Want to launch your own branded card program? We break down the what and how—unlock new revenue, boost loyalty, and stay ahead in the digital payment game.
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Ever wondered how companies launch those shiny credit cards with their logos on them? Let's dive into the world of card programs and break down everything you need to know to launch one successfully.
What's a card program, anyway?
Think of a card program as your business's very own payment ecosystem. It's like having your own mini-bank, but without the vault, technical infrastructure and security guards. Companies use card programs to offer payment solutions to their customers or employees, whether a store credit card, a corporate expense card, or even a digital wallet.
As you’ve probably figured, the financial world is quickly moving away from cash, and card payments are becoming the norm. In fact, they're now as essential to business as having a product, website or social media presence.
Why should your business launch a card program?
Launching a card program isn't just about joining the cool kids' club – it's about creating real business value and heightened exposure. Here's what you can achieve:
Keep your customers coming back
Remember those loyalty cards from your favourite coffee shop? Card programs take that concept to the next level. When customers have your card in their wallet, they're more likely to choose your business over competitors. Plus, every time they pull out that card, they (and everyone else around) see your brand.
Show me the money!
Card programs open up exciting new revenue streams. You can earn from:
- Interest charges (if applicable)
- Transaction fees from merchants
- Annual membership fees
- Premium features and services
- Insights and information on spending habits
Know your customers better
Want to know what your customers really want? Their spending patterns tell the story. Card programs give you valuable insights into customer behaviour, helping you make smarter business decisions.
Understanding the card program ecosystem
Let's break down the key players in this game:
The dream team
Picture a football team where everyone has a crucial role:
- Card networks (like Visa and Mastercard) are the referees, setting the rules
- Card issuers (like Tap) are the coaches, making sure everything runs smoothly
- Processors (overseen by Tap) are the players, handling all the transactions on the field
Open vs. closed loop: what's the difference?
Open-loop and closed-loop cards differ in where they can be used and who processes the transactions. Let’s break this down:
Open-loop cards:
These cards are branded with major payment networks like Visa, Mastercard, or American Express, and are accepted almost anywhere the network is supported, both domestically and internationally.
Examples: Traditional debit or credit cards, prepaid cards branded by major networks.
Pros: Wide acceptance and flexibility.
Cons: May come with fees for international use or transactions.
Closed-loop cards:
Cards issued by a specific retailer or service provider for exclusive use within their ecosystem. These cards are limited to the issuing brand or select partners.
Examples: Store gift cards (like Starbucks or Amazon), fuel cards for specific gas stations.
Pros: Often come with brand-specific rewards or discounts.
Cons: Limited to specific merchants; less flexibility.
Challenges that may arise
Let's be honest – launching a card program isn't all smooth sailing. Here are the hurdles you'll need to jump:
The regulatory maze
Remember trying to read those terms and conditions? Well, card program regulations are even more complex. You'll need to navigate through compliance requirements that would make your head spin.
Security
Fraud is like that uninvited guest at a party – it shows up when you least expect it. You'll need robust security measures to protect your program and your customers.
We’ve designed our card program to handle these niggles, so that you can bypass the challenges and reap the rewards. With a carefully curated experience, we take care of the setup, programming and hardware so that you can focus on the benefits and users.
Closing thoughts
Launching a card program is like building a house – it takes careful planning, the right tools, and expert help. But when done right, it can become a powerful engine for business growth.
Contact us to get started on building a card program tailored to your company. After all, the future of payments is digital, and there's never been a better time to get started.
NEWS AND UPDATES

Explore why Bitcoin and the crypto market are worth $2.1 trillion and why skepticism still lingers among Americans in this deep dive.
Decoding the disconnect: America's cautious approach to crypto
Bitcoin and the broader crypto market have soared to a staggering $2.1 trillion in value, but why does skepticism still linger among so many Americans?
Despite increasing adoption, digital currencies remain shrouded in doubt, revealing a significant trust gap that continues to challenge the industry. As cryptocurrencies become more woven into everyday financial transactions, closing this trust deficit is essential for ensuring sustained growth and mainstream acceptance.
In this article, we'll dive into the key reasons behind this persistent mistrust, uncover the expanding real-world uses of digital assets, and explore how education and technological advancements can help bridge the confidence gap. Keep in mind, the data presented draws from multiple studies, so some figures and age groupings may vary slightly.
A Look at the Current State of Crypto Trust
To truly understand cryptocurrency adoption and the accompanying trust issues, it’s essential to examine the latest statistics and demographic data. This section breaks down public sentiment toward crypto and provides a snapshot of its user base.
General Public Sentiment
Percentage of Americans Who Own Cryptocurrency
Cryptocurrency adoption has seen slow but steady growth over the years. According to surveys conducted by Pew Research Center in 2021 and 2023, 17% of Americans have invested in, traded, or used cryptocurrency, up slightly from 16% in 2021.
While estimates vary, Security.org places this figure higher, estimating that roughly 40% of the U.S. population - around 93 million adults - own some form of cryptocurrency.
Both studies agree that younger generations are driving much of this growth, with 30% of Americans aged 18-29 reporting they have experience with crypto.
Trust Levels in Cryptocurrency
Despite rising adoption rates, trust in cryptocurrency remains a significant hurdle. Pew Research Center found that 75% of Americans have little or no confidence that cryptocurrency exchanges can safeguard their funds. Similarly, a recent report by Morning Consult shows that 7 in 10 consumers familiar with crypto express low or no trust in it.
This contrasts the 31% who have some or high trust, or the 24% in the Pew study who are “somewhat” to “extremely” confident in cryptocurrencies.
Demographics of Crypto Adopters
- Age Groups
Cryptocurrency adoption trends reveal a distinct generational divide. According to the 2023 Morning Consult survey, Gen Z adults (ages 18-25) lead in crypto ownership at 36%, closely followed by Millennials at 30%.
These younger groups are also more inclined toward future investments, with 39% of Gen Z and 45% of Millennials planning to invest in crypto in the coming years. Over half of both generations view cryptocurrency and blockchain as the future, while a notable percentage (27% of Gen Z and 21% of Millennials) considered opening an account with a crypto exchange in the past year.
When compared to other asset classes, data from Bankrate’s 2021 survey reveals that younger Millennials (ages 25-31) favor real estate and stock market investments, while Baby Boomers have the least interest in cryptocurrency. Older Millennials (32-40) lean toward cash investments, with cryptocurrency’s appeal steadily declining with age.
Interestingly, the report also highlights gender differences, showing that 80% of women familiar with crypto express low confidence, compared to 71% of men, indicating a broader trust gap among female users.
- Income Levels
Contrary to common assumptions, cryptocurrency adoption is not confined to high-income individuals. The same Pew Research Center survey revealed that crypto ownership is relatively evenly spread across income brackets:
- 13% of those earning less than $56,600 annually own crypto.
- 19% of those earning between $56,600 and $169,800 own crypto.
- 22% of those earning over $169,800 own crypto.
This data suggests that while higher earners may be more inclined to own cryptocurrency, the appeal of digital assets spans various income levels.
- Educational Background
Education also plays a role in crypto adoption. A 2022 report by Triple-A found that the majority of crypto owners are “highly educated”:
- 24% of crypto owners have graduated from middle or high school.
- 10% have some vocational or college education.
- 39% are college graduates.
- 27% hold postgraduate degrees.
This shows that while those with some college education or a degree are more likely to own crypto, it is not exclusively a pursuit of the highly educated.
This demographic data paints a picture of cryptocurrency adopters as predominantly younger, spread across a range of income levels, and with diverse educational backgrounds. However, the trust gap between crypto and traditional financial systems remains a significant barrier to wider acceptance of digital assets.
Key Trust Barriers
To bridge the gap between cryptocurrency adoption and trust, it’s crucial to understand the major concerns fueling skepticism. This section explores these concerns and contrasts them with similar risks in traditional financial systems.
The Primary Concerns of Skeptics
Volatility
One of the most significant barriers to cryptocurrency adoption is its notorious volatility, particularly for investors seeking stable, long-term assets. Bitcoin, the most well-known cryptocurrency, symbolizes this risk.
In 2022, Bitcoin’s volatility was stark. Its 30-day volatility reached 64.02% in June, driven by broader economic uncertainty and market downturns, compared to the S&P 500’s much lower volatility of 4.71% during the same period.
Over the course of the year, Bitcoin’s price swung from a peak of $47,835 to a low of $18,490, marking a substantial 61% decline from its highest point in 2022. Factors such as rising interest rates, geopolitical tensions, and major crypto market disruptions, like the TerraUSD collapse and Celsius’ liquidity crisis, played a pivotal role.
This extreme volatility reinforces the perception of cryptocurrencies as high-risk investments.
However, traditional stock markets, while typically more stable than crypto, can also experience sharp fluctuations, especially in times of economic stress. For instance, the CBOE Volatility Index (VIX), which measures expected near-term volatility in the U.S. stock market, dropped by 23% to 28.71 on June 30, 2022, far below the 82.69 peak recorded during the early COVID-19 market turbulence in March 2020. This shows that even stock markets, generally seen as safer, can experience moments of intense volatility, particularly during global crises.
Additionally, when compared to the "Magnificent Seven" (a group of top-performing and influential stocks) Bitcoin’s volatility doesn't stand out as unusual. In fact, over the past two years, Bitcoin has shown less volatility than Netflix (NFLX) stock.
On a 90-day timeframe, NFLX had an average realized volatility of 53%, while Bitcoin’s was slightly lower at 46%. The reality is that among all S&P 500 companies, Bitcoin has demonstrated lower annualized historical volatility than 33 of the 503 constituents.
In October 2023, Bitcoin was actually less volatile than 92 stocks in the S&P 500, based on 90-day realized historical volatility figures, including some large-cap and mega-cap companies.
Security
Security concerns are another major hurdle in building trust with cryptocurrencies. Cryptocurrency exchanges and wallets have been targeted by numerous high-profile hacks and frauds, raising doubts about the safety of digital assets. It comes as no surprise that a study from Morning Consult found that 67% of Americans believe having a secure and trustworthy platform is essential to entering the crypto market.
While security threats in the crypto space are well-documented, traditional banking systems are not immune to fraud either. Federal Trade Commission data reveals that consumer fraud losses in the traditional financial sector hit a record high of $10 billion in 2023, marking a 14% increase from the previous year.
Although traditional banks have more safeguards in place to protect consumers, they remain vulnerable to attacks, showing that security is a universal challenge across both crypto and traditional finance.
Prevention remains key, which in this case equates to using only reliable platforms or hardwallets.
Regulatory Uncertainty
Regulatory ambiguity continues to be a critical barrier for both cryptocurrency investors and businesses. The evolving landscape creates uncertainty about the future of digital assets.
Currently, cryptocurrency is legal in 119 countries and four British Overseas Territories, covering more than half of the world’s nations. Notably, 64.7% of these countries are emerging and developing economies, primarily in Asia and Africa.
However, only 62 of these 119 countries (52.1%) have comprehensive regulations in place. This represents significant growth from 2018, when only 33 jurisdictions had formal regulations, showing a 53.2% increase, but still falls short in creating a sense of “unified safety”.
In the United States, regulatory views remain fragmented. Various agencies, such as the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) and the Commodity Futures Trading Commission (CFTC), have conflicting perspectives on how to classify and regulate cryptocurrencies. Since 2019, the SEC has filed over 116 crypto-related lawsuits, adding to the regulatory uncertainty faced by the industry.
The Growing Integration Of Digital Assets In Daily Life
As we progress further into the digital age, cryptocurrencies and digital assets are increasingly becoming part of our everyday financial transactions. This shift is driven by two key developments: the rise of crypto payment options and the growing adoption of Central Bank Digital Currencies (CBDCs).
According to a MatrixPort report, global cryptocurrency adoption has now reached 7.51% of the population, underscoring the expanding influence of digital currencies worldwide. By 2025, this rate is expected to surpass 8%, signaling a potential shift from niche usage to mainstream acceptance.
The list of major retailers embracing cryptocurrency as a payment method continues to grow. Some notable companies now accepting crypto include:
- Microsoft: Accepts Bitcoin for Xbox store credits.
- AT&T: The first major U.S. mobile carrier to accept crypto payments.
- Whole Foods: Accepts Bitcoin via the Spedn app.
- Overstock: One of the first major retailers to accept Bitcoin.
- Starbucks: Allows customers to load their Starbucks cards with Bitcoin through the Bakkt app.
A 2022 Deloitte survey revealed that nearly 75% of retailers plan to accept either cryptocurrency or stablecoin payments within the next two years. This trend highlights the growing mainstream acceptance of digital assets as a legitimate payment method.
Crypto-backed debit cards are further bridging the gap between digital assets and everyday transactions. These cards enable users to spend their cryptocurrency at any merchant that accepts traditional debit cards.
According to Factual Market Research, the global crypto card market is projected to reach $9.5 billion by 2030, with a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of approximately 31.6% from 2021 to 2030. This growth reflects the increasing popularity of crypto-backed debit cards as a way for consumers to integrate their digital assets into daily spending.
The Rise of Central Bank Digital Currencies (CBDCs)
Central Bank Digital Currencies (CBDCs) represent digital versions of a country’s fiat currency, issued and regulated by the national monetary authority. In 2024, the global progress of CBDCs has seen a significant uptick, with marked advances in both research and adoption. As of this year:
- 11 countries have fully launched CBDCs, including the Bahamas, Nigeria, Jamaica, and China.
- 44 countries are conducting pilot programs, up from 36, reflecting growing interest in testing the functionality and stability of digital currencies.
- 66 nations are at advanced stages of CBDC development, contributing to a global landscape where 134 countries (accounting for 98% of the world’s economy) are engaged in CBDC projects.
In the United States, the Federal Reserve is exploring the feasibility of a CBDC through Project Hamilton, a collaborative research initiative with MIT. This exploration aligns with broader goals to reduce reliance on cash, enhance financial inclusion, and improve control over national monetary systems amid the rise of digital payments and cryptocurrencies.
The introduction of CBDCs could significantly reshape daily financial transactions in several ways:
- Increased financial inclusion: CBDCs could offer digital payment access to the 1.4 billion adults who remain unbanked, according to World Bank estimates.
- Faster and cheaper transactions: CBDCs could streamline both domestic and cross-border payments, reducing costs and settlement times.
- Enhanced monetary policy: Central banks would gain more direct control over money supply and circulation.
- Improved traceability: CBDCs could help combat financial crimes and reduce tax evasion by providing greater transaction transparency.
However, challenges persist, including concerns about privacy, cybersecurity risks, and the potential disruption of existing banking systems.
As digital assets continue to integrate into everyday life, they hold the potential to transform how we think about and use money. Despite these challenges, trends in both private cryptocurrency adoption and CBDC development point to a future where digital assets play a central role in our financial systems.
Building Trust Through Technology and Education
According to the 2023 Web3 UI/UX Report, nearly 48% of users cite security concerns and asset protection as the primary barriers to crypto adoption. Other challenges include high transaction fees and the steep learning curve needed to fully grasp both the technology and its benefits.
Despite these obstacles, the blockchain sector has made significant strides as it matures, particularly in enhancing security. Hack-related losses in the crypto market dropped from $3.7 billion in 2022 to $1.8 billion in 2023, underscoring the progress in safeguarding digital assets.
The increased adoption of offline hardware wallets and multi-signature wallets, both of which add critical layers of security, reflects this momentum. Advances in smart contract auditing tools and stronger compliance standards are also minimizing risks, creating a safer environment for both users and institutions.
These improvements highlight the industry’s commitment to establishing a more secure foundation for digital transactions and bolstering confidence in blockchain as a reliable financial technology.
In another positive development, in May 2023, the European Council approved the first comprehensive legal framework for the cryptocurrency industry. This legislation sets a new standard for regulatory transparency and oversight, further reinforcing trust.
Financial Literacy Initiatives
The rise of crypto education in the U.S. is playing a pivotal role in increasing public understanding and encouraging adoption. Programs such as Coinbase Earn aim to simplify the onboarding process for new users, directly addressing the complexity and security concerns that often deter people from engaging with crypto.
According to recent data, 43% of respondents feel that insufficient knowledge is a key reason they avoid the sector, highlighting the ongoing need for crypto-related learning.
Additionally, Chainalysis' 2024 Global Crypto Adoption Index noted a significant increase in crypto interest following the launch of spot Bitcoin ETFs in the U.S. earlier in the year. This development enabled investors to trade ETF shares tied to Bitcoin directly on stock exchanges, making it easier to enter the market without needing extensive technical expertise - thus driving a surge in adoption.
These advancements in security and education are gradually fostering greater trust in the cryptocurrency ecosystem. As the sector continues to evolve, these efforts may pave the way for broader adoption and deeper integration of digital assets into daily financial life.
The Future of Digital Asset Adoption
As digital assets continue to evolve and capture mainstream attention, their potential to transform the financial landscape is becoming increasingly evident. From late 2023 through early 2024, global crypto transaction volumes surged, surpassing the peaks of the 2021 bull market (as illustrated below).
Interestingly, much of this growth in adoption was driven by lower-middle income countries, highlighting the global reach of digital assets.
Below, we explore projections for cryptocurrency usage and its potential impact on traditional banking and finance.
Projections for Crypto Usage in the Next 5-10 Years
Several studies and reports offer insights into the expected growth of cryptocurrency over the next decade:
Global Adoption
The global cryptocurrency market revenue is projected to reach approximately $56.7 billion in 2024, with the United States leading the charge, expected to generate around $9.8 billion in revenue. Statista predicts the number of global crypto users will hit 861 million by 2025, marking a significant shift toward mainstream use.
Institutional Adoption
The 2023 Institutional Investor Digital Assets Study found that 65% of the 1,042 institutional investors surveyed plan to buy or invest in digital assets in the future.
As of 2024, digital currency usage among U.S. organisations is expanding, particularly in sectors such as finance, retail, and technology. Hundreds of financial services and fintech firms are now involved in digital assets, whether in payment processing, investments, or blockchain-based applications. This includes major companies utilising cryptocurrencies as stored value and exploring stablecoin use cases to enhance transaction efficiency.
Notably, major U.S. companies are increasingly engaging with blockchain and digital assets, as regulatory clarity improves and security concerns are addressed.
Retail Adoption
At present, about 85% of major retailers generating over $1 billion in annual online sales accept cryptocurrency payments. In contrast, 23% of mid-sized retailers, with online sales between $250 million and $1 billion, currently accept crypto payments. This growing trend points to an expanding role for digital assets in retail, especially among large-scale businesses.
Potential Impact on Traditional Banking and Finance
The rise of digital asset utilisation is poised to reshape traditional banking systems in multiple areas. For starters, the growth of blockchain technology and digitised financial services is driving the decentralised finance (DeFi) market, which is projected to reach $450 billion by 2030, with a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 46%.
In Q3 2024 alone, trading on decentralised exchanges surpassed $100 billion, marking the third consecutive month of growth in trading volume. This trend underscores the increasing interest and activity in the decentralised finance space.
As Central Bank Digital Currencies (CBDCs) are likely to be adopted by 80% of central banks by 2030, the role of commercial banks in money distribution could diminish significantly. Meanwhile, blockchain technology and stablecoins are expected to revolutionise cross-border B2B payments, with 20% of these transactions powered by blockchain by 2025. Stablecoin payment volumes are projected to hit $620 billion by 2026.
Furthermore, the investment landscape is set to evolve as asset tokenisation scales, potentially reaching a value of $16 trillion, making crypto a standard component in investment portfolios.
With regulatory clarity expected to improve - more than half of financial institutions anticipate clearer rules within the next three years - crypto integration is likely to become more widespread. These developments emphasise the transformative potential of digital assets across payments, investments, and financial structures globally.
Bridging the trust gap in crypto adoption
The cryptocurrency landscape is experiencing a surge in institutional interest, which could be a pivotal moment for integrating digital assets into traditional finance. Financial giants like BlackRock are at the forefront of this movement, signaling a shift in mainstream perception and adoption of cryptocurrencies.
Historically, the introduction of new investment vehicles around Bitcoin has spurred market growth. As Markus Thielen, founder of 10x Research, highlights, the launch of spot ETFs could bring about a new wave of institutional involvement, potentially driving the next phase of market expansion.
This growing institutional momentum, combined with evolving regulatory frameworks, is reshaping the crypto ecosystem. However, a key question remains: Will these developments be enough to close the trust gap and push cryptocurrencies into mainstream adoption?
As we stand at this crossroads, the future of digital assets hangs in the balance. The coming years will be critical in determining whether cryptocurrencies can overcome persistent skepticism and fully integrate into the global financial system, or if they will remain a niche, yet impactful, financial instrument.

Millennials and Gen Z are revolutionizing the financial landscape, leveraging cryptocurrencies to challenge traditional systems and redefine money itself. Curious about how this shift affects your financial future? Let's uncover the powerful changes they’re driving!
The financial world is undergoing a significant transformation, largely driven by Millennials and Gen Z. These digital-native generations are embracing cryptocurrencies at an unprecedented rate, challenging traditional financial systems and catalysing a shift toward new forms of digital finance, redefining how we perceive and interact with money.
This movement is not just a fleeting trend but a fundamental change that is redefining how we perceive and interact with money.
Digital Natives Leading the Way
Growing up in the digital age, Millennials (born 1981-1996) and Gen Z (born 1997-2012) are inherently comfortable with technology. This familiarity extends to their financial behaviours, with a noticeable inclination toward adopting innovative solutions like cryptocurrencies and blockchain technology.
According to the Grayscale Investments and Harris Poll Report which studied Americans, 44% agree that “crypto and blockchain technology are the future of finance.” Looking more closely at the demographics, Millenials and Gen Z’s expressed the highest levels of enthusiasm, underscoring the pivotal role younger generations play in driving cryptocurrency adoption.
Desire for Financial Empowerment and Inclusion
Economic challenges such as the 2008 financial crisis and the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic have shaped these generations' perspectives on traditional finance. There's a growing scepticism toward conventional financial institutions and a desire for greater control over personal finances.
The Grayscale-Harris Poll found that 23% of those surveyed believe that cryptocurrencies are a long-term investment, up from 19% the previous year. The report also found that 41% of participants are currently paying more attention to Bitcoin and other crypto assets because of geopolitical tensions, inflation, and a weakening US dollar (up from 34%).
This sentiment fuels engagement with cryptocurrencies as viable investment assets and tools for financial empowerment.
Influence on Market Dynamics
The collective financial influence of Millennials and Gen Z is significant. Their active participation in cryptocurrency markets contributes to increased liquidity and shapes market trends. Social media platforms like Reddit, Twitter, and TikTok have become pivotal in disseminating information and investment strategies among these generations.
The rise of cryptocurrencies like Dogecoin and Shiba Inu demonstrates how younger investors leverage online communities to impact financial markets2. This phenomenon shows their ability to mobilise and drive market movements, challenging traditional investment paradigms.
Embracing Innovation and Technological Advancement
Cryptocurrencies represent more than just investment opportunities; they embody technological innovation that resonates with Millennials and Gen Z. Blockchain technology and digital assets are areas where these generations are not only users but also contributors.
A 2021 survey by Pew Research Center indicated that 31% of Americans aged 18-29 have invested in, traded, or used cryptocurrency, compared to just 8% of those aged 50-64. This significant disparity highlights the generational embrace of digital assets and the technologies underpinning them.
Impact on Traditional Financial Institutions
The shift toward cryptocurrencies is prompting traditional financial institutions to adapt. Banks, investment firms, and payment platforms are increasingly integrating crypto services to meet the evolving demands of younger clients.
Companies like PayPal and Square have expanded their cryptocurrency offerings, allowing users to buy, hold, and sell cryptocurrencies directly from their platforms. These developments signify the financial industry's recognition of the growing importance of cryptocurrencies.
Challenges and Considerations
While enthusiasm is high, challenges such as regulatory uncertainties, security concerns, and market volatility remain. However, Millennials and Gen Z appear willing to navigate these risks, drawn by the potential rewards and alignment with their values of innovation and financial autonomy.
In summary
Millennials and Gen Z are redefining the financial landscape, with their embrace of cryptocurrencies serving as a catalyst for broader change. This isn't just about alternative investments; it's a shift in how younger generations view financial systems and their place within them. Their drive for autonomy, transparency, and technological integration is pushing traditional institutions to innovate rapidly.
This generational influence extends beyond personal finance, potentially reshaping global economic structures. For industry players, from established banks to fintech startups, adapting to these changing preferences isn't just advantageous—it's essential for long-term viability.
As cryptocurrencies and blockchain technology mature, we're likely to see further transformations in how society interacts with money. Those who can navigate this evolving landscape, balancing innovation with stability, will be well-positioned for the future of finance. It's a complex shift, but one that offers exciting possibilities for a more inclusive and technologically advanced financial ecosystem. The financial world is changing, and it's the young guns who are calling the shots.

2022 was a rollercoaster for crypto investors. Explore the reasons behind the crashes of Terra and Celsius and what the future holds.
There is seldom a dull moment in the cryptosphere. In a matter of weeks, crypto winters can turn into bull runs, high-profile celebrities can send the price of a cryptocurrency to an all-time high and big networks can go from hero to bankruptcy. While we await the next bull run, let’s dissect some of the bigger moments of this year so far.
In a matter of weeks, we saw two major cryptocurrencies drop significantly in value and later declare themselves bankrupt. Not only did these companies lose millions, but millions of investors lost immense amounts of money.
As some media sources use these stories as an opportunity to spread FUD (fear, uncertainty and doubt) about the crypto industry, in this article we’ll look at what affected these particular networks. This is not the “norm” when it comes to investing in digital assets, these are cases of not doing enough thorough research.
The Downfall of Terra
Terra is a blockchain platform that offered several cryptocurrencies (mostly stablecoins), most notably the stablecoin TerraUST (UST) and Terra (LUNA). LUNA tokens played an integral role in maintaining the price of the algorithmic stablecoins, incentivizing trading between LUNA and stablecoins should they need to increase or decrease a stablecoin's supply.
In December 2021, following a token burn, LUNA entered the top 10 biggest cryptocurrencies by market cap trading at $75. LUNA’s success was tied to that of UST. In April, UST overtook Binance USD to become the third-largest stablecoin in the cryptocurrency market. The Anchor protocol of the Terra ecosystem, which offers returns as high as 20% APY, aided UST's rise.
In May of 2022, UST unpegged from its $1 position, sending LUNA into a tailspin losing 99.9% of its value in a matter of days. The coin’s market cap dipped from $41b to $6.6m. The demise of the platform led to $60 billion of investors’ money going down the drain. So, what went wrong?
After a large sell-off of UST in early May, the stablecoin began to depeg. This caused a further mass sell-off of the algorithmic cryptocurrency causing mass amounts of LUNA to be minted to maintain its price equilibrium. This sent LUNA's circulating supply sky-rocketing, in turn crashing the price of the once top ten coin. The circulating supply of LUNA went from around 345 million to 3.47 billion in a matter of days.
As investors scrambled to try to liquidate their assets, the damage was already done. The Luna Foundation Guard (LFG) had been acquiring large quantities of Bitcoin as a safeguard against the UST stablecoin unpegging, however, this did not prove to help as the network's tokens had already entered what's known as a "death spiral".
The LFG and Do Kwon reported bought $3 billion worth of Bitcoin and stored it in reserves should they need to use them for an unpegging. When the time came they claimed to have sold around 80,000 BTC, causing havoc on the rest of the market. Following these actions, the Bitcoin price dipped below $30,000, and continued to do so.
After losing nearly 100% of its value, the Terra blockchain halted services and went into overdrive to try and rectify the situation. As large exchanges started delisting both coins one by one, Terra’s founder Do Kwon released a recovery plan. While this had an effect on the coin’s price, rising to $4.46, it soon ran its course sending LUNA’s price below $1 again.
In a final attempt to rectify the situation, Do Kwon alongside co-founder Daniel Shin hard forked the Terra blockchain to create a new version, renaming the original blockchain Terra Classic. The platform then released a new coin, Luna 2.0, while the original LUNA coin was renamed LUNC.
Reviewing the situation in hindsight, a Web3 investor and venture partner at Farmer Fund, Stuti Pandey said, “What the Luna ecosystem did was they had a very aggressive and optimistic monetary policy that pretty much worked when markets were going very well, but they had a very weak monetary policy for when we encounter bear markets.”
Then Celsius Froze Over
In mid-June 2022, Celsius, a blockchain-based platform that specializes in crypto loans and borrowing, halted all withdrawals citing “extreme market conditions”. Following a month of turmoil, Celsius officially announced that it had filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy in July.
Just a year earlier, in June 2021, the platform’s native token CEL had reached its all-time high of $8.02 with a market cap of $1.9 billion. Following the platform’s upheaval, at the time of writing CEL was trading at $1.18 with a market cap of $281 million.
According to court filings, when the platform filed for bankruptcy it was $1.2 billion in the red with $5.5 billion in liabilities, of which $4.7 billion is customer holdings. A far cry from its reign as one of the most successful DeFi (decentralized finance) platforms. What led to this demise?
Last year, the platform faced its first minor bump in the road when the US states of Texas, Alabama and New Jersey took legal action against the company for allegedly selling unregistered securities to users.
Then, in April 2022, following pressure from regulators, Celsius also stopped providing interest-bearing accounts to non-accredited investors. While against the nature of DeFi, the company was left with little choice.
Things then hit the fan in May of this year. The collapse of LUNA and UST caused significant damage to investor confidence across the entire cryptocurrency market. This is believed to have accelerated the start of a "crypto winter" and led to an industry-wide sell-off that produced a bank-run-style series of withdrawals by Celsius users. In bankruptcy documents, Celsius attributes its liquidity problems to the "domino effect" of LUNA's failure.
According to the company, Celsius had 1.7 million users and $11.7 billion worth of assets under management (AUM) and had made over $8 billion in loans alongside its very high APY (annual percentage yields) of 17%.
These loans, however, came to a grinding halt when the platform froze all its clients' assets and announced a company-wide freeze on withdrawals in early June.
Celsius released a statement stating: “Due to extreme market conditions, today we are announcing that Celsius is pausing all withdrawals, Swap, and transfers between accounts. We are taking this necessary action for the benefit of our entire community to stabilize liquidity and operations while we take steps to preserve and protect assets.”
Two weeks later the platform hired restructuring expert Alvarez & Marsal to assist with alleviating the damage caused by June’s uncertainty and the mounting liquidity issues.
As of mid-July, after paying off several loans, Celsius filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection in the U.S. Bankruptcy Court for the Southern District of New York.
Final Thoughts
The biggest takeaway from these examples above it to always do your own research when it comes to investing in cryptocurrency or cryptocurrency platforms. Never chase “get-rich-quick” schemes, instead do your due diligence and read the fine print. If a platform is offering 20% APY, be sure to get to the bottom of how they intend to provide this. If there’s no transparency, there should be no investment.
The cryptocurrency market has been faced with copious amounts of stressors in recent months, from the demise of these networks mentioned above (alongside others like Voyager and Three Anchor Capital) to a market-wide liquidity crunch, to the recent inflation rate increases around the globe. Not to mention the fearful anticipation of regulatory changes.
If there’s one thing we know about cryptocurrencies it’s that the market as a whole is incredibly resilient. In recent weeks, prices of top cryptocurrencies like Bitcoin and Ethereum have slowly started to increase, causing speculation that we might finally be making our way out of the crypto winter. While this won’t be an overnight endeavour, the sentiment in the market remains hopeful.
L'avenir de l'argent dévoilé : Explorez les révolutionnaires devises numériques des banques centrales et leur potentiel en finance.
Since the debut of Bitcoin in 2009, central banks have been living in fear of the disruptive technology that is cryptocurrency. Distributed ledger technology has revolutionized the digital world and has continued to challenge the corruption of central bank morals.
Financial institutions can’t beat or control cryptocurrency, so they are joining them in creating digital currencies. Governments have now been embracing digital currencies in the form of CBDCs, otherwise known as central bank digital currencies.
Central bank digital currencies are digital tokens, similar to cryptocurrency, issued by a central bank. They are pegged to the value of that country's fiat currency, acting as a digital currency version of the national currency. CBDCs are created and regulated by a country's central bank and monetary authorities.
A central bank digital currency is generally created for a sense of financial inclusion and to improve the application of monetary and fiscal policy. Central banks adopting currency in digital form presents great benefits for the federal reserve system as well as citizens, but there are some cons lurking behind the central bank digital currency facade.
Types of central bank digital currencies
While the concept of a central bank digital currency is quite easy to understand, there are layers to central bank money in its digital form. Before we take a deep dive into the possibilities presented by the central banks and their digital money, we will break down the different types of central bank digital currencies.
Wholesale CBDCs
Wholesale central bank digital currencies are targeted at financial institutions, whereby reserve balances are held within a central bank. This integration assists the financial system and institutions in improving payment systems and security payment efficiency.
This is much simpler than rolling out a central bank digital currency to the whole country but provides support for large businesses when they want to transfer money. These digital payments would also act as a digital ledger and aid in the avoidance of money laundering.
Retail CBDCs
A retail central bank digital currency refers to government-backed digital assets used between businesses and customers. This type of central bank digital currency is aimed at traditional currency, acting as a digital version of physical currency. These digital assets would allow retail payment systems, direct P2P CBDC transactions, as well as international settlements among businesses. It would be similar to having a bank account, where you could digitally transfer money through commercial banks, except the currency would be in the form of a digital yuan or euro, rather than the federal reserve of currency held by central banks.
Pros and cons of a central bank digital currency (CBDC)
Central banks are looking for ways to keep their money in the country, as opposed to it being spent on buying cryptocurrencies, thus losing it to a global market. As digital currencies become more popular, each central bank must decide whether they want to fight it or profit from the potential. Regardless of adoption, central banks creating their own digital currencies comes with benefits and disadvantages to users that you need to know.
Pros of central bank digital currency (CBDC)
- Cross border payments
- Track money laundering activity
- Secure international monetary fund
- Reduces risk of commercial bank collapse
- Cheaper
- More secure
- Promotes financial inclusion
Cons of central bank digital currency (CDBC)
- Central banks have complete control
- No anonymity of digital currency transfers
- Cybersecurity issues
- Price reliant on fiat currency equivalent
- Physical money may be eliminated
- Ban of distributed ledger technology and cryptocurrency
Central bank digital currency conclusion
Central bank money in an electronic form has been a big debate in the blockchain technology space, with so many countries considering the possibility. The European Central Bank, as well as other central banks, have been considering the possibility of central bank digital currencies as a means of improving the financial system. The Chinese government is in the midst of testing out their e-CNY, which some are calling the digital yuan. They have seen great success so far, but only after completely banning Bitcoin trading.
There is a lot of good that can come from CBDCs, but the benefits are mostly for the federal reserve system and central banks. Bank-account holders and citizens may have their privacy compromised and their investment options limited if the world adopts CBDCs.
It's important to remember that central bank digital currencies are not cryptocurrencies. They do not compete with cryptocurrencies and the benefits of blockchain technology. Their limited use cases can only be applied when reinforced by a financial system authority. Only time will tell if CBDCs will succeed, but right now you can appreciate the advantages brought to you by crypto.

Vous avez peut-être déjà entendu parler de la "Travel rule", mais savez-vous ce qu'elle signifie réellement ? Laissez-nous vous l'expliquer.
What is the "Travel Rule"?
You might have heard of the "Travel Rule" before, but do you know what it actually mean? Well, let me break it down for you. The Travel Rule, also known as FATF Recommendation 16, is a set of measures aimed at combating money laundering and terrorism financing through financial transactions.
So, why is it called the Travel Rule? It's because the personal data of the transacting parties "travels" with the transfers, making it easier for authorities to monitor and regulate these transactions. See, now it all makes sense!
The Travel Rule applies to financial institutions engaged in virtual asset transfers and crypto companies, collectively referred to as virtual asset service providers (VASPs). These VASPs have to obtain and share "required and accurate originator information and required beneficiary information" with counterparty VASPs or financial institutions during or before the transaction.
To make things more practical, the FATF recommends that countries adopt a de minimis threshold of 1,000 USD/EUR for virtual asset transfers. This means that transactions below this threshold would have fewer requirements compared to those exceeding it.
For transfers of Virtual Assets falling below the de minimis threshold, Virtual Asset Service Providers (VASPs) are required to gather:
- The identities of the sender (originator) and receiver (beneficiary).
- Either the wallet address associated with each transaction involving Virtual Assets (VAs) or a unique reference number assigned to the transaction.
- Verification of this gathered data is not obligatory, unless any suspicious circumstances concerning money laundering or terrorism financing arise. In such instances, it becomes essential to verify customer information.
Conversely, for transfers surpassing the de minimis threshold, VASPs are obligated to collect more extensive particulars, encompassing:
- Full name of the sender (originator).
- The account number employed by the sender (originator) for processing the transaction, such as a wallet address.
- The physical (geographical) address of the sender (originator), national identity number, a customer identification number that uniquely distinguishes the sender to the ordering institution, or details like date and place of birth.
- Name of the receiver (beneficiary).
- Account number of the receiver (beneficiary) utilized for transaction processing, similar to a wallet address.
By following these guidelines, virtual asset service providers can contribute to a safer and more transparent virtual asset ecosystem while complying with international regulations on anti-money laundering and countering the financing of terrorism. It's all about ensuring the integrity of financial transactions and safeguarding against illicit activities.
Implementation of the Travel Rule in the United Kingdom
A notable shift is anticipated in the United Kingdom's oversight of the virtual asset sector, commencing September 1, 2023.
This seminal development comes in the form of the Travel Rule, which falls under Part 7A of the Money Laundering Regulations 2017. Designed to combat money laundering and terrorist financing within the virtual asset industry, this new regulation expands the information-sharing requirements for wire transfers to encompass virtual asset transfers.
The HM Treasury of the UK has meticulously customized the provisions of the revised Wire Transfer Regulations to cater to the unique demands of the virtual asset sector. This underscores the government's unwavering commitment to fostering a secure and transparent financial ecosystem. Concurrently, it signals their resolve to enable the virtual asset industry to flourish.
The Travel Rule itself originates from the updated version of the Financial Action Task Force's recommendation on information-sharing requirements for wire transfers. By extending these recommendations to cover virtual asset transfers, the UK aspires to significantly mitigate the risk of illicit activities within the sector.
Undoubtedly, the Travel Rule heralds a landmark stride forward in regulating the virtual asset industry in the UK. By extending the ambit of information-sharing requirements and fortifying oversight over virtual asset firms
Implementation of the Travel Rule in the European Union
Prepare yourself, as a new regulation called the Travel Rule is set to be introduced in the world of virtual assets within the European Union. Effective from December 30, 2024, this rule will take effect precisely 18 months after the initial enforcement of the Transfer of Funds Regulation.
Let's delve into the details of the Travel Rule. When it comes to information requirements, there will be no distinction made between cross-border transfers and transfers within the EU. The revised Transfer of Funds regulation recognizes all virtual asset transfers as cross-border, acknowledging the borderless nature and global reach of such transactions and services.
Now, let's discuss compliance obligations. To ensure adherence to these regulations, European Crypto Asset Service Providers (CASPs) must comply with certain measures. For transactions exceeding 1,000 EUR with self-hosted wallets, CASPs are obligated to collect crucial originator and beneficiary information. Additionally, CASPs are required to fulfill additional wallet verification obligations.
The implementation of these measures within the European Union aims to enhance transparency and mitigate potential risks associated with virtual asset transfers. For individuals involved in this domain, it is of utmost importance to stay informed and adhere to these new guidelines in order to ensure compliance.
What does the travel rules means to me as user?
As a user in the virtual asset industry, the implementation of the Travel Rule brings some significant changes that are designed to enhance the security and transparency of financial transactions. This means that when you engage in virtual asset transfers, certain personal information will now be shared between the involved parties. While this might sound intrusive at first, it plays a crucial role in combating fraud, money laundering, and terrorist financing.
The Travel Rule aims to create a safer environment for individuals like you by reducing the risks associated with illicit activities. This means that you can have greater confidence in the legitimacy of the virtual asset transactions you engage in. The regulation aims to weed out illicit activities and promote a level playing field for legitimate users. This fosters trust and confidence among users, attracting more participants and further driving the growth and development of the industry.
However, it's important to note that complying with this rule may require you to provide additional information to virtual asset service providers. Your privacy and the protection of your personal data remain paramount, and service providers are bound by strict regulations to ensure the security of your information.
In summary, the Travel Rule is a positive development for digital asset users like yourself, as it contributes to a more secure and trustworthy virtual asset industry.
Unlocking Compliance and Seamless Experiences: Tap's Proactive Approach to Upcoming Regulations
Tap is fully committed to upholding regulatory compliance, while also prioritizing a seamless and enjoyable customer experience. In order to achieve this delicate balance, Tap has proactively sought out partnerships with trusted solution providers and is actively engaged in industry working groups. By collaborating with experts in the field, Tap ensures it remains on the cutting edge of best practices and innovative solutions.
These efforts not only demonstrate Tap's dedication to compliance, but also contribute to creating a secure and transparent environment for its users. By staying ahead of the curve, Tap can foster trust and confidence in the cryptocurrency ecosystem, reassuring customers that their financial transactions are safe and protected.
But Tap's commitment to compliance doesn't mean sacrificing user experience. On the contrary, Tap understands the importance of providing a seamless journey for its customers. This means that while regulatory requirements may be changing, Tap is working diligently to ensure that users can continue to enjoy a smooth and hassle-free experience.
By combining a proactive approach to compliance with a determination to maintain user satisfaction, Tap is setting itself apart as a trusted leader in the financial technology industry. So rest assured, as Tap evolves in response to new regulations, your experience as a customer will remain top-notch and worry-free.
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When making purchases with your debit card, you’re typically asked to provide a security code, also known as a CVV or CVV2 code. This 3-digit (or sometimes 4-digit) number is an important security feature that helps protect your card from unauthorised use. Understanding what this code is, where to find it, and why it's crucial to keep it safe can help prevent financial fraud and give you greater control over your accounts. In this article, we dive into the details.
What is the security code used for?
The debit card security code serves a critical purpose in verifying your identity and protecting against fraudulent activity. When you provide the code during a transaction, it confirms that you physically possess the card, rather than just having access to the card number alone.
This helps prevent criminals from making unauthorised purchases, especially for online, phone, or mail-order transactions where the physical card is not present. By requiring the security code, merchants and financial institutions can have an additional safeguard against fraud, giving you greater confidence that your hard-earned money stays secure.
Why are debit card security codes important?
The bottom line is that debit card security codes play a vital role in safeguarding your financial information and protecting your hard-earned money. This security code acts as an additional layer of security beyond just your card number and expiration date and without it, criminals would have a much easier time making unauthorised purchases or accessing your accounts.
Where can I find my debit card security code?
The debit card security code is typically found in one of two places on your card:
On most standard debit cards, the 3-digit code is printed on the back of the card, often in the signature strip or just to the right of it.
Some debit cards may have a 4-digit security code that is printed on the front of the card, usually in the top right corner.
How debit card security codes work with contactless payments
While debit cards with security codes are primarily used for in-person, online, and over-the-phone transactions, the code also plays a role in contactless or "tap-to-pay" payments.
When you hold your debit card up to a contactless payment terminal, the 3- or 4-digit security code is digitally transmitted along with your card information. This allows the payment system to verify your identity and approve the transaction, just as it would for a contact-based payment that requires manually entering the security code.
The security code therefore provides an extra layer of protection, even for quick tap-and-go purchases.
CVV vs OTP
The key difference between a debit card's CVV (card verification value) code and an OTP (one-time password) lies in how they function to verify transactions. A CVV is a static 3 or 4-digit code printed on your physical debit card, which you manually enter to confirm your identity.
In contrast, an OTP is a dynamically generated code, typically sent to your mobile device via SMS from the bank or an authentication app, that changes with each new transaction. While both add an extra security layer, OTPs provide stronger protection, as they cannot be reused like a static CVV.
Combining the use of your debit card's CVV code and a one-time password (OTP) provides the strongest protection against financial fraud.
CVV vs PIN
Your debit card's PIN (Personal Identification Number) is different from the CVV (card verification value) code.
The PIN is used to verify in-person transactions when you use the physical card, like at a store checkout or ATM.
The CVV code is used instead for remote purchases, like online or over the phone, where the physical card isn't present.
Closing thoughts
In summary, the debit card security code, also found on a credit card, is an essential safeguard against fraud and unauthorised transactions. By understanding what this code is, where to find it, and how it protects your finances, you can take control of your financial security and enjoy greater peace of mind when using your debit card in the wild or online.

Crypto recovery scams involve fraudsters claiming they can recover lost or stolen cryptocurrency for a fee. These scammers prey on individuals who have lost access to their digital assets.
As cryptocurrencies grow in popularity, these deceptive schemes are also becoming more and more prevalent. Being able to identify and avoid such scams is crucial. Not only will it help to safeguard your current investments but will also prevent further financial losses. In this article we’re going to guide you through identifying these scams, and what to do from there.
Signs of a crypto recovery scam
Spotting a crypto recovery scam can be easier if you know the telltale signs:
- Be wary of unsolicited offers to recover your lost or stolen crypto, as legitimate services don't operate that way.
- Scammers often demand exorbitant upfront fees before providing any services, while legitimate ones typically charge after a successful recovery.
- Unrealistic promises of guaranteed recovery should also raise suspicion, as legitimate services are upfront about risks and limitations.
Another red flag is a lack of transparency about their methods and processes. Scammers tend to be vague, while legitimate services are open about their approach.
Finally, watch out for high-pressure tactics like creating a false sense of urgency. Scammers may use these to rush you into a decision, whereas legitimate services allow you to make an informed choice. Acknowledging and staying vigilant about these signs can protect you from falling victim to crypto recovery scams.
How scammers typically operate a crypto recovery scam
In a cunning ploy, scammers impersonate representatives from reputable companies, reaching out to unsuspecting individuals with the promise of recovering funds lost in previous scams. These impostors may even possess specific details about the victims, such as the amount of money they had lost, further lending credibility to their claims.
Once they gain the trust of their targets, the scammers instruct the victims to promptly send Bitcoin or other cryptocurrencies to a wallet address controlled by the scammers themselves. In some cases, the scammers may suggest that the victims create accounts on cryptocurrency exchanges that allow multiple owners for a single wallet, such as Atomic Wallet. In other instances, the scammers may have already set up these accounts themselves and merely grant the victims access, ensuring complete control over the funds.
To further facilitate the transfer of funds, some victims are coaxed into downloading remote access software like AnyDesk, under the pretense of receiving assistance with setting up bank or exchange accounts. This tactic grants the scammers direct access to the victims' devices, providing yet another avenue for diverting funds to their chosen destinations.
How to protect yourself
To protect yourself from crypto recovery scams, it's essential to do thorough research on any company or service before engaging with it. Be sure to scrutinize their credentials, reviews, and track record, and if something sounds too good to be true, it usually is.
As mentioned above, always be highly sceptical of unsolicited offers or claims, as these are often tactics used by scammers. Instead, do your own homework and find a service that aligns with your needs and sense of comfort.
Never share your private keys or seed phrases with anyone, as this grants them complete access to your funds. Instead, consider using reputable and trusted crypto recovery services, such as CryptoRecovery.com or CoinRecovered.com, which have established reputations and transparent processes.
While this might sound like scary business, rest assured that by exercising due diligence, maintaining a healthy dose of scepticism, and safeguarding your private information, you can significantly reduce the risk of falling victim to these deceptive schemes.
Reporting crypto recovery scams
If you suspect you have been contacted by a crypto recovery scam service or found one online, report it to the appropriate authorities as well as the Tap team immediately. Many countries have dedicated cybercrime units or financial fraud hotlines where you can file a complaint. Additionally, by alerting Tap we can escalate the report and inform other crypto holders before they potentially fall prey to these scammers.
Always remember that raising awareness is crucial in combating these scams. Share your experience on forums, social media, or with your network to warn others. By doing so, you can help prevent more people from falling victim and contribute to the collective effort against crypto-related frauds.
Key takeaways from this article
Key signs of a crypto recovery scam include unsolicited offers, demands for exorbitant upfront fees, lack of transparency about methods, unrealistic promises of guaranteed recovery, and high-pressure tactics. Exercise extreme caution and conduct thorough due diligence before engaging with any service claiming to recover lost or stolen cryptocurrency.
Additionally, spreading awareness is crucial to combating these scams. Share information about the telltale signs and your experiences with Tap, the appropriate authorities, your network and online communities. By raising awareness, you can help others avoid falling victim to these deceptive schemes and contribute to the collective effort against crypto-related fraud.
For more information, here are the top 5 crypto scams people fall victim to.

No matter your travel budget, navigating ATM fees is worth your time when travelling around Europe. In this article, we’re giving you a run-through of the common charges you may face, from withdrawal and balance inquiry fees to currency conversion costs, and how to easily navigate them.
Why do ATMs charge fees?
Wondering why ATMs charge those pesky fees? The truth is, there's a cost involved for the banks behind those convenient cash machines. They have to stock the cash, maintain the equipment, and liaise with your home bank to reconcile the transactions. Those ATM fees you see? That's how banks recoup those operational expenses, with a little profit margin added in for good measure.
Common ATM fees in Europe
When using ATMs in Europe, you'll likely encounter several common fees that can mount up fast. While less common in the UK, in countries like Germany, ATM fees can quickly add up to €4. Let’s take a look at what kinds of fees one might encounter.
Bear in mind that the amount you'll have to pay at a European ATM depends on two main factors:
- Your home bank's fees: they may charge a withdrawal fee, typically a few euros to several dollars, every time you use an ATM abroad.
- The ATM's own fees: the bank that owns the ATM you're using may also levy its own withdrawal fee, on top of what your home bank charges.
These charges will vary depending on your bank, so be sure to check before leaving. While most banks list their ATM use charges in their terms, with some offering limited free withdrawals, others charge a flat fee per transaction, especially for out-of-network or international ATM use, so be mindful of potential fees when accessing your money abroad.
In addition to withdrawal fees, you may also encounter balance inquiry fees just for checking your account balance, as well as conversion or foreign transaction fees when using a card issued outside of the Eurozone.
Factors affecting ATM fees
The fees you'll encounter at European ATMs can vary quite a bit depending on several key factors. First, the location of the ATM makes a big difference - if it's part of your home bank's network, you'll likely pay lower (or even no) withdrawal fees. But use an out-of-network machine, and those charges can start to add up quickly.
The type of card you're using also plays a role. Debit cards generally incur fewer fees than credit cards when used for ATM withdrawals. And your home bank's specific policies on international ATM use can further impact the costs you face.
Keeping these variables in mind as you access cash abroad will help you sidestep unnecessary fees and make your travel budget stretch further.
Tips for minimising ATM fees in Europe
When navigating the ATM landscape in Europe, there are a few savvy strategies you can employ to steer clear of those ATM fees:
- Seek out a bank account that offers fee-free withdrawals - some digital-only banks provide a certain number of complimentary ATM transactions each month.
- Stick to ATMs owned and operated by banks, rather than independent machines often found in convenience stores, as those are more likely to come with added charges.
- Be strategic with your cash withdrawals - if your account allows for free branch ATM use, plan ahead and make larger, less frequent withdrawals to minimise fees. Conversely, if you have a limited number of free monthly transactions, opt for larger sums to get more mileage from those.
- Finally, minimise cash usage altogether by relying on your debit card for payments wherever possible, reserving cash for small, cash-only establishments like markets.
By employing these tactics, you can keep more of your hard-earned money in your pocket while exploring Europe.
The Tap Solution
Tap provides users within the European zone with a free prepaid crypto and fiat card that can be used anywhere in the world. Powered by Mastercard, the card links directly to the funds in the holder’s Tap app, allowing them to easily manage their money and constantly be in the know.
With all options providing free card deposits and free in store purchases, the premium options offer impressive fees when it comes to exchanging and trading funds. When it comes to monthly ATM withdrawals, the Essential account allows free withdrawals up to €500, higher tiers offer up to €1,000, while the Prestige level provides unlimited free withdrawals before incurring charges.
Get more information about the available options when it comes to your Tap card here.
Conclusion
In summary, being aware of European ATM fees - including withdrawal charges, balance inquiries, and currency conversion costs - is key to managing your travel budget. Research your bank's policies, locate in-network ATMs, and strategise cash withdrawals before your trip. With some smart planning, you can sidestep unnecessary fees and make the most of your time exploring Europe.

Crypto is never short on surprises, and staying true to its word 2024 has delivered a wild new trend: PolitiFi coins. These politically-themed digital assets have managed to give the election a run for its money in terms of surprises, breaking onto the scene with an eye-popping 782.4% growth in just 8 months.
To put that into perspective, “traditional” meme coins only managed 90.2% growth in the same time. Political views aside, one thing we can all agree on is that there is never a dull moment in the crypto space.
What is PolitiFi?
These politically-themed meme coins draw inspiration from famous political figures and events, often in a playful or satirical way. But most of these coins are not officially linked to any real politicians. Much like other meme coins, their value is totally speculative, riding the waves of community buzz and whatever’s trending in the news.
From zero to $2.1 billion
What started as a seemingly niche intersection of politics and crypto has grown into a substantial market worth $2.1 billion as of November 2024. While this represents just 1.77% of the broader meme coin market, PolitiFi's rapid incline tells an intriguing story of how quickly new crypto categories can capture investor attention - and capital.
Politics meets blockchain
What sets PolitiFi apart is its unique responsiveness to real-world political events. For instance, when Donald Trump won the Iowa Republican caucuses in January, MAGA (TRUMP) surged 79.1% in a single day.
Continuing on this narrative, the market has shown similar sensitivity to events ranging from legal verdicts to health scares, with tokens like Jeo Boden (BODEN) and Kamala Horris (KAMA) swinging dramatically on related news.
The Trump assassination attempt even saw MAGA (TRUMP) rally 41.2%, while Biden's COVID-19 diagnosis caused Jeo Boden to plummet 27.3%.
No jokes, just a new political ecosystem
While most PolitiFi tokens began as satire, some have evolved to serve more practical purposes. MAGA (TRUMP), for instance, channels transaction fees directly to Donald Trump's Ethereum wallet and aligned charities, creating an unconventional yet innovative intersection between cryptocurrency speculation and political fundraising.
Is crypto a new form of political expression?
Time will tell whether PolitiFi is just another crypto trend, but for now it serves as a new way for people to engage with politics. These tokens mix financial speculation, political commentary, and grassroots fundraising, creating a space where community opinions can be quickly turned into monetary support.
As digital finance, political activism, and social commentary keep overlapping, PolitiFi coins might signal a new era of political involvement. Whether this is a short-lived trend or the start of a big shift in how we connect with political causes is still up in the air.
One thing's for sure: in the unpredictable world of crypto, surprises are the norm, and that’s exactly what makes it exciting.

In the wild world of cryptocurrency, where fortunes are made and lost in the blink of an eye, a peculiar phenomenon has taken centre stage: meme coins. Against all odds, these digital currencies, born from internet jokes and pop culture references, have morphed into serious market players, creating a collected market cap of $48 billion at the time of writing. This represents about 2% of the total cryptocurrency market cap, a significant slice for assets often dismissed as jokes.

A breakdown of market dominance comparing memecoins to the five biggest coins
Dogecoin alone accounts for nearly $18.8 billion of this, while Shiba Inu follows with just under $10 billion. From Dogecoin's meteoric rise, at one point surging over 12,000% in a single year, to the proliferation of Shiba Inu-themed tokens, meme coins have disrupted traditional crypto narratives.
With daily trading volumes sometimes exceeding $1 billion for top meme coins and hundreds of meme coins traded on various exchanges, are they just a flash in the pan or do they represent a fundamental shift in how we perceive and interact with digital assets? Let's dive into the meme coin mania shaking up the crypto landscape.
The birth of meme coins: Dogecoin
It all began in 2013 when Jackson Palmer and Billy Markus combined two of the internet's hottest trends - cryptocurrencies and memes - to create Dogecoin.
Beginning as a lighthearted response to the overly serious cryptocurrency landscape, they chose the Shiba Inu dog from the popular "Doge" meme as their mascot, perfectly capturing the whimsical spirit of their creation and the tone of the time.
Initially dismissed as a parody, Dogecoin quickly found a following among crypto enthusiasts with a sense of humour. Early adopters, drawn by the coin's lighthearted approach and low entry barrier, formed a vibrant community that would become the coin's greatest asset. Today, the original meme coin is a stable contender in the top 10 biggest cryptocurrencies by market cap.
The meme coin explosion
As Dogecoin's popularity increased, a new breed of cryptocurrencies emerged, each trying to capture the same taste of their meme-driven successor. The crypto market witnessed an explosion of imitators, from Shiba Inu (SHIB) to SafeMoon (SAFEMOON). Today, there were over 250 active meme coins listed on CoinMarketCap, with new ones appearing almost weekly.
These newcomers often played on popular themes: animal mascots, pop culture references, or even celebrity names. Everything from Pepe (PEPE), riding the wave of the infamous frog meme and reaching a market cap of $1.6 billion at its peak, to Garlicoin (GRLC), for the bread enthusiasts, emerged. Arguably, the market became saturated with these "utility-less" coins, and the hype often disappears as quickly as it arrives. For instance, SafeMoon saw its value plummet by over 99% from its all-time high in just two years.
Social media platforms became the battleground for meme coin supremacy, with Reddit, Twitter, and TikTok serving as launchpads for viral campaigns. To illustrate this, r/dogecoin is in the top 1% of subreddits based on size, while #dogecoin has been viewed over 8 billion times on TikTok.
On top of this, influencers and celebrity endorsements fueled rapid price swings, turning meme coins into a phenomenon that blurred the lines between investing and entertainment. A single tweet from Elon Musk mentioning Dogecoin could cause its price to surge by up to 50% within hours, showcasing the volatile nature of these assets.
Taking it one step further, on 28 May, the celebrity meme coin trend kicked off with Caitlyn Jenner's JENNER token. The reality star's digital currency made waves, hitting a $40 million market cap within its first 24 hours, setting a new bar for star-powered crypto launches.
Riding the wave of JENNER's success, rapper Iggy Azalea introduced her Mother Iggy (MOTHER) meme coin on Solana, which initially surged but later plummeted amid market turbulence. This prompted several other personalities to do the same, with similar patterns of initial interest and then a fade out.

Source: Coinmarketcap.com
A look at meme coins by the numbers
Meme coins have been on a rollercoaster that would make even the most hardened crypto traders dizzy. At its peak, in May 2021, Dogecoin's market cap surpassed $82 billion, briefly overtaking established giants like Honda and Twitter. Not to be outdone, a few months later Shiba Inu’s market cap hit a mind-boggling $39 billion.

At the time of writing, the other top meme coins include Pepe (PEPE), with a market cap of $5 billion, Dogwifhat (WIF), with a market cap of $2.5 billion, and Bonk (BONK) with a market cap of $1.9 billion.
Trading volumes have seen days where meme coins dominated the charts, with DOGE and SHIB frequently surpassing daily volumes of $20 billion. But here's the kicker: price volatility in the meme coin world makes Bitcoin look like a stable grandpa. We're talking swings of 500% or more in mere days, fueled by tweets, Reddit posts, and the occasional Elon Musk sneeze.
The love-hate relationship with traditional finance
Let’s go there. Traditional finance gurus have been quick to dismiss these digital upstarts as speculative bubbles, with Warren Buffett comparing them to "rat poison squared." But while the old guard scoffs, celebrities are diving in headfirst.
There’s no denying that Elon Musk's tweets and Snoop Dogg's Shiba Inu shoutouts send Dogecoin to the moon. This star-studded carnival has regulators breaking into a cold sweat, scrambling to figure out how to pin down these slippery, meme-fueled assets. From (justified) concerns about market manipulation to fears of a crypto Wild West, meme coins are giving lawmakers more headaches than their more “useful” counterparts.
The technology behind meme coins
Meme coins, like their "grown-up" cousins, ride on blockchain technology, ensuring transparency and decentralisation. But while Bitcoin and Ethereum are off solving world problems, meme coins are here for the party.
Many are built on existing networks, like Ethereum or Solana, saving the hassle of reinventing the blockchain wheel. What sets them apart? Often, it's their massive supply (Dogecoin has a circulating supply of 145 billion coins compared to Bitcoin's 21 million) and low individual value, perfect for tipping creators or buying virtual tacos.
Some meme coins are getting creative, though. We're seeing innovations like burn mechanisms to control supply, charity wallets, and even attempts at DeFi integration. For example, Shiba Inu introduced ShibaSwap, a decentralised exchange, attracting over $1.5 billion in total value locked within its first week.
Still, the general consensus is that most of them are simply layer 2 attempts at getting their name on the map, often with little other utility than gas fees in their own ecosystem.
Meme coins and community building
Meme coins have spawned vibrant online communities that make crypto seem less like rocket science and more like a viral TikTok challenge. Reddit threads and Discord channels buzz with meme coin enthusiasts sharing tips, jokes, and the occasional rocket emoji. But it's not all fun and games; many meme coin communities have heart.
Dogecoin fans famously funded a Jamaican bobsled team going to the Winter Olympics as well as clean water projects and paying back victims of a hacker. These feel-good stories have turned meme coins into crypto's approachable face, luring curious newbies into the wider world of blockchain and decentralised finance.
The future of meme coins
While the future of crypto is unpredictable, the future of meme coins is 10x more so. Some sceptics predict these digital coins will fade faster than last year's TikTok dance, while optimists see a world where Doge might actually buy you a Tesla.
The smart money's on meme coins evolving beyond their jokey roots, with some already dipping their paws into DeFi and NFTs. Industry experts are split: some see meme coins as the gateway drug to serious crypto adoption, others as a passing fad. One thing's for sure: in the land of memes and dreams, expect the unexpected.
Conclusion
As we wrap up our journey through the meme coin history, it's clear these digital underdogs have left an unerasable mark on the crypto landscape. From humble, joke-filled beginnings to billion-dollar market caps, meme coins have shown the power of community, humour, and viral marketing in the financial world.
While their future remains unpredictable, one thing is certain: meme coins have forever changed how we think about cryptocurrency, blending finance with fun in a way that's uniquely suited for our internet-driven age. The crypto revolution just got a lot more entertaining.

The way money moves is changing fast: digital currencies have evolved from investment assets to practical tools for daily transactions. With big names like Microsoft, AT&T, and Starbucks now accepting crypto payments, mainstream acceptance is officially on the rise.
Why businesses are making the switch
Financial efficiency
Traditional payment systems often have drawbacks: high fees, processing delays, and complicated international transfers. Cryptocurrency helps solve these issues by offering:
- Near-instant settlement times
- Minimal transaction fees, especially for cross-border payments
- No currency conversion costs
- Reduced operational overhead
Enhanced security architecture
The underlying blockchain technology provides businesses with unprecedented security benefits:
- Immutable transaction records
- Distributed verification systems
- Protection against unauthorised reversals
- Reduced risk of payment fraud
Market expansion opportunities
By accepting cryptocurrency, businesses can:
- Tap into the growing crypto-native consumer base
- Reach underbanked populations globally
- Operate in international markets without traditional banking constraints
- Appeal to privacy-conscious customers
Implementation guide: accepting crypto payments
Step 1: Choose your integration method
- Direct wallet-to-wallet transfers
- Payment processor integration
- Hybrid solutions with automatic conversion to fiat
Step 2: Set up your infrastructure
- Create business cryptocurrency wallets
- Implement QR code generation systems
- Establish transaction verification protocols
- Train staff on handling crypto payments
Step 3: Customer experience design
- Clear payment instructions at checkout
- Multiple cryptocurrency options
- Transparent fee structure
- Real-time exchange rate display
With Tap’s Business Accounts we will assign a dedicated account manager to you who will run you through each of these steps making the transition incredibly smooth.
Strategic advantages
Risk management
- Protection against chargebacks
- Reduced exposure to payment fraud
- Built-in transaction verification
- Immutable payment records
Operational benefits
- Automated payment processing
- Reduced administrative overhead
- Simplified international transactions
- Real-time settlement
Financial planning
- Potential tax advantages (varies by jurisdiction)
- Inflation hedge through crypto assets
- Reduced payment processing costs
- New revenue stream opportunities
Customer transaction process
- Selection: Customer chooses cryptocurrency payment option
- Verification: System generates unique payment address or QR code
- Transfer: Customer initiates payment from their digital wallet
- Confirmation: Transaction is verified on the blockchain
- Completion: Payment is settled and order is processed
Future-proofing your business
The adoption of cryptocurrency payments isn't just about staying current - it's about preparing for a future where digital currencies play an increasingly important role in global commerce. Businesses that integrate these payment systems now gain:
- First-mover advantage in their market
- Experience with blockchain technology
- Enhanced appeal to tech-savvy customers
- Operational flexibility for future expansion
Privacy and transparency balance
One of cryptocurrency's unique features is its ability to provide both privacy and transparency simultaneously:
- Transactions are publicly recorded but pseudonymous
- Customer personal data isn't required for processing
- Audit trails are automatically maintained
- Regulatory compliance is simplified through built-in tracking
Looking ahead
The crypto revolution isn't just changing how we think about money – it's transforming how businesses operate. Forward-thinking companies integrating digital currencies are doing more than just adding another payment option; they're positioning themselves at the cutting edge of a new financial era.
Think of cryptocurrency adoption like the early days of e-commerce. What seemed optional in the late '90s quickly became essential for survival. We're seeing similar patterns with digital currencies, where early adopters are gaining valuable experience and competitive advantages while others play catch-up.
The real power of crypto payments extends far beyond transactions. They're unlocking new business models, breaking down international barriers, and offering unprecedented financial flexibility. For businesses eyeing global expansion or looking to reduce transaction costs, crypto isn't just an alternative – it's becoming a strategic imperative.
The decision to accept cryptocurrency payments should be based on your business's specific needs and goals. But let's be practical: timing matters. Your business's unique circumstances – market position, customer base, technical capabilities – should guide your implementation strategy. While the question of adoption is shifting from "if" to "when," rushing in without proper preparation could do more harm than good.
Smart implementation means integrating crypto alongside your existing payment infrastructure. Think of it as expanding your payment ecosystem rather than replacing it. Your customers should have choices, whether they're crypto enthusiasts or prefer traditional payment methods to ensure maximum customer accessibility and business flexibility.
Kickstart your financial journey
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