρες.

Εστιάζει κυρίως σε τεχνική ανάλυση και απαιτεί λιγότερο χρόνο σε σχέση με το day trading, αλλά περισσότερη ακρίβεια στις αποφάσεις.

4. Scalping

Γρήγορες συναλλαγές για μικρά κέρδη σε πολύ σύντομα χρονικά διαστήματα.

Οι scalpers επικεντρώνονται σε πολύ ρευστές αγορές και εκτελούν δεκάδες μικρές συναλλαγές μέσα σε μια μέρα. Απαιτεί χρόνο, ταχύτητα και υψηλό αρχικό κεφάλαιο.

Trading vs Επένδυση

Το trading και η επένδυση διαφέρουν σημαντικά:

• Trading σημαίνει αγορά και πώληση με στόχο το άμεσο κέρδος, χωρίς απαραίτητα να διατηρείται η κατοχή του asset.
• Επένδυση σημαίνει μακροπρόθεσμη κατοχή περιουσιακών στοιχείων, με στόχο την αύξηση της αξίας τους με τον καιρό.

Οι επενδυτές μπορεί να απολαμβάνουν μερίσματα και δικαιώματα ψήφου, κάτι που δεν προσφέρει το trading.

Συμπεράσματα

Το trading αφορά την αγορά και πώληση χρηματοοικονομικών προϊόντων όπως μετοχές, νομίσματα, εμπορεύματα και άλλα, με σκοπό την αξιοποίηση των μεταβολών τιμών.

Ανεξαρτήτως της αγοράς ή του asset, το trading βασίζεται σε στρατηγικές, αναλύσεις και σωστές αποφάσεις την κατάλληλη στιγμή.

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Public and private keys are integral to the use of cryptocurrencies. They not only allow people to send and receive cryptocurrencies but also to maintain the security and ownership of the funds. Private and public keys are generated when one creates a digital wallet.

What is a private key?

Every cryptocurrency wallet consists of a public key and a private key. Anyone can deposit cryptocurrency into a public address (public key), but no one except the owner of the corresponding private key can remove funds from that same account.

A private key, also known as a secret key, is a random string of numbers and/or letters used to protect one's cryptocurrency wallet and receive crypto transactions, similar to a pin code for a bank account. Private keys prove ownership of one's wallet address, protect it from unauthorized access and theft, and are used to sign transactions on the blockchain. 

Private keys are used in conjunction with an algorithm to encrypt or decrypt data. The holder of the private key should be the only one who knows it, as this secrecy is what gives the private key its power. The golden rule is to keep your private key safe.

Private key vs public key

Public and private keys are mathematically linked to each other and relevant to only one blockchain wallet. A public key can be compared to your traditional bank account while the private key is akin to the pin code to access this account. 

Users would share the public key with anyone looking to transfer funds to their crypto wallet, however, under no circumstances should your unique private key ever be shared with anyone. It is also strongly recommended that one stores their private key offline in a safe space, and not on a desktop or accessible location (in the event of a hack).

When one loses their private key, whether lost or maliciously taken, they will lose access to their crypto funds. Due to the decentralized nature of cryptocurrencies, there is no support line or central authority that can access that information.

This is where exchange wallets come in handy as the account is created using an identity that once verified can gain access to the funds. This is known as a custodial wallet where the platform holds the private keys for you and allows you to access the funds through a user-generated password. When it comes to storing private keys, this is the most convenient option, however, if you use an untrustworthy platform that increases your risks greatly. It is strongly recommended to enable two-factor authentication when using this option.

How do private keys work?

A public key is generated using complicated mathematics by your private key, ensuring they form a matched pair. These digital keys are created when one creates their crypto wallet on a particular blockchain. 

After being generated, a private key must be stored in a secure location, ideally offline. Furthermore, private keys can have an extra layer of security by being password-protected, encrypted or hashed, ideally all three.

The owner of the public key will use the private key to encrypt the digital signature when making a transaction. 

A transaction is encrypted using a public key and can only be decrypted by using the matching private key. Therefore, when someone sends a transaction they will need their private key to decrypt and prove they own the funds being used in this transaction. 

The private key is used to sign the transaction, which verifies that the transaction hasn't been modified. A digital signature is created when someone combines their private key with the data that's being sent as part of a transaction. 

Once the transaction has been executed the nodes on the network will check and authenticate the details of the transaction and if any information is incorrect the transaction will be rejected. Once executed transactions cannot be reversed. 

Where should you store your private key?

Your private keys are essentially your passwords, so it's of utmost importance that you keep them safe.  Your best bet is to store them offline somewhere safe. This might mean written on a piece of paper, stored on an offline device, or kept in a password manager.  As mentioned above, public keys can be stored anywhere and shared with anyone.

To avoid the hassle and stress of ensuring the safety of your private keys at all times, you can use a hot wallet supplied through a reputable exchange. If you choose to take this route ensure that the crypto platform is regulated and adheres to stringent security measures. The Tap app ticks these regulatory boxes and ensures that customers have full access to their funds at all times, without the risk of losing them if they lose their private keys. 

In conclusion

Private keys are digital passwords used to establish one's ownership in a crypto wallet and are created in conjunction with the public key of the same wallet. One should never share their private keys with anyone. 

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Since the debut of Bitcoin in 2009, central banks have been living in fear of the disruptive technology that is cryptocurrency. Distributed ledger technology has revolutionized the digital world and has continued to challenge the corruption of central bank morals. 

Financial institutions can’t beat or control cryptocurrency, so they are joining them in creating digital currencies. Governments have now been embracing digital currencies in the form of CBDCs, otherwise known as central bank digital currencies. 

Central bank digital currencies are digital tokens, similar to cryptocurrency, issued by a central bank. They are pegged to the value of that country's fiat currency, acting as a digital currency version of the national currency. CBDCs are created and regulated by a country's central bank and monetary authorities.

A central bank digital currency is generally created for a sense of financial inclusion and to improve the application of monetary and fiscal policy. Central banks adopting currency in digital form presents great benefits for the federal reserve system as well as citizens, but there are some cons lurking behind the central bank digital currency facade.

Types of central bank digital currencies

While the concept of a central bank digital currency is quite easy to understand, there are layers to central bank money in its digital form. Before we take a deep dive into the possibilities presented by the central banks and their digital money, we will break down the different types of central bank digital currencies. 

Wholesale CBDCs

Wholesale central bank digital currencies are targeted at financial institutions, whereby reserve balances are held within a central bank. This integration assists the financial system and institutions in improving payment systems and security payment efficiency. 

This is much simpler than rolling out a central bank digital currency to the whole country but provides support for large businesses when they want to transfer money. These digital payments would also act as a digital ledger and aid in the avoidance of money laundering.

Retail CBDCs

A retail central bank digital currency refers to government-backed digital assets used between businesses and customers. This type of central bank digital currency is aimed at traditional currency, acting as a digital version of physical currency. These digital assets would allow retail payment systems, direct P2P CBDC transactions, as well as international settlements among businesses. It would be similar to having a bank account, where you could digitally transfer money through commercial banks, except the currency would be in the form of a digital yuan or euro, rather than the federal reserve of currency held by central banks.

Pros and cons of a central bank digital currency (CBDC)

Central banks are looking for ways to keep their money in the country, as opposed to it being spent on buying cryptocurrencies, thus losing it to a global market. As digital currencies become more popular, each central bank must decide whether they want to fight it or profit from the potential. Regardless of adoption, central banks creating their own digital currencies comes with benefits and disadvantages to users that you need to know. 

Pros of central bank digital currency (CBDC)

• Cross border payments
• Track money laundering activity 
• Secure international monetary fund
• Reduces risk of commercial bank collapse 
• Cheaper
• More secure
• Promotes financial inclusion

Cons of central bank digital currency (CDBC)

• Central banks have complete control
• No anonymity of digital currency transfers
• Cybersecurity issues 
• Price reliant on fiat currency equivalent 
• Physical money may be eliminated 
• Ban of distributed ledger technology and cryptocurrency

Central bank digital currency conclusion

Central bank money in an electronic form has been a big debate in the blockchain technology space, with so many countries considering the possibility. The European Central Bank, as well as other central banks, have been considering the possibility of central bank digital currencies as a means of improving the financial system. The Chinese government is in the midst of testing out their e-CNY, which some are calling the digital yuan. They have seen great success so far, but only after completely banning Bitcoin trading.

There is a lot of good that can come from CBDCs, but the benefits are mostly for the federal reserve system and central banks. Bank-account holders and citizens may have their privacy compromised and their investment options limited if the world adopts CBDCs.

It's important to remember that central bank digital currencies are not cryptocurrencies. They do not compete with cryptocurrencies and the benefits of blockchain technology. Their limited use cases can only be applied when reinforced by a financial system authority. Only time will tell if CBDCs will succeed, but right now you can appreciate the advantages brought to you by crypto.

Bitcoin has become a worldwide phenomenon due partly to its incredible innovation in terms of technology and cross-border payments, but also because of its unbelievable market performance over the last decade.

The original cryptocurrency was even voted the top performing asset of the past decade, and there is no denying why. So, how does it all work? Today we’re uncovering everything you need to know about the inner workings of the most powerful cryptocurrency.

Bitcoin 101

Before we dive into how Bitcoin works, let’s cover the basics. Bitcoin is a peer-to-peer electronic payment system that was launched in 2009 by Bitcoin's creator, Satoshi Nakamoto, an anonymous entity that remains a mystery to this day. The Bitcoin blockchain ignited blockchain technology, propelling it into the 21st century and allowing anyone connected to the internet to embrace the new age of technology.

Bitcoin was designed as a response to the global financial crisis and set to be a decentralized payment system that was exempt from banking institutions’ central authority and errors. Over the past decade, the cryptocurrency has increased in value, hitting $20,000 for the first time in 2017, again in December 2020, before soaring to highs of $68,789.63 in November 2021.

The Bitcoin blockchain network has also paved the way for many other virtual currencies, of which there are currently over 20,000. The industry has grown into a sizable $1 trillion market (valued at one stage at over $3 trillion), most of which has Bitcoin to thank. Bitcoin currently dominates the market with a 40% share and has created a name for itself in the mainstream as more and more businesses decide to accept Bitcoin.

How exactly does Bitcoin work?

Now that we’ve covered the basics, let’s get into the nitty-gritty. As previously mentioned, Bitcoin is a peer-to-peer digital currency that does not rely on any third-party financial institutions, banks or governments. Instead, the network and all Bitcoin transactions are operated by a network of nodes (computers) and miners. Users store Bitcoin in a digital wallet.

In simple terms, miners are responsible for verifying transactions while nodes keep records of all the transactions on the Bitcoin network. All transactions are added to the blockchain, which is a public ledger of all activity on the Bitcoin network. This is a simple look at how Bitcoin mining works.

Looking more deeply into this, let’s say one person in Belgium is sending Bitcoin to someone in England. The Belgium person will enter the Bitcoin address (also known as a wallet address) of the recipient and indicate how much they would like to send. The Bitcoin wallet through which it is being sent will calculate the transaction fees, the Belgium person will confirm (also checking they are happy with Bitcoin's price), and the Bitcoin transaction will enter a “mempool” of new transactions.

From here, Bitcoin miners will fight to solve a complex mathematical puzzle and the first one to do so correctly will be allowed mine the next block and verify all pending Bitcoin transactions (the process of Bitcoin mining). The miner will then verify that all senders of the transactions have sufficient balances, and the transactions will be executed.

The miner will then add the new block to the blockchain, and it will be circulated amongst the network. Once all the nodes approve, they will all update their blockchain records with the new block.

The person in England will then get a notification to say that they have received the Bitcoin transaction, and will most likely require 3 confirmations before being able to access the funds (some digital wallets and merchants require 6 confirmations). Confirmations are represented by new blocks added to the blockchain following the block with that specific transaction. Blocks take 10 - 40 minutes to be created due to the Bitcoin mining process.

While this is how Bitcoin transactions take place, other cryptocurrency transactions might vary slightly.

Where do new Bitcoins come from?

Satoshi Nakamoto designed the cryptocurrency to be deflationary in nature, intending the price to increase over time as opposed to decreasing like fiat currencies, offering not only a reliable payment method, but also an investment opportunity. Bitcoin has a fixed supply of 21 million coins, with a certain number being released each year.

Initially, the mining reward for mining a block on the Bitcoin blockchain was 50 BTC, but after every 210,000 blocks (roughly 4 years) the reward halves. In May 2020, the third halving took place, driving the block rewards down to 6.25 BTC per block. This equates to roughly $230,000 at the time of writing.

So where do new Bitcoins come from? Each time a miner verifies a bundle of transactions, the miner will receive each transaction’s network fee and once they have mined enough transactions to complete a 1MB block and add it to the blockchain, they will receive the mining reward too. 

Once the 21 millionth coin has been mined no new coins will ever enter circulation. 

Ready to enter the wonderful world of Bitcoin?

Now that you understand more about the original cryptocurrency and how Bitcoin works, are you ready to enter the market? For easy onboarding, Tap provides a secure platform from where anyone can buy and sell Bitcoin and a number of other cryptocurrencies. Secure, easy to use, and conveniently accessible through a mobile app, Tap is both beginner friendly and perfect for seasoned traders.

So, you're in your thirties and starting from square one when it comes to your finances. Don't worry, you're not alone, and the good news is that it's never too late to take control and set yourself up for financial success. Congratulations on taking the first step.

In this article, we're going to walk you through a step-by-step guide of practical tips and empower you to make informed decisions as you navigate your financial journey with enthusiasm. It’s not rocket science, we promise. 

Step 1: Assess your current financial situation

Getting a grip on where you currently stand financially is the first step toward building a solid foundation for your wealth. Let's take a closer look at how to assess your situation and define your goals, without breaking a sweat or drowning in crippling anxiety.

Take a close look at your income, expenses, and debts, writing them down or putting them in a spreadsheet. Identify areas where you can make adjustments to free up funds to save money or invest, and then set some clear goals, both short-term and long-term. Want to buy a house in 5 years, or take a trip to visit your friend in Hong Kong? Jot them down, goals are motivating.

Step 2: Build a strong foundation

Armed with a realistic picture of what your finances look like, work your way through the following three steps to start establishing a strong financial foundation. 

• Create a budget and track expenses

The boring news is that establishing a budget is essential to gain control over your finances. No, we're not here to tell you to cut out all the things you enjoy. Creating a budget is about understanding your money flow and finding ways to save without sacrificing your happiness. Learn what your living expenses really are, and how much the interest rates hikes have affected you. It's about taking control of your money, rather than letting your money control you.

If spreadsheets seem daunting, use budgeting tools and apps to simplify the process and stay on top of your spending.

• Work on saving money effectively

No matter how you look at it, saving money is the cornerstone of building wealth. But saving money doesn't have to be a painful experience, it's all about being smart and resourceful.

A good starting point is to set aside a percentage of your income each month for emergencies and future investments. Automate your savings to ensure consistency and consider opening a high-yield savings account to maximize your returns. Look at opportunities available to you to get "free money" (reward points, employer compensations, etc).

A good starting point is to open that savings account and check out our simplified guide on building an emergency fund.

• Manage debt and improve your credit score

Debt can be overwhelming, but we're here to help you tackle it with confidence. Make a list of all your outstanding debts and approach it strategically by prioritizing the high-interest ones. From student loan debt to credit card debt, don't let these weigh you down forever, rather make a plan today that your future self will thank you for.

At the same time, work on improving your credit score by paying bills on time and not opening new credit accounts. Grab the reigns, you’re in control of your financial future.

Step 3: Explore generating additional income

Unsurprisingly, earning more money will equate to more wealth (we told you it’s not rocket science). As all-nighters are replaced with embarrassingly-sensible bedtimes, now is as good a time as any to pick up a small side hustle and generate income. It doesn’t need to earn you millions, the idea is to generate a little bit extra to accelerate your journey toward financial freedom.

• Explore side hustles and part-time opportunities

Who says you can't have fun and make money at the same time? Here are some side hustle ideas and part-time opportunities that might align with your interests. It’s time to turn your passions into profit and allow a new income stream to make your savings account a little plumper.

• Leverage your skills and talents for freelance work

You've got unique talents, and it's time to put them to work. Platforms like Upwork and Fiverr are great ways to gain exposure and find work that allows you to tap into your skills and find freelance opportunities that not only bring in more money but also allow you to showcase your awesomeness. Embrace entrepreneurship and transform your skills into a profitable venture.

• Invest in personal growth for career advancement

Investing in yourself is one of the best investments you can make. Invest in your personal and professional development to boost your earning potential and open doors to exciting career advancements. 

Acquire new skills, pursue certifications, or enroll in relevant courses. Continuous learning not only amplifies your marketability but also positions you for better career prospects and greater earning power. It's time to level up.

Step 4: Investing for the future

Don’t be overwhelmed by the word “invest”. Let’s go through this together, one small step at a time. Consider this the start of your golden investment era. 

• Understand the basics of investing

Investing doesn't have to be complicated jargon that leaves you breaking out in a sweat. Start small and familiarize yourself with the basics of investing. Learn about stocks, bonds, mutual funds, and real estate, and educate yourself on the concept of risk and reward. If in doubt, contact a financial adviser to get you started.

• Identify suitable investment options for beginners

You don't need to be a Wall Street expert to start investing, or need to know what real estate investment trusts are for that matter (yet). Consider beginner-friendly investment options that are easy to understand and offer steady growth, like low-cost index funds or exchange-traded funds (ETFs).

A word from the wise: stay away from get-rich-quick schemes and get started investing in assets aligned with your risk tolerance and long-term goals. Get ready to dip your toes into the investment pool.

• Diversification and risk management strategies

To minimize risk, spread your investments across different asset classes. Diversification is like having a cool umbrella that shields your portfolio from those crazy market storms. Don't forget to give your investments some love and attention from time to time. Review your strategy, do a little rebalancing dance if needed, and stay in the know about economic trends that could sway your investments.

Step 5: Overcome financial challenges

Don’t get caught off guard, navigate financial hurdles and stretch your money like a pro while still staying motivated on your wealth-building journey. Yes, it’s possible. 

• Dealing with limited funds and unexpected expenses

Starting from scratch often means facing financial limitations. And we get it, life happens, and unexpected expenses can throw us off track. But fear not! The key step in learning how to stretch your money and navigate financial hurdles with confidence is to build an emergency fund to soften the blow when hard times hit.

The unfortunate truth is that you’re also going to have to learn how to prioritize needs over wants to make the most of your resources.

• Set realistic expectations and stay motivated

Building wealth takes time and patience. Be sure to set realistic goals and celebrate the small victories along the way. Stay motivated by envisioning the life you want to lead and remind yourself of the long-term benefits of your small efforts today. 

• Seek professional advice and support

Hey, we're here to guide you, but we're not financial advisors. That's why it's essential to seek professional advice when needed. A qualified financial advisor can provide you with personalized advice and help you navigate complex financial decisions, offer investment strategies tailored to your goals, and ensure you're on the right track.

Step 6: Long-term wealth building

Rome wasn't built in a day, and neither will your financial wealth. 

• Set long-term financial goals

Picture your dream life and let's make it a reality. Define your long-term financial goals, like buying a house, planning for a comfortable retirement, or starting a business, and break them down into achievable milestones. Then develop a roadmap to reach them. As you hit the milestones and manage the ebb and flow of life, be sure to regularly review and adjust your goals along the way.

• Retirement planning and saving strategies

Retirement might seem far away, but it's never too early to start preparing for it. Take advantage of compound interest and explore strategies for retirement savings that make sense for your current situation, like a retirement account or participating in employer-sponsored retirement plans (particularly ones that offer tax relief).

Be sure to maximize contributions to these accounts whenever possible and look into tax-efficient investment funds. Let's ensure your golden years are as golden as can be.

• Reviewing and adjusting your financial plan periodically

Flexibility is key to your financial journey. Regularly review your budget, investment account, and progress as you move confidently toward your goals. Make necessary adjustments to your investment strategy to stay on track and seize new opportunities that align with your evolving financial situation. Life changes, and so should your financial plan. Keep it adaptable and exciting.

Final thought

Starting from €0 in your thirties may seem challenging, but with the right mindset, knowledge, and practical steps, you can embark on a fulfilling financial journey. By budgeting effectively, saving diligently, generating additional income, investing wisely, and overcoming obstacles, you can build a solid foundation for long-term wealth and financial security. 

While it's no walk in the park, it’s not rocket science. Empower yourself with the tools and resources available, and remember that every step you take today brings you closer to a brighter financial future and fuller savings account.

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Are you ready to embrace the future of cashless payments? As Europeans increasingly rely on digital payment methods, the European Union is exploring implementing a safe and effective transition. Enter the digital euro, a potential game-changer in the world of virtual money. 

In this article, we'll dive into what the digital euro is all about and how it works. Get ready to discover how this innovative currency could streamline transactions, reduce costs, and empower individuals and businesses throughout the Eurozone. It's high time we unlock the possibilities of the digital euro and embrace the convenience of a cashless future.

What is the digital euro?

The digital euro, at its core, is a virtual currency designed for the Eurozone. It operates entirely digitally, making transactions fast, secure, and innovative. As a digital currency, it exists in electronic form, with no physical counterpart like traditional banknotes or coins. 

The European Central Bank (ECB) plays a crucial role in issuing and managing the digital euro, ensuring its legal value and guaranteeing its acceptance alongside physical cash. With the ECB's oversight, the digital euro aims to provide a seamless and convenient payment method for businesses and individuals alike, revolutionising the way we handle money in the digital age.

Is the digital euro a cryptocurrency?

No, the digital euro is not considered a cryptocurrency. While both the digital euro and cryptocurrencies are virtual assets, there are key differences between them. 

Cryptocurrencies, like Bitcoin, are typically decentralised and operate independently of central banks or public authorities. They are often issued by private individuals and allow for peer-to-peer transactions without the need for intermediaries like central banks. 

In contrast, the digital euro will be issued and regulated by the European Central Bank (ECB), making it a central bank digital currency (CBDC). The digital euro will operate on a centralised system and will be managed and regulated using blockchain technology operated by the central bank.

Why do we need a digital euro?

The digital euro has several key objectives aimed at transforming the financial landscape. Firstly, it seeks to enhance financial integration within the Eurozone by providing a common and easily accessible digital payment solution for all member countries.

Secondly, the digital euro aims to bolster security, offering a safe and trusted digital currency that can mitigate risks associated with traditional payment methods. For users, the digital euro promises convenience by enabling fast and seamless transactions, eliminating the need for physical currency. 

Additionally, it has the potential to be cost-effective, reducing transaction fees and providing efficient payment options for both businesses and individuals. The digital euro also allows anyone to use the currency without creating a bank account associated with the central bank.

How will the digital euro work?

The virtual currency operates on an innovative framework, known as blockchain technology, revolutionising the way we transact. To use the digital euro, individuals and businesses will need to create a digital wallet, similar to those used for cryptocurrencies.

However, unlike cryptocurrencies, the digital euro will be issued and regulated by the European Central Bank (ECB), ensuring its stability and legal value. Despite it being a digital currency, it is still regarded as central bank money as it is operated by the central bank. Users won't require a traditional bank account, as the digital euro can be deposited directly at the European Central Bank. This empowers individuals to engage in peer-to-peer transactions without relying on commercial banks as intermediaries. 

With blockchain technology as its backbone, the digital euro ensures secure, traceable, and efficient transactions, making it a cutting-edge payment method for the modern era while remaining central bank money.

Advantages of implementing the digital euro

The modern payment tool is designed to empower all private citizens and businesses in the Eurozone. Once approved, the digital euro will revolutionise transactions with its simplicity and immediacy. Here's what it brings:

Streamlined processes

The digitization of payments will make purchases and money transactions simpler and faster.

Cost savings

The digital euro significantly reduces costs associated with payment systems, putting more money back in your pocket.

Environmental benefits

By embracing the digital euro project, we contribute to a drastic reduction in the ecological footprint associated with monetary and payment systems within the financial sector.

Instant support

In times of need, governments can swiftly provide economic aid to citizens, thanks to the digital euro.

Anti-money laundering

With transaction registration, we can effectively combat money laundering and tax evasion.

Financial inclusion

The digital euro ensures everyone, even those without a bank account, can enjoy the simplicity and security of digital payments within the financial system.

Risks associated with the digital euro

While the digital euro brings numerous benefits, it's important to be aware of potential risks. Here are a few considerations:

Privacy

The digital euro complements physical cash, known for its anonymity. While it aids in anti-money laundering, tracking payments could limit citizen privacy to some extent.

Impact on banks

As the digital euro gains popularity, deposits in credit institutions may decrease, potentially affecting loan availability. Credit institutions and payment intermediaries, and even national central banks, may need to revise their business models to adapt to the digital euro ecosystem and safeguard financial stability within the greater financial system.

Traditional euro vs the digital euro

When comparing the digital euro to traditional currency, there are both similarities and differences to consider. In terms of similarities, both the digital euro and physical currency share the fundamental purpose of facilitating transactions and serving as a medium of exchange. While the digital euro operates in the digital realm, central banks physical banknotes and coins continue to play a significant role in everyday transactions alongside the digital euro. It's important to note that both are central bank money.

However, key differences set the digital euro apart. The digital euro offers advantages such as faster transactions, as it eliminates the need for physical exchange and reduces processing times. 

Additionally, the digital euro promotes financial inclusion by enabling individuals without a bank account to participate in the digital economy, expanding access to secure and convenient payment methods. The digital euro is not designed to replace the traditional currency, but rather coexist alongside it.

It is, however, poised to shape the future of currency.

The current landscape of CBDCs

While the digital euro is expected to take 5 years to implement, other countries around the world are also in the running to release a central bank digital currency of their own. In fact, approximately 50 central banks around the world are actively researching or experimenting with central bank digital currencies, confirming that the race to embrace digital currencies and central bank money is on. 

The Bahamas lead the pack with their Sand Dollar, a digital version of the Bahamian dollar launched in October 2020. The dollar offers users free mobile transactions and a safer option than carrying cash. Other noteworthy initiatives include China with the digital renminbi (e-CNY) already in testing and Sweden’s e-krona, and now, the digital euro project.

This thriving landscape in the financial system signifies the growing acceptance of digital currencies by central banks. As financial inclusion, individual financial stability, streamlined payment systems, and the emergence of private cryptocurrencies take centre stage, the exploration of CBDCs empowers nations and central banks to shape the future of money and unlock new possibilities for a digitally empowered society.

Final thoughts

In conclusion, the digital euro represents a transformative leap toward a cashless future. With its aim of enhancing financial integration, strengthening security, and providing convenient payment options, the digital euro has the potential to revolutionise the way we handle money in the Eurozone. 

Operating on blockchain technology and regulated by the European Central Bank, the digital euro offers fast, secure, and efficient transactions, empowering individuals and businesses alike. While the digital euro coexists with physical currency, its advantages, such as faster transactions and increased financial inclusion, make it a promising addition to the financial landscape.

As countries worldwide explore the potential of central bank digital currencies, including the Sand Dollar, the future of digital currencies appears bright, heralding a new era of financial empowerment. Keep an eye out for the digital euro in months to come.

Η κατανόηση των fiat on-ramps και off-ramps θα παίξει καθοριστικό ρόλογια όσους επιθυμούν να ενσωματώσουν τα κρυπτονομίσματα στην καθημερινότητατους. Αυτές οι "ράμπες" εξασφαλίζουν μια απρόσκοπτη εμπειρίαενσωμάτωσης της χρήσης τόσο των παραδοσιακών νομισμάτων όσο και τωνκρυπτονομισμάτων. Σε αυτό το άρθρο, εξερευνούμε τη διαφορά μεταξύ των δύο καιγιατί παίζουν τόσο σημαντικό ρόλο στην ευρεία αποδοχή των κρυπτονομισμάτων,καθώς και στο ευρύτερο οικοσύστημα των κρυπτονομισμάτων.

Τι είναι το fiat on-ramp;

Τα fiat on-ramps λειτουργούν ως σημαντικές πύλες που καθιστούν δυνατή τη μετατροπή του παραδοσιακού νομίσματος (π.χ. ευρώ ή δολάρια ΗΠΑ) σε κρυπτονομίσματα (π.χ. Bitcoin ή Ethereum). Δρουν ως γέφυρες, συνδέοντας τον κόσμο του παραδοσιακού χρήματος με τον συναρπαστικό κόσμο των ψηφιακών περιουσιακών στοιχείων.

Μέσω ανταλλακτηρίων, υπηρεσιών μεσιτείας και πλατφορμών peer-to-peer, αυτές οι πύλες παρέχουν βολικούς και προσιτούς τρόπους για τους ανθρώπους να εισέλθουν στον κόσμο των κρυπτονομισμάτων. Όταν χρησιμοποιείτε ένα fiat on-ramp, είναι κρίσιμο να λάβετε υπόψη μερικούς βασικούς παράγοντες. Θα πρέπει να εξασφαλίσετε την ασφάλεια των συναλλαγών σας, να είστε ενήμεροι για τυχόν τέλη που εμπλέκονται και να πληρείτε τις απαραίτητες απαιτήσεις επαλήθευσης.

Ένα fiat on-ramp μπορεί επίσης να αναφέρεται ως fiat gateway ή crypto on-ramp.

Τα πλεονεκτήματα των fiat on-ramps

Τα fiat on-ramps διαθέτουν μια σειρά από πλεονεκτήματα που τα καθιστούνεξαιρετική επιλογή για όσους εισέρχονται στον κόσμο των κρυπτονομισμάτων. Ένασημαντικό πλεονέκτημα είναι η ευκολία που προσφέρουν στους νέους χρήστες,παρέχοντας έναν απλό τρόπο να εισέλθουν στην αγορά κρυπτονομισμάτων χωρίς νααπαιτείται εκτενής τεχνική γνώση.

Επιπλέον, μια ράμπα εισόδου συνήθως ανοίγει ένα ευρύ φάσμακρυπτονομισμάτων προς εξερεύνηση, επεκτείνοντας τις επενδυτικές ευκαιρίες.

Τα μειονεκτήματα των fiat on-ramps

Ωστόσο, είναι απαραίτητο να γνωρίζετε τις πιθανές προκλήσεις και τους κινδύνους που εμπλέκονται. Ζητήματα όπως η νομοθετική τήρηση κανόνων και ο κίνδυνος να αντιμετωπίσετε απάτες ή παραπλανητικές πλατφόρμες μπορούν να αποτελέσουν ανησυχίες. Για να παραμείνετε ασφαλείς, είναι σημαντικό να κάνετε εξονυχιστική έρευνα, να διαβάσετε κριτικές χρηστών και να επιλέξετε ένα αξιόπιστο fiat on-ramp με ισχυρά μέτρα ασφαλείας και νομοθετική συμμόρφωση.

Τι είναι το fiat off-ramp;

Τα fiat off-ramps παίζουν εξίσου καθοριστικό ρόλο όπως και τα on-rampsστον κόσμο των κρυπτονομισμάτων, παρέχοντας έναν τρόπο μετατροπής των ψηφιακώνπεριουσιακών στοιχείων ξανά σε παραδοσιακό νόμισμα. Ουσιαστικά, λειτουργούν ωςσημεία εξόδου από την αγορά κρυπτονομισμάτων, επιτρέποντας στους χρήστες ναεξαργυρώσουν τις επενδύσεις τους και να πουλήσουν κρυπτονομίσματα.

Μέσω ανταλλακτηρίων κρυπτονομισμάτων, πλατφορμών peer-to-peer και ακόμηκαι χρεωστικών καρτών κρυπτονομισμάτων, τα fiat off-ramps διευκολύνουν τηναπρόσκοπτη μετατροπή των κρυπτονομισμάτων σε παραδοσιακό χρήμα. Ωστόσο, είναισημαντικό να λάβετε υπόψη μερικούς βασικούς παράγοντες κατά τη χρήση ενόςoff-ramp.

Παράγοντες όπως τα όρια ανάληψης, τα τέλη, τα υποστηριζόμενα παραδοσιακά νομίσματα και οι φορολογικές επιπτώσεις μπορούν να επηρεάσουν τη συνολική εμπειρία. Η προσεκτική αντιμετώπιση αυτών των παραγόντων εξασφαλίζει μια ομαλή μετάβαση από τον κόσμο των κρυπτονομισμάτων πίσω στα παραδοσιακά νομίσματα, βελτιστοποιώντας παράλληλα τις αποδόσεις.

Τα fiat off-ramps μπορούν επίσης να αναφέρονται ως fiat gateways ήcrypto off-ramps και αναφέρονται στην ίδια λύση off-ramp.

Τα πλεονεκτήματα των fiat off-ramps

Τα fiat off-ramps προσφέρουν πολλά οφέλη που τα καθιστούν πολύτιμα γιατους χρήστες κρυπτονομισμάτων. Ένα βασικό όφελος είναι η ρευστότητα πουπροσφέρουν, παρέχοντας έναν τρόπο μετατροπής των ψηφιακών περιουσιακώνστοιχείων σε παραδοσιακό νόμισμα όποτε χρειάζεται. Αυτή η πρόσβαση πουπαρέχεται από ένα fiat off-ramp επιτρέπει στους χρήστες να έχουν εύκολαπρόσβαση στα κεφάλαια τους σε ψηφιακό νόμισμα και να τα χρησιμοποιούν στονπραγματικό κόσμο.

Ένα άλλο πλεονέκτημα ενός off-ramp είναι η δυνατότητα να αποκομίσετεγρήγορα κέρδη από επενδύσεις σε κρυπτονομίσματα, μετατρέποντας τα εικονικάκέρδη σε απτές επιστροφές. Ωστόσο, είναι σημαντικό να γνωρίζετε τις πιθανεςπροκλήσεις και τους κινδύνους που εμπλέκονται.

Τα μειονεκτήματα των fiat off-ramps

Σημαντικά ζητήματα που πρέπει να λάβετε υπόψη όταν εξετάζετε τη χρήσηενός off-ramp περιλαμβάνουν τα τέλη συναλλαγών και τα ρυθμιστικά μέτρα.Σημειώστε ότι τα τέλη συναλλαγών μπορεί να μειώσουν τα κέρδη και οι ρυθμιστικοίπαράγοντες μπορούν να επηρεάσουν την ευκολία μετατροπής κρυπτονομισμάτων σεπαραδοσιακό νόμισμα. Για να αντιμετωπίσετε αυτές τις προκλήσεις, είναι συνετόνα επιλέξετε ένα αξιόπιστο fiat off-ramp κάνοντας εξονυχιστική έρευνα,διαβάζοντας κριτικές χρηστών και διασφαλίζοντας τη συμμόρφωση με τουςκανονισμούς. Με αυτόν τον τρόπο, τα άτομα μπορούν να αξιοποιήσουν στο έπακρο ταfiat off-ramps διαχειριζόμενα αποτελεσματικά τους σχετικούς κινδύνους.

Η σύνδεση μεταξύ των fiat on-ramps και off-ramps

Τα fiat on-ramps και off-ramps είναι στενά συνδεδεμένα στο οικοσύστηματων κρυπτονομισμάτων, σχηματίζοντας έναν κρίσιμο κρίκο στον κύκλο μετατροπήςμεταξύ των παραδοσιακών νομισμάτων και των ψηφιακών νομισμάτων. Η διαθεσιμότητακαι η αποδοτικότητα μιας ράμπας εισόδου και εξόδου επηρεάζουν σημαντικά τησυνολική ρευστότητα και την υιοθέτηση των κρυπτονομισμάτων.

Τα αδιάλειπτα on-ramps διευκολύνουν την είσοδο τους στην αγοράκρυπτονομισμάτων , προσελκύοντας περισσότερους χρήστες και ενισχύοντας τηρευστότητα της αγοράς. Ομοίως, οι αποδοτικές off-ramps επιτρέπουν στουςεπενδυτές να μετατρέπουν τα ψηφιακά τους περιουσιακά στοιχεία πίσω σεπαραδοσιακό χρήμα, παρέχοντας την απαραίτητη ευελιξία και ενισχύοντας τηνυιοθέτηση των κρυπτονομισμάτων στις καθημερινές συναλλαγές.

Αξιόπιστες πλατφόρμες όπως η Tap ενσωματώνουν αυτήν τη σύνδεση, προσφέροντας τόσο λειτουργίες on-ramp όσο και off-ramp για τη διευκόλυνση απρόσκοπτων μετατροπών και την υποστήριξη ενός αναπτυσσόμενου οικοσυστήματος κρυπτονομισμάτων. Με μια ευρεία γκάμα υποστηριζόμενων κρυπτονομισμάτων και παραδοσιακών νομισμάτων, η πλατφόρμα απευθύνεται σε χρήστες σε όλο τον κόσμο που αναζητούν τέτοιου είδους υπηρεσίες.

Συμπερασματικά

Εξερευνήσαμε τι είναι τα fiat on-ramp και off-ramp, και τον κρίσιμο ρόλοπου παίζουν στον κόσμο των κρυπτονομισμάτων. Συζητήσαμε τα κύρια σημεία,συμπεριλαμβανομένου του πώς μια on-ramp διευκολύνει την εύκολη είσοδο στηναγορά κρυπτονομισμάτων και μια off-ramp επιτρέπει στους χρήστεςκρυπτονομισμάτων να μετατρέψουν τα ψηφιακά τους περιουσιακά στοιχεία σεπαραδοσιακό νόμισμα.

Είναι απαραίτητο για τους χρήστες και τους επενδυτές κρυπτονομισμάτων νακατανοούν αυτές τις έννοιες καθώς παρέχουν ρευστότητα, επενδυτικές ευκαιρίεςκαι τη δυνατότητα να πραγματοποιήσουν κέρδη (σε παραδοσιακό νόμισμα). Κοιτώνταςμπροστά, το μέλλον των fiat on-ramps και off-ramps φαίνεται υποσχόμενο. Καθώς οχώρος των κρυπτονομισμάτων διαρκώς εξελίσσεται, μπορούμε να αναμένουμεσυναρπαστικές εξελίξεις σε αυτές τις πύλες, καθιστώντας τα κρυπτονομίσματα πιοπροσβάσιμα και προωθώντας την υιοθέτησή τους στην καθημερινή χρήση.